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It is widely agreed that rules governing public procurement should be designed to achieve value for money. However, in the public works sector, ‘…?the good being procured is usually complex and hard to be exactly specified ex ante, …?[and] alterations to the original project might be needed after the contract is awarded. This may result in considerable discrepancies between the lowest winning bid and the actual costs that are incurred by the buyer’ (Bajari et al., 2006). There is now a wide body of literature focusing on cost escalation during the execution of contracts and their estimates reveal that it can be often quite large. This article is aimed at offering an empirical test of the determinants of adaptation costs in the public works procurement. Using a detailed data set on Italian public works contracts, we run an empirical analysis, grounded on the main conclusions reached in the literature, to test for the main drivers of adaptation costs. 相似文献
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Elisabetta Iossa Federico Biagi Paola Valbonesi 《Economics of Innovation and New Technology》2018,27(8):730-749
We discuss public procurement instruments for acquiring innovation, focusing on the European Pre-commercial Procurement, Procurement of Innovative Solutions and Innovation Partnerships. We analyse, in particular, how firms’ innovation incentives are affected by: (i) economies of scope and externalities between R&D and large-scale production; (ii) the degree of specificity of the innovation; (iii) the presence of Small and Medium Enterprises in the market and the level of market competition; (iv) the risk of market foreclosure and supplier lock-in. Our study contributes to the literature on incentives in demand-side innovation policy by tapping into the contractual design features and by offering relevant implications for academics and policy-makers. 相似文献
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1993年8月14日颁布的《国家公务员暂行条例》,将公务员职务分为领导职务和非领导职务两类。2006年1月1日施行的《中华人民共和国公务员法》,从法律层面上,再次明确了这一职务分类。“转非”是领导干部转任非领导职务的简称,随着中国干部人事制度改革和机构改革的深化,转为非领导职务的领导干部的人数,还会越来越庞大。如何管理好、使用好这些“转非”干部,已成为当前一个亟待解决的重要问题。 相似文献
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不完全合约与履约障碍——以订单农业为例 总被引:113,自引:0,他引:113
本文用不完全合约理论分析了我国农产品销售合约的问题 ,解释了我国农产品销售合约履约率低的内在原因———合约的不完全性 ,进而论述了产生于不同原因的两种具有本质区别的不完全性 :“通常意义上的”不完全性和“注定”不完全性 ,探讨了由此适用于这两种不完全性的不同解决方案和制度安排。对前一种情况 ,可以采取市场和行政、法律的手段 ;而对于后一种情况 ,经济学和法律均没有更好的解决方案。本文重点讨论了后一种合约的约因、缔约条件、履约失败和制度安排 ,并由此引出了由不完全合约所产生的对法律合约理论的进一步思考。本文还就合约双方的市场风险承担问题得出了一个重要的结论 :合约双方并非因为签约就将风险完全地转移给了另一方 ,在应该免责的情况下 ,合约双方应该共同承担市场风险。 相似文献
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公共事业市场化改革从法经济学的视角是公共事业管制者对原有管制合同的违约,其违约行为对在位公共事业企业造成的违约损害即搁置成本,而建立在效率基础上的搁置成本的补偿则是管制合同违约的损害救济,这一逻辑是搁置成本所引发的全部法经济学问题的核心.文章对中国电力市场改革中管制者与公共事业企业的关系进行法经济学的分析,并指出对于长期缺乏法律约束的中国公共事业管制者而言,合理的搁置成本处置将会约束管制者本身,并避免无约束的管制乱用. 相似文献
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本文利用2002—2008年《全国农产品成本收益资料汇编》中有关大中城市生猪大规模养殖模式的成本收益数据,采用DEA方法测算与分析了中国大中城市生猪大规模养殖模式的成本效率(包括技术效率与配置效率)。得到如下结论:我国大中城市生猪大规模养殖模式的成本效率的改进可以通过提高技术效率与配置效率实现;2001—2007年我国大中城市生猪大规模养殖模式的技术效率与配置效率都较高,且有不断提高的趋势;2001—2007年我国大中城市生猪大规模养殖模式的配置效率总体上低于技术效率。 相似文献
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Francisco Pinheiro Catalão Carlos Oliveira Cruz Joaquim Miranda Sarmento 《Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics》2023,94(1):241-272
There is growing concern regarding cost and time overruns in public projects. However, despite the extensive literature on the subject, there is relatively little research on the impact of time overruns on cost overruns. This study assesses whether larger time deviations can lead to larger cost deviations. Our hypothesis is that a project with a time overrun is more likely to also have a cost overrun. The authors used a sample of 208 projects in Portugal, with data collected from the Portuguese Court of Auditors. Using the data, a number of econometric models were developed: Ordinary Least Squares, Generalized Linear Model, Tobit, and Probit. The instrumented variables and structural equation modelling techniques were applied to address potential endogeneity in the data. The analysis was controlled for factors such as political, governance, economic, and project variables. The results suggest that larger time deviations are associated with larger cost deviations. The inference is that projects that take longer to complete also tend to suffer from cost overruns. 相似文献
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We empirically compare bids (i.e. prices) from temporary partnerships (TPs), that outsource part of the contract before the auction, and firms that outsource afterwards. Using a comprehensive dataset on procurement auctions for public works in Valle d’Aosta (Italy), we find that the timing of outsourcing affects the bids and the probability of winning the auction. Specifically, TPs bid closer to the payoff maximizing offer and are more likely to win. Hence, the price paid by the public buyer is lower. These results are supported by a simple theoretical setting showing that, by pre-committing to a TP, suppliers have a lower risk of being “held up” by subcontractors than firms that outsource part of the work after the bidding phase. Our results show the advantage for TPs of freely choosing partners, size and boundaries before the auction, highlighting their potential in fostering the effective participation in public procurement procedures of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). 相似文献
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The personal role of sub-national rulers is crucial for regional development in countries with weak institutions. This paper studies the impact of regional governors’ tenure in office and their local ties on procurement performance in Russia. To identify the causal effect, we construct instruments for governor’s tenure by exploiting the regional vote share of ruling party in past parliament elections. We find the evidence that governors who do not have pre-governing local ties in the region (outsiders) demonstrate predatory behaviour, compared to governors with local ties (insiders). Namely, governors-outsiders restrict the competition at awarding stage significantly more than governors-insiders. Moreover, for governors-outsiders this restriction becomes stronger with tenure in office, while governors-insiders do not demonstrate such negative tenure effect. We argue that this restriction of competition by governors-outsiders cannot be explained by the intention of better contracts execution: the delays in execution and the probability of contract termination either increase or keep stable with tenure for governors-outsiders and these outcomes decrease with tenure for governors-insiders. 相似文献
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深化政府预算绩效管理改革:问题、思路与对策 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
政府实行绩效管理的核心环节是绩效预算。从实际情况来看,我国政府预算不符合理财要求,财政悖论现象十分突出,财政支出效率亟待提高,预算办法不符合建立绩效预算要求,绩效评价机制有待于进一步完善,对政府评价资源整合力度有待于加强。从实际情况看,政府预算绩效管理改革宜采取流程再造,整体设计,积极试点,分步实施的推进思路,进一步做好预算资金编制环节的绩效管理工作,对财政支出进行流程再造,建立预算绩效管理总体框架,全面规划财政资金的绩效管理,以重点项目预算为突破口,建立规范的项目绩效预算,切实整合政府资源,提高评价结果的公信力,改革和完善与公共财政建设相配套的其他制度。 相似文献
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Sustainability is a complex multidimensional concept that entails economic, environmental, and social aspects. The sustainable value (SV) method developed by F. Figge and T. Hahn [Ecol. Econ. 48(2004) 173-187] is one of the most promising attempts to measure sustainability performance of firms. SV measures corporate contributions to sustainability by valuing resource use based on the opportunity cost, which must be estimated. This paper critically examines Figge and Hahn's estimator for opportunity cost, and shows that the proposed estimator rests on a number of strong, unrealistic assumptions. Evidence from Monte Carlo simulations conducted by authors shows that the proposed estimator performs very poorly even under ideal conditions. Having identified shortcomings in the SV method, we review some econometric approaches with a proven statistical foundation, which might be usefully applied in the present context. 相似文献
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基于DEA理论的基本公共服务均等化指标体系构建及效率评价 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
基本公共服务均等化是社会主义和谐社会建设的基础,对其进行指标化评价研究具有重要价值。运用DEA理论建立了基本公共服务均等化投入与产出指标体系,并以江苏省2003年至2008年数据为例进行了实证分析。结果表明,并非随着时间推移,基本公共服务均等化的投入产出效率越高,需要具体分析各指标的影响因素,以进一步推进基本公共服务均等化。 相似文献
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洪结银 《生态经济(学术版)》2011,(9)
经验证据表明,很多国家都很难严格执行既定的气候政策。从理论上证明追求社会福利最大化的政府在经济剩余、政府税收收入和碳排放的负外部性等多重目标约束条件下,实施碳税政策时会产生时间不一致现象。结果表明,即使考虑到公共资金的边际成本,由于企业投资的不可逆转性和沉淀性,相对社会最优而言政府也会在事后降低碳税率,导致更多的能源消费和更多的碳排放。为克服时间不一致问题带来的效率损失,建议政府应建立独立的碳排放管制机构,对碳税政策做出可置信的承诺,改变电源结构,鼓励减排技术的投资,完善碳交易市场。 相似文献
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文章提出对于能带来一定程度固定收益的林木类型,在计量其林木损失额时必须要考虑资金时间价值损失的问题,进一步提出以“滞延费”表示林木的资金时间价值损失额。运用资金时间价值原理,结合森林资源资产评估中的收益现值法和重置成本法,分别提出用材林和经济林滞延费的计算公式。此外,结合北京地区实际情况,对计算公式中涉及的主要因素如预期收益、实际造林成本损失额的计算方法,以及主伐时间、林分单位面积年生长量、平均出材率、单位面积实际造林成本、物价指数年增长率、经济寿命等主要参数的计算与确定进行了阐述与说明。 相似文献
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基于产业经营绩效和创新产出绩效两个视角,运用投入导向的规模报酬不变(CRS)的DEA模型和超效率方法,对西部12个省、市、区资源型产业R&D的效率进行实证分析。结果表明,在现有的产出水平下,各个省、市、区资源型产业R&D投入效率较低;各个省、市、区相同资源型产业研发实力和研发管理效率以及研发成果产生的经营绩效上的差异导致同一产业R&D投入产生不同的贡献度,这其中研发成果产生的经营绩效差异性是主要原因。 相似文献