欧盟的技术法规体系及产品电磁兼容性法规

本文剖析了欧盟的技术法规体系的构成，并详细介绍了欧盟关于产品电磁兼容性要求的技术法规、标准和合格评定程序。     

欧盟食品植物技术法规

关于中国动物源性产品化学残留物监控计划及进口禁令： （1）对中国动物源性产品化学残留物监控计划的批准。     

欧盟技术法规体系初探

〈TBT协定〉中对技术法规的定义是规定产品特性或与其有关的工艺和生产方法、包括适用的管理规定并强制执行的技术文件;它们用于产品工艺进程或生产方法时,技术法规也可包括仅仅涉及术语、符号、包装或标签要求,技术法规具有强制性的特点使得其更能体现国家的意志.     

欧盟食品安全技术法规体系的产生、发展现状及展望

欧盟食品安全体系被誉为全球最为成功的食品安全体系之一,而欧盟健全的食品安全技术法规体系,成为整个欧盟食品安全体系建设的重要基石。本文深入研究了欧盟食品安全技术法规产生和发展的各个阶段,阐述欧盟食品安全立法的运作模式,分析了欧盟现行“从农场到餐桌”全过程的食品安全技术法规体系建设的重点和所发挥的作用,并对今后欧盟食品安全技术法规体系建设的重点做了展望。     

化学品新法规引发欧盟技术法规体系大地震

在可预见的将来,当REACH制度以欧盟法规的形式确立之后,必将在世界范围内对以化学工业为起点、延伸到各个工业部门的产业界带来难以估量的影响,并对全世界的货物贸易秩序带来巨大的冲击。     

欧盟REACH法规对我国进出口贸易的影响及对策分析

介绍了欧盟新的化学品政策(REACH法规),分析了REACH法规对于我国的影响,认为REACH法规实际上是技术贸易壁垒,对我国相关行业和企业影响面较大,提高了中国企业出口到欧盟的产品成本,降低了竞争力,提高了对欧盟出口产品的贸易风险。因此,我国应积极应对该法规,政府主管部门应发挥主导作用,行业协会应发挥组织协调作用,企业应采取措施积极主动应对,以求"破壁而入"。     

欧盟REACH法规对我国进出口贸易的影响及对策分析

介绍了欧盟新的化学品政策（REACH法规），分析了REACH法规对于我国的影响，认为REACH法规实际上是技术贸易壁垒，对我国相关行业和企业影响面较大，提高了中国企业出口到欧盟的产品成本，降低了竞争力，提高了对欧盟出口产品的贸易风险。因此，我国应积极应对该法规，政府主管部门应发挥主导作用，行业协会应发挥组织协调作用，企业应采取措施积极主动应对，以求“破壁而入”。     

关注《欧盟化妆品法规》

最新版的《欧盟化妆品法规》内容共15条款和9个附件。本文将从最新修改的《欧盟化妆品法规》76/768/EEC中值得我们注意和借鉴的方面作以下介绍:一《、欧盟化妆品法规》的立法宗旨《欧盟化妆品法规》76/768/EEC的立法宗旨:所有符合法规规定的产品应当有平等和快捷的通道进入市场     

欧盟实施新的建筑产品法规

欧盟建筑产品法规的实质性条款正式实施,所有进入到欧盟市场的建筑产品须提交性能声明。自2013年7月1日起,所有在欧盟市场上流通的建筑产品都须符合建筑产品法规     

中国-欧盟农产品贸易结构分析

本文运用多项指标系统描述了1995-2003年中国-欧盟农产品贸易结构的特征。相对贸易优势测算结果显示中国在动物产品、蔬菜水果和烟草等劳动密集型产品上的竞争优势有所减弱,而在茶类产品、水产品加工产品和蔬菜水果制品上的竞争优势趋于增强;贸易互补性在波动中增强;出口相似性指数表明双方在出口结构上存在较大的差异;贸易强度指数显示中国与原欧盟以及扩大后的欧盟在农产品贸易方面有很大的发展潜力。最后得出结论,中国应该发挥高附加值农产品的出口优势,扩大对欧盟的出口。     

欧盟在华直接投资对中国与欧盟贸易的影响

本文运用面板数据的方法,研究了欧盟在华直接投资对中国与欧盟贸易的影响,结论表明,欧盟在华直接投资促进了中国对欧盟各成员国的进出口贸易,但影响较小,影响中、欧贸易的主要因素是中国和欧盟各成员国的经济实力(GDP)。这表明欧盟在华投资企业的市场战略主要是针对中国广阔的国内市场的。文章最后部分对如何促进欧盟对华直接投资和扩大中、欧贸易提出了建议。     

欧盟国家低碳经济发展的经验及其启示

本文从低碳经济发展战略制定与低碳立法、财政税收、低碳技术研发、新能源等方面探讨了欧盟国家在低碳经济发展中的主要政策措施。我国在发展低碳经济方面面临着产业结构重型化、能耗高与技术水平低下等困难,需要在吸收国际经验的基础上,结合我国的特征制定适合我国国情的低碳经济战略规划,通过构建法律框架、建立财政税收体系、开发低碳技术、提高能源使用效率、树立低碳消费观念,共同推动我国碳排放的降低和经济发展模式的转换。     

欧盟绿色壁垒实施后我国电子行业构建闭环供应链研究

2003年欧盟颁布WEEE指令带来了有关人士对废弃电子产品循环再利用问题的讨论,为应对这一指令,我国电子制造业需遵循闭环供应链管理的思想,通过整个行业内供应商、制造商、零售商、以及产品回收商和再处理商等众多企业的相互合作来共同协作。为此,本文就电子行业面临壁垒可能带来的影响作了分析,提出了相应的建议—构建电子行业的闭环供应链。     

Negotiating in the European Union: Comparing Perceptions of Eu Negotiators in Small Member States

Negotiation is one of the major tasks of the 15 member states comprising the European Union (EU). However, not much is known about the behavior and perceptions of those negotiating on behalf of these member states. On the basis of the responses to a survey of EU diplomats and civil servants of the Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark, Ireland, and Portugal, an attempt has been made to develop a profile of "the" European Union Negotiator. The EU negotiator is less outspoken and more likely to compromise than an "ideal" profile of the diplomatic negotiator. While negotiators from these member states share important behavioral and attitudinal proclivities, they also differ in many significant ways. This healthy diversity of negotiating approaches is likely to be nurtured by the cooperative and synergistic atmosphere within the European Union.     

The contribution of granular and fundamental comparative advantage to European Union countries' export specialisation

This paper analyses the contribution of fundamental comparative advantage (a country-specific component) and granular comparative advantage (a firm-specific component) to European Union countries' export specialisation. We find that, on average, granular comparative advantage may explain export specialisation in 29% of industries, which account for 47% of total exports. We also show that 60% of the variation in export specialisation across countries and industries may be explained by granular comparative advantage. These results highlight that some outstanding firms may play a very important role in explaining European Union countries' export specialisation.     

Institutional changes within the European Union: How global cities and regional integration affect MNE entry decisions

This study focuses on institutional change as a determinant of entry mode. It examines the relationship between the choices of entry implemented by firms seeking cross-border corporate growth in Europe. In doing so it aims to understand how the evolution of Europe as a unified business environment and how the membership of the host country in the European Union affect this outcome. Additionally, it seeks to determine how other related aspects of economic geography, such as global cities, impact entry mode decisions. Overall, the results indicate that institutional changes in Europe, EU membership, and global cities all shape the governance choices of MNEs.     

European Union Import Quotas on Chinese Textile and Clothing Exports in 2005: A Panic-Driven Commission or Rational Explanations?

Based upon a narrative policy analysis, the aim of this paper is to answer two questions: (1) Why did the EU re-introduce import quotas on Chinese textile and clothing exports in 2005 after promising to lift them? (2) Why did the EU (partly) abolish these quotas a couple of months later? The rational choice inspired model put forward in this paper assumes that the EU’s political system is a partial asymmetrical political equilibrium in which decisions taken by decision makers are a product of a supply and demand. By using this model, it is explained how the lifting of quotas on Chinese textile and clothing exports to WTO members on 1 January, 2005 and the political situation surrounding the French referendum on the Constitutional Treaty on 29 May, 2005, constitute key events in the decision making process.     

论应对欧盟反倾销调查之举措——以广交会中欧企业调查分析为视角

在应对欧盟反倾销调查时,中国企业具有强烈的现实诉求,而这些诉求有的被不同程度地忽略了,或者没有引起足够的重视。针对欧盟频繁的反倾销调查,需要巧妙利用外交手段、加强国内产业结构的调整、提供有效的法律服务等,从根本上化解欧盟的反倾销调查。     

Fundamental Rights and the European Regulation of iConsumer Contracts

This paper addresses the question of how fundamental rights affect European legislation and adjudication on contracts regarding digital information services (iConsumer contracts). Fundamental rights may be seen as representing political choices for the protection of certain values in society, but at the same time, they are enacted rules of the legal system, which may be invoked to enforce the protection of the interests they represent. It is submitted that because of this double-faced nature, they can bring to the fore policy issues in contract legislation and case law. Fundamental rights can thus play a role in evaluating the policy choices that are being made in the review of the acquis communautaire in the field of consumer law. For iConsumer contracts, that means that the rights of consumers, authors, and suppliers of copyright-protected content affect the choice of rule-solutions on the European legislative level. Furthermore, these rights have an impact on the case law of the European Court of Justice in the field of e-commerce. Fundamental rights help define the various rule-solutions the Court can choose from and thus demarcate the law-making capacity of the judiciary.