经济学中的META回归分析

Meta回归分析是一种以回归模型为基础的数量型文献综述方法,它能够科学地探究影响研究结果不一致性的因素,以及这些因素对研究结果不一致性的影响程度。Meta回归分析的应用主要从效应量选择、自变量选择和估计方法三个方面入手。Meta回归分析的价值主要在于,开创了经济学领域数量型文献综述方法的先河,分析了经济学领域存在的实证结果不一致及其原因问题,为经济学领域未来的实证研究设计提供了标准,为经济问题的研究进一步拓展了新的空间。     

信贷风险管理模型研究

信贷风险是我国商业银行面临的主要风险,它构成了我国商业银行风险管理的重点和难点,是银行风险管理的核心.文章主要从信贷风险量化控制方面,全面介绍了目前应用的信贷风险管理模型,并对其适用性进行了分析.就目前而言,基于定性的传统信贷管理模型满足不了信贷风险管理的要求,国外先进的信贷风险计量模型在国内尚不具备使用的基础条件.在这种情况下,国内商业银行应该采取定性与定量相结合的风险量化模型.为了克服现行信贷风险量化模型的不足,可以将层次分析法与模糊数学理论结合起来,在信贷风险计量方面建立模糊综合评价数学模型.     

专利文献价值评价模型构建及实证分析

利用层次分析法定性与定量相结合的决策思想,对专利文献计量分析中专利文献价值评价进行了确定与量化。遴选设计评价指标,构建指标体系,确定指标权重,搭建评价模型,并以C市生物医药行业专利文献数据为样本进行了实证分析,希望为专利文献计量中核心专利文献的定位提供具有较强操作性的量化手段,进而为专利价值判断乃至技术评价提供方法支持。     

定性定量结合的分析方法——共词分析法

复杂科学管理的方法论是定性定量结合的方法论。作为定性与定量分析相结合的研究方法,共词分析法是复杂科学管理倡导的重要方法之一。本文首先阐述了共词分析法的基本原理、发展历程和主要运用领域,总结了运用共词分析法的4个关键操作步骤。在此基础上,以国外的知识管理研究为例,运用共词分析法发现了国外知识管理研究的9类知识结构、3个理论基础和两个大研究纬度,揭示了知识管理研究中存在的二元对立范式。最后,指出了在复杂科学管理理念下共词分析法的发展前景。     

供应链管理应用SOA的绩效测评方法研究

SOA消除了信息集成的障碍,使企业随市场的变化而随需而变。供应链管理应用SOA是一趋势,供应链管理应用SOA的绩效测评是前言研究方向。文章首先分析目前国内外供应链管理绩效测评方法研究存在的不足,接着从供应链管理应用SOA绩效的面向客户内部、外部及管理方面建立绩效测评指标,针对供应链应用SOA采用模糊综合评价法、层次分析法等定量方法进行绩效计算,最后对供应链管理应用SOA的绩效测评体系进行综合评价。为供应链管理应用SOA的价值衡量提供量化的指标和计算方法。     

基于层次分析法的电力需求侧管理效益综合评价

本文在深入调查和研究大量文献的基础上,建立了需求侧管理效益的综合评价指标体系,运用层次分析法和模糊综合评判方法进行了评价,分析了其应用于电力需求侧管理综合评价的可行性.并对河北省某地区的电力需求侧管理效益进行综合评价,得到量化评价结果,验证了文章提出的"电力需求侧管理"的指标体系及评价方法的实用性、科学性.     

层次分析法在选择广告媒介中的应用

文章旨在应用层次分析法（AHP）对选择广告媒介问题进行一个量化的分析，将定性的选择偏好转化为定量的计算，比较若干媒介方案对同一目标的影响，决定他们在目标中所占的比重，为决策提供依据。     

内蒙古R&D人力资源状况统计实证分析

R&D人力资源是指实际从事或有潜力从事系统性科技知识的生产、传播和应用活动的人力资源.将现有的R&D人力资源发挥出最大的效率,以及如何提高R&D人力资源本身,使其在将来发挥更大的效率,是经济增长和发展必由之路.本文采用定性、定量相结合方法,对内蒙古自治区科技人力资源的总体状况进行了评价,并应用回归分析法,量化了R&D人力资源投入对经济增长的经济效果.     

药物经济学在中国

作为一门新兴的边缘学科,药物经济学80年代初在国外兴起并得到广泛的发展和应用,近年来成为我国医药卫生研究的一个热点,并受到越来越多研究者的重视。文献计量学是以特殊的量化方法处理信息,在学术评价方面具有重要应用价值。本文通过对中文期刊数据库收录的1994年-2005年关于药物经济学研究的中文文献进行统计,并依据文献计量学原理进行分析,以了解我国药物经济学研究的发展历程、理论和应用研究的现状,并从发表文献的评估中探讨国内药物经济学研究的热点以及在目前研究中存在的问题。     

国外银行全面风险管理体系建立的实践分析

文章通过分析国外部分主要商业银行,在全面风险管理体系建立的实践,从风险量化管理、风险分散化以及风险管理体系建立等三方面进行分析。通过比较,可以发现,国外商业银行在风险管理方面都采用了量化管理的技术手段,一些风险管理较先进的银行还将风险分散化技术应用到全面风险管理体系建立中,并降低了银行的资本需求,这些是我国商业银行在建立全面风险管理体系时需要借鉴和完善的地方。     

Romanians,Hungarians and their wages,in transition,in Romania

Legally binding treaties or memorandums have been used over time to regulate the issue of national borders of many European countries. As a result, relatively large groups of people have become ethnic minorities in other countries. They may conserve their ethnic identities, and therefore their children may accumulate ethnic human capital (e.g., language, culture, and religion) in addition to the general human capital of the country. Therefore, they can get access to an appropriate occupation linked by tradition or other factors to their ethnic group. This paper uses estimates from a selection model with an endogenous switch among three broad types of occupational groups to analyze the composition of the wage gap between Romanians and ethnic Hungarians in Romania before and during the transition from a planned to a market economy. The results suggest that the institutional settings of the controlled economy allowed Romanians to work in occupations that gave them the best returns, while the changes during the transition years allowed ethnic Hungarians to work in occupations that gave them the best returns.     

Heterogeneity in Ability and Inheritance,Disparities, and Development

This paper investigates the impact of income inequality on economic growth. A two-period overlapping generations model is developed where agents are heterogeneous in innate abilities and inheritance. In the first period, they receive their inheritance and their abilities are revealed. There are only two types of abilities: high and low. Individuals decide on their education level, and divide their inheritance between spending on education and saving. In the second period, individuals supply their labor and allocate the labor income and the return to their saving between consumption and bequests to their offsprings. Initial capital stock is owned entirely by the capitalists. In this context, a more equal distribution of income enhances economic growth if the economy is lower than a threshold capital-labor ratio, while income inequality has an insignificant effect above this threshold. The predictions of the model are tested empirically using the Hansen (1999) threshold estimation. The results, using a panel of 70 countries for the period 1971-1999, suggest that there is a statistically significant threshold income per capita, below which the coefficient on the relationship between inequality and economic growth is significantly negative and above which the estimate is not significant.     

Communication, Risk, and Efficiency in Games

This paper uses curb sets to study the evolution of effective pre-play communication in games where a single communication round precedes a simultaneous-move, complete-information game. It is shown that the effectiveness of one-sided pre-play communication is inversely related to risk in the underlying game, and to the size of the message space. If messages have somea prioriinformation content, then multi-sided communication is more effective than one-sided communication; i.e., risk and the size of the message space play no role.Journal of Economic LiteratureClassification Number: C72.     

Caste, Inequality, and Poverty in India

This paper analyses inequality and poverty in India within the context of caste‐based discrimination. It does so by decomposing the difference between (caste) Hindu and Scheduled Caste (SC) and Scheduled Tribe (ST) households in: their average household incomes; their probabilities of being in different income percentiles; their probabilities of being at different levels of poverty into: a “discrimination effect”, which stems from the fact that a household's income level, into which its (income‐generating) profile translates, depends on whether it is SC/ST; an “attributes (or residual) effect” which stems from the fact that there are systematic differences between SC/ST and Hindu households in their (income‐generating) profiles. The results, based on unit record data for 28,922 households, showed that at least one‐third of the average income/probability differences between Hindu and SC/ST households was due to the “unequal treatment” of the latter.     

Trade,employment, and inequality in postreform China

The paper uses provincial-level Chinese foreign trade statistics, and a 1981 World Bank input-output table for China, to explore the impact of economic reform on employment, trade, and income inequality. The author concludes that trade increases regional inequality, and that 1981 trade decreased total employment in China, but that by 1985, due largely to the agricultural response to reform, net trade had become jobcreating.     

Geography,demography, and economic growth in Africa

This paper presents the effects of climate, topography, and natural ecology on public health, nutrition, demographics, technological diffusion, international trade and other determinants of economic development in Africa. The goal of this paper is to emphasize the need for intensified research on the issues at the intersection of ecology and human society. Geography was given emphasis because of three reasons: the minimal gain from another recitation of the damage caused by statism, protectionism and corruption to African economic performance; negligence of the role of natural forces in shaping economic performance; and tailoring of policies to geographical realities. The paper also discusses the general problems of tropical development and the focus of Africa's problems in worldwide tropical perspectives; demographic trends in Africa; use of standard cross-country growth equations with demographic and geographic variables, to account for the relative roles of geography; and the future growth strategies and the need for urban-based export growth in manufacturing and services. Lastly, the authors provide a summary of conclusions and discuss the agenda for future research.     

Human Capital, Growth, and Inequality in Russia

Our model captures the fact that Russia has both much human capital and an education system that produces the wrong skills for a market economy. We define a rule for the timing of educational restructuring that is Pareto optimal and that dominates all later times in a Paretian sense while simultaneously reducing inequality. We demonstrate that failure to implement restructuring early in the transition process is likely to produce a very long delay that will significantly reduce Russia's human capital. A retreat from subsidizing public education is likely to be counterproductive. We argue that early educational restructuring should be emphasized in Russia's transition strategy. J. Comp. Econom., December 1999, 27(4), pp. 618–643. Lingnan University, Tuen Mun, N.T., Hong Kong, People's Republic of China; University of Colorado, Denver, Denver, Colorado 88217; and Royal Holloway College, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 OEX, United Kingdom.     

Entry, Prices, and Investment in Regulated Industries

The paper studies how the optimal regulatory policy is affected by the possibility of unregulated firms entering the market. In such cases, the regulator may prefer to limit price and cost reductions in the regulated incumbent. The extent to which this happens is shown to depend on the extent of the regulator's commitment: if it commits to a chosen policy, then the market outcome following entry is less competitive than it would be without commitment: price and production costs are both higher. We also show that, unlike the natural monopoly case, incentives for cost reducing investment are stronger when the regulatory policy has a short regulatory interval.