企业财务管理与税务筹划研究

随着全面改革的不断深入,企业越来越重视财务管理工作,税务筹划作为财务管理的一部分,对于提高企业盈利能力和抵御市场风险都具有十分重要的意义。科学的税务筹划可以为企业节省一大笔开支,同时对企业财务管理也具有明显的促进作用。本文结合工作实际,对企业财务管理和税务筹划进行了详细论述,阐述了两者之间的关系,重点研究了企业税务筹划的流程与策略,对做好新形势下企业税务筹划提出了相关建议。     

企业财务管理与税务筹划研究

随着全面改革的不断深入,企业越来越重视财务管理工作,税务筹划作为财务管理的一部分,对于提高企业盈利能力和抵御市场风险都具有十分重要的意义。科学的税务筹划可以为企业节省一大笔开支,同时对企业财务管理也具有明显的促进作用。本文结合工作实际,对企业财务管理和税务筹划进行了详细论述,阐述了两者之间的关系,重点研究了企业税务筹划的流程与策略,对做好新形势下企业税务筹划提出了相关建议。     

会计政策选择在所得税税务筹划中的实施

税务筹划与会计政策密切相关,恰当的税务筹划不仅可以节约企业经营成本、提高盈利能力,对企业的发展潜力与竞争力也有着极大的促进作用.由于在不同境况下企业会计政策的可选择性,以及税务筹划中会计政策选择的运用具有成本低、可操作性强的特点,使得企业愈来愈重视采取会计政策选择进行税务筹划.税务筹划的关键对象是所得税,有着很多切入点.本文主要阐述固定资产折旧核算方法、存货计价方法和收入确认方法等常用的几种会计政策选择方法在所得税税务筹划中的运用.     

税收对企业投资决策的影响解析

为了加快经济市场的发展,顺应市场发展的趋势,我国政府和相关经济管理部门都加强了对市场经济体制和税务制度的改革,而这些改革对我国企业的发展和经营活动产生了巨大的影响。在现在竞争持续激化的市场背景下,税务制度和税收体系对我国各个行业领域公司的经营项目和投资活动的影响也越来越大,现在市场上大多数企业都纷纷聘请了相关税务专家、会计审计等专业优秀人才来从事公司的税务筹划和财务管理,并帮助公司投资项目做决策和筹划。下面本文就税收对现代企业投资项目决策的影响进行具体分析和探索。     

企业税务筹划的风险及规避策略

随着我国市场经济及现代企业的发展,税务筹划活动逐渐成为企业中一项重要的财务管理活动,能够有效提升企业的市场竞争力,在企业的生产经营活动中发挥着举足轻重的作用。然而,税务筹划给企业的经营管理带来了很大风险,为了使税务筹划能让企业取得合理的税收收益,我们必须有效防范税务筹划的风险。本文从企业的角度分析了税务筹划中的风险,并提出了合理规避风险的有效措施。     

纳税筹划在中小企业财务管理中的应用

纳税筹划是通过"节税"等手段实现企业利润最大化的一种经济活动。各种税金作为企业成本费用的主项之一,对企业的会计收益和企业目标的实现有着重要的影响。在市场经济运行机制下,税务筹划已成为现代企业财务管理的重要内容。本文旨在分析纳税筹划在中小企业财务管理中的应用,研究中小企业纳税筹划存在的问题,提出合理有效的解决方案。本文首先阐释了纳税筹划对于企业财务管理的重要意义,从企业经营活动中的筹资、投资、经营、利润分配四个层面分析了纳税筹划如何在财务管理中得到应用,并针对中小企业,提出了合理可行的具体纳税筹划策略。     

税务筹划在企业会计处理中的应用分析

随着社会经济的蓬勃发展,企业市场竞争日益激烈,如何降低企业成本的同时增加企业盈利,已经成为重要的研究课题.作为企业成本之一,企业税务直接影响到企业的利润,因此许多企业越来越关注会计处理中税务筹划的应用,希望通过实施税务筹划来减轻税务负担,实现最大化的税收资金收益,取得良好的成效.本文就对税务筹划在企业会计处理中的应用进行分析和探讨.     

新税法下的企业会计税务筹划探究

自2019年1月1日起我国开始实施营改增税收政策,这也标志着我国正式进入到新税法时期,新税法的颁布不仅意味着我国税收机制的不断突破与完善,也意味着企业的会计税务筹划工作会发生新的变化与要求。作为企业经营中较为重要的工作内容,在新税法环境下,企业必须要进一步完善会计税务筹划机制,只有这样才能够与时俱进,构建与新税法要求相一致的会计税务筹划体系,保证企业税务筹划工作的顺利实施。鉴于此,文章将深入探究,新税法下企业会计税务筹划中存在的问题与优化策略,仅供广大企业会计税务筹划工作参考。     

税务筹划与财务报告的冲突与协调

当前,随着市场经济的发展,会计相关准则和税法得到了一定程度的完善,但是同时二者之间依旧存在一定的差距,给企业的税务筹划提供了足够的空间。现代企业不仅要关注企业税务筹划给企业带来的经济效益,更要妥善处理税务筹划与财务报告之间的关系。本篇文章针对税务筹划和财务报告之间的关系,对企业税务筹划与财务报告的冲突和协调进行了深入的研究。     

税务筹划对企业财务管理的影响

伴随着我国市场经济和现代企业制度的不断完善与发展,税收作为国家进行市场调节的重要手段,也是企业开展经营活动过程中的重要组成部分,直接影响到企业经济效益的获得,企业应对生产经营活动事先规划和安排以合理地减轻税负,实现企业经济纳税的管理目标,因此需要做好会计核算中的税务筹划工作,以实现企业利益最大化.本文主要从税务筹划与企业财务管理的相关定义与关系出发,分析税务筹划的特点,探究税务筹划对企业财务管理的具体影响.     

Statement 133: Not Perfect, but a Step in the Right Direction

Statement 133 represents progress toward achieving the goals of GAAP. To the extent it requires companies to mark their derivatives to market, balance sheets will give investors a clearer, more complete picture of a company's assets and liabilities.
But if the fair value accounting prescribed by Statement 133 has provided clarity for investors about corporate derivatives positions, it has also forced some companies—those unable or unwilling to qualify for hedge accounting—to report more volatile earnings, causing the accounting rule to come under heavy criticism. As the author argues, however, such criticism is based on the misperception that the objective of GAAP income statements is to provide a "normalized" measure of financial performance—a single number that can be discounted or capitalized by analysts to arrive at a company's value. In fact, it is mainly the job of the analysts themselves, not accountants, to determine which elements of a company's income statement are recurring and central to the business.
What's more, the author argues that the FASB went too far when it allowed hedge accounting for forecasted transactions. Rather than expanding the use of hedge accounting, the FASB should promulgate a comprehensive fair value standard, one that aims to mark all corporate assets and liabilities to market—which would eliminate the need for hedge accounting or any of its associated complexity, and compensate for 133's dearth of disclosures.     

会计信息可比性与劳动收入份额北大核心

利用2006-2019年沪深A股数据,本文考察了会计信息可比性对企业劳动收入份额的影响。研究发现,会计信息可比性的增强显著提高了企业的劳动收入份额,表明会计信息质量的提高有助于员工更好地分享企业的发展成果。进一步研究结果表明,(1)降低资本成本及增大自主研发强度是会计信息可比性提高企业劳动收入份额的两大作用路径;(2)会计信息可比性的增强主要提高了普通雇员的劳动收入份额,对高管劳动收入份额的影响并不显著;(3)会计信息可比性对劳动收入份额的影响存在一定异质性,当企业自身融资约束程度较高、信息透明度较低,或可比公司的会计盈余质量较强时,会计信息可比性与劳动收入份额的正相关关系更强;(4)会计信息可比性通过提高劳动收入份额,提升了企业的价值创造能力。     

Structuring a tax efficient international operation

International taxation is rapidly increasing in importance in the U.S. business environment. As a student preparing for a career in public accounting or industry, it is vital that you have familiarity with key international tax issues. In this case, you will participate in a detailed tax-planning exercise involving a multinational corporation that is restructuring its tax operations. In the process, you will be exposed to a wide-ranging array of real-world tax issues: tax theory, source of income, transfer pricing, foreign tax credits, the foreign earned income exclusion and Subpart F income. The case also incorporates questions designed to help you explore the financial accounting implications of tax planning. The case consists of three tax modules and each module emphasizes two to three specific tax issues. Two of the modules also contain a subset of tax-related financial accounting questions. To complete the case successfully, you will be required to understand basic international tax theory, to engage in the tax research process and to apply your theoretical knowledge in analyzing complex business scenarios.     

Determinants of the Variability of Corporate Effective Tax Rates: Evidence from Romanian Listed Companies

In this paper, I investigate the determinants of firm-specific corporate tax rates for nonfinancial companies listed on the Bucharest Stock Exchange over a twelve-year period (2000-2011). Using a fixed effects panel data estimation model to account for individual firm heterogeneity, I find that capital intensity, leverage, and loss carry-forward provisions negatively affect corporate effective tax rates; company size and labor intensity have no effect; and profitability has a positive effect. Going beyond the deterministic investigation, the paper cannot provide evidence of tax-planning activities for the companies considered. Moreover, legal differences between financial and tax accounting related to provisions are found to have a positive effect on firm-specific effective tax rates.     

HOW TO FIX ACCOUNTING—MEASURE AND REPORT ECONOMIC PROFIT

Bending accounting rules has become so ingrained in our corporate culture that even ethical business leaders succumb to the temptation to “manage” their earnings in order to meet analysts' demands for smoothly rising results. The author of this article argues that such behavior reflects not a general decline in ethical standards so much as executives' growing sense that accounting itself has become “unhinged from value.” For example, clearly valuable expenditures on R&D, customer acquisition, and employee training are generally expensed immediately against earnings. And reported corporate income is often further reduced by provisions for losses that most companies never expect to incur, by “book” taxes they never expect to pay, and by depreciation charges on assets that are actually increasing in value. At the same time, the opportunity costs associated with employee stock options and the corporate use of equity capital are not reflected in the accountant's measure of profit. To improve the quality of corporate governance and revitalize the public's faith in reported earnings, the author proposes a complete overhaul of GAAP accounting to measure and report economic profit, or EVA. Stated in brief, the author's concept of economic profit begins with an older, but now seldom used, definition of accounting income known as “residual income,” and then proposes a series of additional adjustments to GAAP accounting that are designed to produce a reliable measure of a company's annual, sustainable cash‐generating capacity. Besides expensing the cost of equity capital as well as stock options, the author recommends bringing off‐balance‐sheet items such as pension assets and liabilities back onto the balance sheet, eliminating reserve accounting, capitalizing R&D and other expenditures on intangible assets, and recording economic rather than accounting depreciation. Such changes, by replacing the accountants' current flawed definition of earnings with a comprehensive new statement of value added, could restore investor confidence in financial statements. Even more important, managers would be less likely to pursue their now common practice of boosting earnings by making value‐reducing operating and investment decisions and more likely to use financial reporting not to mislead the market but as an opportunity to communicate relevant, forward‐looking information.     

Earnings management and firm valuation under asymmetric information

This paper seeks to provide an explanation for why corporate officers manage the disclosure of accounting information. We show that earnings management affects firm value when value-maximizing managers and investors are asymmetrically informed. In equilibrium, the strategic management of reported earnings influences investors' assessments of the market values of companies' shares.     

有效预警上市公司违规的递延所得税异动指标和人工智能模型

2000-2017年,3434家A股上市公司样本中的47.79%至少有一次违规记录,每年平均有17%的公司违规,而监管机构平均需要2.7年查证并通告违规行为。我们用当年数据构建递延所得税异动指标,可有效预判违规,并发现监管机构未能识别这一指标的警示作用,实际激励了违规公司通过操纵递延所得税提高财务指标以规避稽查。进一步构建决策树模型,对违规事件实现样本外精准判别。本文揭示了A股公司大面积违规而稽查过程冗长迟缓这一重要现象,并分析了违规机制,指出了所得税数据在稽查违规中可以发挥的预警作用,为监管者和投资者提供有效预警上市公司违规行为的新指标和方法。     

有效预警上市公司违规的递延所得税异动指标和人工智能模型

2000-2017年,3434家A股上市公司样本中的47.79%至少有一次违规记录,每年平均有17%的公司违规,而监管机构平均需要2.7年查证并通告违规行为。我们用当年数据构建递延所得税异动指标,可有效预判违规,并发现监管机构未能识别这一指标的警示作用,实际激励了违规公司通过操纵递延所得税提高财务指标以规避稽查。进一步构建决策树模型,对违规事件实现样本外精准判别。本文揭示了A股公司大面积违规而稽查过程冗长迟缓这一重要现象,并分析了违规机制,指出了所得税数据在稽查违规中可以发挥的预警作用,为监管者和投资者提供有效预警上市公司违规行为的新指标和方法。     

Optimal capital structure under corporate and personal taxation

In this paper, a model of corporate leverage choice is formulated in which corporate and differential personal taxes exist and supply side adjustments by firms enter into the determination of equilibrium relative prices of debt and equity. The presence of corporate tax shield substitutes for debt such as accounting depreciation, depletion allowances, and investment tax credits is shown to imply a market equilibrium in which each firm has a unique interior optimum leverage decision (with or without leverage-related costs). The optimal leverage model yields a number of interesting predictions regarding cross-sectional and time-series properties of firms' capital structures. Extant evidence bearing on these predictions is examined.     

Corporate governance and family firm performance during the Global Financial Crisis

We investigate the impact of corporate governance on accounting and market performance relationships of family firms during the Global Financial Crisis (GFC). We expect the monitoring aspects of corporate governance to complement the long-term orientation of family firms, improving the value relevance of accounting and market performance during times of exogenous financial shocks such as the GFC. We find that the family-firm value is more sensitive to book value than earnings changes. We also find better corporate governance, irrespective of whether it is a family firm or non-family firm, is associated with better accounting and market performance during the GFC.