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1.
This paper examines rates of return to schooling in Kazakhstan using OLS (Ordinary Least Squares) and instrumental variable (IV) methodologies. We use spouse's education and smoking as instruments. We find that spouse's education is a valid instrument and that conventional OLS estimates that assume the exogenous nature of schooling, and hence do not control for endogeneity bias, may underestimate the true rates of return. The results indicate that the returns to schooling in Kazakhstan have increased with transition. This may reflect the relative scarcities of highly educated people in Kazakhstan with human capital that employers require and, following the market reforms, reward accordingly. 相似文献
2.
Juan Yang 《Applied economics》2018,50(12):1309-1323
The findings on education expansion and income inequality have important implications for policymakers to implement effective policies to reduce income inequality. This study attempts to explain how education expansion affects income inequality by education distribution and the rate of return to education. We decompose the effect of education expansion on wage gaps into price effect and structure effect. We compare the income inequality from 2002 to 2013 using the Chinese Household Income Project (CHIP) 2002 and CHIP2013 survey data and employ FFL decomposition method. Our findings suggest that income inequality increased in 2013 and that income inequality among the high-income groups increased even more significantly. The structure effect of education expansion on income inequality is negative, when average education increases one year, the income gap between 80th and 20th will decrease 1.2%, in other words, education expansion decreases income inequality by allowing a wide range of individuals to attend college. However, this effect is offset by the price effect, which is positive and much more significant in magnitude. One extra year of average education will increase income gap by 29% which means that the demand for high-skilled labour is increasing faster than the supply and thus lead to the increasing premium for higher education return. 相似文献
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很多研究均发现女性的教育收益率显著高于男性。利用广西的调查数据,发现中国的教育收益率存在性别差异,女性的中等教育收益率高于男性,男性的高等教育收益率高于女性。进一步的分析表明,工资的性别歧视、就业的性别歧视以及中等教育效益的性别差异是导致中国教育收益率存在以上性别差异的主要原因。 相似文献
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对高等教育文凭信号的成本与收益进行了系统分析,界定了高等教育文凭信号的发送成本与收益的内涵,并利用货币计量法对高等教育文凭信号的收益率进行了测算。 相似文献
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《China Economic Journal》2013,6(2):165-175
Based on Chinese Households Income Projects in 2002, this paper discusses the relationship between the return to education and the quantiles of income distribution. The findings in this paper show that the return to education is lower for the higher quantiles, while the estimators also depend on the choice of control variables. The methodology of the quantile regression might be helpful in adjusting the ability bias in the estimation on return to education. The policy implications of the paper highlight the impact of the education expansion in boosting the income growth for those in lower quantiles. 相似文献
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获得科学和工程(SE)博士学位的高素质人才,历来是国际人才竞争的主要对象。基于多方面统计数据,对获得美国SE博士学位的中国留学生在美国滞留及回流中国的现状及趋势进行介绍和分析,得出:2008年金融危机后,美国对全球高层次人才的吸引力在总体上得到进一步增强;我国SE博士学位获得者滞留美国的比例有所下降,呈现出不同于日本、韩国、巴西等其他国家的情形。建议我国在制定下一阶段人才吸引政策时,着重关注尚处于职业发展初期的、年轻且仍然滞留海外的博士学位获得者。 相似文献
7.
Philip Lewis Anne Daly Don Fleming 《Economic Papers: A journal of applied economics and policy》2004,23(3):234-243
This paper considers the implications of the major changes in the labour market for economists over the past twenty years with respect to the private rate of return to investment in an Economics degree. The paper presents estimates based on Census data for 1986, 1991, 1996, and 2001, which show that the private rate of return to the degree has risen over time. Comparisons are made with two of the most likely alternative degrees, namely Business and Law. The results suggest that although students are less attracted to Economics degrees, these degrees have become financially more attractive, particularly relative to Business. 相似文献
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Gabriel-Eduard Vîlcu 《Applied economics letters》2018,25(2):106-110
In Appl. Econ. Lett. 18 (2011), 1777–1784, as a natural generalization of some famous production models with two inputs, C.A. Ioan and G. Ioan introduced a new class of production functions with constant return to scale, called sum production function, and proved three theorems of characterization for such production models. In this article, we give new and more simple proofs of these theorems, extending also the results to the case of increased/decreased return to scale. The generalization to the case of an arbitrary number of inputs is also discussed. 相似文献
10.
More than 10 years after the seminal paper by Borjas and Bratsberg (1996), modelling the impact of skills on remigration, the empirical evidence on that theory is still mixed. Our article is to shed light on that issue. Using the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) we test two hypotheses derived from Borjas and Bratsberg (1996) while allowing for endogeneity of host country-specific capital. Our results give strong support for their theory. Additionally a sensitivity analysis shows that the insignificance of education in previous studies is due to the test design conducted and cannot be interpreted as falsification of Borjas and Bratsberg's (1996) theory. 相似文献
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Roope Uusitalo 《The Scandinavian journal of economics》2002,104(1):69-85
This study addresses changes in the wage structure in Finland between 1977 and 1995, and provides a simple explanation based on the demand for and supply of skills. The single index model of Card and Lemieux (1996) is augmented by incorporating changes in the supply of skills. The augmented model adequately accounts for the changes in relative wages between groups of different education and experience, but does not capture the changes in the within-group distribution.
JEL classification : J 31 相似文献
JEL classification : J 31 相似文献
13.
精英教育的守望与理性回归 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分析了精英教育和大众教育的关系,阐述了在高等教育大众化时代精英教育的重要性,认为办好精英教育需要政府的大力支持,精英教育必须保持高度的选择性,以尽力维持精英型大学的水准,要建立一种能有效促使高等教育系统功能分化的制度。 相似文献
14.
The focus of this paper is on the evolution of the major macroeconomic variables of classical political economy and the contrast with their orthodox counterparts in the quest to identify the causes of the current crisis in the Greek economy. Our analysis shows that declining profitability past a certain point leads to a stagnant mass of real net profits that discourage investment and increase unemployment. More specifically, for the period 1970–2007 for which we have detailed data, we identify the so-called silent depression of the 1970s and early 1980s, the new golden age of accumulation during which the capitalization of the production process led to a rapidly growing productivity and with stagnant or slowly rising real wages increased the rate of surplus value to new heights. As a consequence, the rate of profit from the mid-1980s onwards displayed a mildly rising trend and remained at a much lower level than that of the early 1970s. The rate of profit starts to fall after 2007, the year of the onset of the (world) economic crisis, and this continues up to 2014. Our econometric analysis based on an ARDL model further shows that the incremental rate of return, a variable derived from, and therefore strictly related to the average rate of profit, constitutes a by far more concrete measure of profitability and, in combination with the real interest rate, shapes the process of capital accumulation. 相似文献
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本文推导了资本回报率的计算公式,从资本深化和技术进步的视角对资本回报率的变动进行了分解,发现影响资本回报率变动的主要因素有:乘数大小、资本深化和技术进步。利用1980—2009年数据计算了中国的资本回报率,估算了资本的边际产出弹性,并对资本回报率的变动进行了分解。实证研究发现,中国的资本回报率并没有随投资的增长而降低,资本深化虽然导致了资本回报率的降低,且乘数放大了这种效应,但技术进步却提高了资本的边际产出,从而使得中国的资本回报率处于一个稳定水平。 相似文献
17.
文章将高校按质量差异分成部属高校、省属高校及其他高校,利用倾向得分配对的方法估计教育质量回报的相关处理效应。研究发现,高校质量与个体获得的教育回报正相关,部属高校的回报最高,年均回报（ATE）约为185%,从大学总体回报来看,部属高校与其他高校之间的回报差异为163%,而与省属高校不存在显著差异。对于实际上大学的个体,不同类型高校之间的参与者处理效应(TT)均存在显著差异。通过对教育回报的性别差异比较,发现女性进入一流高校比男性的价值更大。 相似文献
18.
上市公司控制权转移与市场反应 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
国外有研究表明,控制权转移能给目标公司股东带来20%左右的超额收益率.本文通过考察我国1997-2003发生控制权转移的282个样本,发现控制权转移能给目标公司带来9%以上的累积超额收益率.而且,转移后变更行业、变更董事长或总经理、民营转给国有的样本转移时可获得的累积超额收益率甚至更高.最后,我们用多元回归模型进一步分析了累积超额收益率的影响因素,进一步证明行业变更、董事长或总经理变更、转移类型对控制权转移的市场反应有显著影响. 相似文献
19.
Kevin Davis 《Journal of Regulatory Economics》2006,29(1):103-122
Some access pricing regimes derive allowable cash flows to provide investors with an expectation of receiving a required real pre-(company) tax rate of return, with compensation for inflation built in via the allowable return of capital (depreciation). The required real pre-tax return is derived from nominal (or real) post-tax required returns. Techniques commonly used to transform post-tax into real pre-tax returns are biased, because they fail to capture accurately the characteristics of tax depreciation allowances. There is no general solution to this “transformation problem”, but alternative approaches can achieve the benefits prompting the use of a “real pre-tax” approach without suffering from this problem *I am grateful to the referee for valuable comments. 相似文献
20.
教育工资升水率的微观计量分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
文章运用现代微观计量经济学的分析方法,估计了我国大学教育的工资升水率。文章在研究中从选择偏差及异质性着手,论证了OLS与传统IV估计量的非一致性,进而采用了平均政策效应以弥补两者缺陷。研究结果表明,我国劳动力市场上大学教育的工资升水率已经比20世纪80年代与90年代有显著提高。 相似文献