中国农村小额信贷宏观效率现状分析

中国农村小额信贷的宏观效率包括小额信贷运作对农村经济发展的作用效率和政府监管农村小额信贷市场的效率,其影响因素主要包括农村地区货币量与农村经济总量比率、农村地区货币结构比率、政府调控农村小额信贷措施的影响力、政府调控农村小额信贷效果与预期目标的偏离程度等。受农村小额信贷运作对农村经济发展的作用效率较低和政府监管农村小额信贷市场的效率较低的影响,目前中国农村小额信贷的宏观效率较低。     

关于对小额信贷可持续发展的研究

随着近几年中国政府对三农问题的重视以及央行大力鼓励农村信用社开展小额信贷,小额度的信贷服务活动在农村金融活动中扮演着越来越重要的角色,同时,小额信贷无疑对农民脱贫致富也起了非常重要的作用.但是,在其实施过程中仍存在这一些问题,需要不断完善改革.如何实现小额信贷的可持续发展,成为当前小额信贷面临的一大难题.通过介绍小额信贷可持续发展的概念,分析国内实现小额信贷可持续发展的障碍,提出了实现小额信贷可持续发展的思路.     

小额贷款公司筹资与风险控制

伴随着经济转型,我国的小额信贷从“草根金融”发展为现在的小额信贷行业,小额信贷公司的相继出现和小额信贷范围的扩展为帮助农牧民致富和扶持个体工商户、中小企业的发展方面发挥了巨大的作用.文章回顾小额信贷的发展历程,阐述了小额信贷在经济发展中的重要作用、小额信贷公司在资金筹集和风险控制方面的具体规定及方法,以及其中存在的风险,提出小额信贷公司在规避风险方面的对策措施.最后,针对小额信贷公司的特点提出了一些促进小额信贷长足发展的建议,以帮助小额信贷能够持续的发展.     

中国农村小额信贷的内生发展机制——以黑龙江省通河县新村融资为例

如果把符合"需求遵从"特征而产生的金融形式称为"内生"的,那么符合"供给领先"的金融形式则可称为"外生"的.内生于经济的金融服务更符合以人为本和可持续发展理念.在某些条件下,小额信贷业务可以伴随着农业经济的发展而产生,并能实现可持续运转.本文通过对我国黑龙江省通河县一个典型村庄的小额信贷案例分析发现,经济和居民收入的持续增长、良好的社会信用基础和组织的协调,是小额信贷内生于经济的关键,应该因地制宜发展中国农村小额信贷.     

"无领导小组讨论"在小额信贷人员招聘中的应用

文章分析了小额信贷人员的工作业务性质,总结出小额信贷人员应具备的知识、能力和工作态度.文章比较了各种在招聘中使用的人才测评方法,发现"无领导小组讨论"在测评小额信贷人员的很多方面都具有优势和高度适用性.在此基础上,文章从题目设计、评测过程和结果打分方面提出了一套通过"无领导小组讨论"测评小额信贷人员的方案.     

中国农村小额信贷的实践尝试

中国农村小额信贷大体经历了三个发展阶段。文章描述了我国小额信贷的三大组织类型和多样化的形式以及小额信贷项目的运作方式、目标群体的定位、项目发展规模和金额产品、可持续状况等等。对三大类型的小额信贷各自的主要问题做了分析。在此基础上,提出对中国小额信贷的若干看法和可吸取的经验教训,并就项目机构的合法性、利率、模式的多样性、资金的来源、对项目的规范和监管等方面的问题提出有关的政策思考。     

孟加拉乡村银行小额信贷模式及其启示

孟加拉经济学家尤努斯创办的"格拉明银行",又称"乡村银行"(GrameenBank ,简称GB),通过向农民提供小额信贷的形式,有效地改变了孟加拉农村的贫困状况.经30年的发展,其运作模式已趋成熟.本文着眼于对"乡村银行"组织模式的分析,总结其成功经验和可借鉴之处.同时反思我国小额信贷组织的发展现状和不足,以期借鉴孟加拉的成功经验,使小额信贷组织在我国的新农村建设中能发挥相应的作用.     

农村小额信贷模式的或优选择

国外的小额信贷模式有:NGO、正规金融组织参与、金融机构+农户互助组织、国家小额信贷批发基金等。我国小额信贷借鉴了国外经验并结合扶贫项目发展起来。但存在诸多制约变量:代理机构、利率、信贷对象、政府作用、培训、贷款方式及特殊制度目标等,主要形态模式必须兼顾这些因素,或优选择是利用市场机制,以合作化的农村信用社与小额信贷合作金融组织为主体、多元参与的体系。政府应创造信用生态环境并尊重其经营权的完整性。     

内蒙古公益性小额信贷发展研究——以赤峰市昭乌达妇女可持续发展协会为例

本文以赤峰市昭乌达妇女可持续发展协会为例,通过调查公益性小额信贷组织的贷款客户满意度,分析其信贷业务发展的现状,发现存在组织内部管理不足、信贷产品有待改善、信贷服务有待提升等问题,并提出改进公益性小额信贷组织内部组织结构、提升服务质量、优化信贷产品设计,加大产品与农牧户需求的匹配度等相关建议.     

浅议我国农村小额信贷的问题与对策

如何向农村人口提供金融服务,是农村经济发展必须要解决的问题,也一直是各国政府面临的挑战.农村小额信贷的实践和发展为解决这一问题提供了全新的思路.但我国农村小额信贷的发展目前仍处于实验探索阶段,还面临着各种各样的风险和挑战.本文分析了农村小额信贷发展过程中的问题,并结合实际提出了大力拓展农村小额信贷的建议.     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。     

生物群落结构原型的仿生学模拟

模拟生命系统管理规律的科学即管理仿生学,是知识时代仿生学研究的新领域与前沿.基于模拟生物群落结构规律的研究目的,采用仿生学模拟的研究方法,以生物群落结构为原型,建立了仿生群落结构模型.结论为:垂直结构、水平结构、时间结构与交错区结构是支持生物群落生命活动的结构规律,以该规律为原型,推理建立了仿生分层结构、仿生优化结构、仿生动态结构与仿生相邻结构,四种仿生结构分别侧重于管理资源的分层管理、局部优化管理、动态过程管理、相邻关系管理,该模型为建立类似生物群落的人造管理系统即仿生群落管理系统提供了仿生结构模型.可以预测,该模型具有广泛的应用价值,能够推动管理仿生学的发展.