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1.
近年来,中国大豆进口量急剧增长,且进口来源集中度越来越高,市场结构的变化对中国大豆进口的影响已经成为大家关注的焦点。本文通过修正测定市场垄断力的常用指标——勒纳指数以及构建计量模型,实证分析了国际垄断对中国大豆进口的影响。研究结果表明:美国对中国大豆进口始终存在卖方垄断,但随着大豆进口交易费用的下降,其市场垄断力逐渐减弱;巴西仅在中国大豆进口交易费用较高时存在卖方垄断;阿根廷对中国大豆进口不存在卖方垄断。在此分析的基础上,本文提出中国在大豆进口中应对国际垄断的政策建议。 相似文献
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Based on profit-maximizing behaviour, the usual interpretation of the Lerner index is that a zero value reflects competitive behaviour, while a positive value is associated with market power. We investigate to what extent the usual interpretation of the Lerner index remains valid in a setting where firms do not pursue profit maximization, but instead maximize revenues subject to a minimum-profit constraint. We show that a positive Lerner index still indicates market power, but that the magnitude of a positive Lerner index can no longer be used to determine how much market power there is. Furthermore, extra information would be required to draw conclusions about the presence or absence of market power when the Lerner index is zero or negative. We discuss the empirical implications of our results. 相似文献
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中国银行业市场竞争程度及其顺周期性——以勒纳指数为衡量指标的重新考察 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
准确判断中国银行业市场竞争程度及其特点,对于把握中国银行业改革方向以及金融安全问题有着重要意义.文章首次以勒纳指数为衡量指标,运用新实证产业组织理论对中国银行业1994-2006年市场竞争程度进行研究.结果表明:中国银行业在1994年到亚洲金融危机前处于高度竞争状态,危机后到入世前市场竞争程度下降,入世后市场竞争程度有显著加强.市场竞争程度存在明显的顺经济周期特点,中国应密切关注银行信贷竞争的顺周期性以确保宏观经济的稳定运行. 相似文献
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This study investigates the relationship between competition and the risk-taking attitude of banks. We test how this relationship manifests in the Sub-Saharan African(SSA) region’s commercial banks in light of the competition-fragility view, using the generalized methods of moments. We studied 440 commercial banks in 37 SSA countries over the period 2006–2015. The results provide evidence that supports a positive relationship between competition and banks’ overall risk as well as their credit risk but suggests that off-balance sheet risk reduces with competition. We, therefore, conclude that the propensity to undertake higher risk in a competitive banking environment largely accounts for fragility as argued in the competition-fragility view. 相似文献
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This paper investigates the competitive conditions in the Greek manufacturing industry, estimates the net and the total welfare losses due to the possible existence of market power and investigates factors affecting the market power at sectoral level and over time. The bootstrap method is applied to assign measures of accuracy to the statistical estimates. The empirical results imply the presence of imperfect competition in the Greek manufacturing industry and the existence of welfare losses. Furthermore, the findings indicate that labor intensity, the sector size and the openness influence the market power at the sectoral level and labor intensity, while the number of firms and the openness affect the market power over time. 相似文献
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生产服务业与制造业互动研究述评 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文按生产服务业与制造业互动研究的框架,从生产服务业与制造业在宏观、产业和企业3个层面产生的互动及互动机制两方面对相关研究成果进行评述,梳理出相关研究的主要结论,阐明了相关研究的启示及未来的研究方向。 相似文献
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信息产业的区位因素分析 总被引:23,自引:1,他引:23
本文以当今席卷全球的信息革命、经济全球化和新国际分工为背景,从传统区位理论在解释信息产业区位时所面临的问题入手,分析了影响信息产业区位的主要因素。 相似文献
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选取1978—2013年中国的年度数据、1960—2015年美国的年度数据,运用向量自回归模型对中美两国的生产性服务业、制造业与经济增长的动态关系进行模拟和分析。研究结果表明:美国生产性服务业的发展对制造业发展和经济增长的短期效应比中国要强,且作用时间更快;中国的经济增长对生产性服务业发展的短期效应强于美国,且减弱速度更为缓慢;生产性服务业和制造业自身的发展是影响制造业发展的最主要因素;生产性服务业的发展是影响其自身发展和经济增长的最主要因素。 相似文献
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Qingshan Zhang Wei Xu 《中国经济评论(英文版)》2005,4(4):22-26
In the 20th century, manufacturing industries created a great amount of wealth for mankind, but they also caused the serious environmental pollution. Therefore, the implementation of green manufacturing will be imperative for manufacturing industries in the 21st century. The philosophy of sustainable development is necessarily and importantly used in the enterprise survival and progress. So, the green manufacturing prevails in the whole world, which appeals to the research from lots of experts and governments. However, how we can assess the green degree of the product becomes a significant problem to us. From the sustainable development view, it is pointed out in this paper how an enterprise can properly assess the green degree of the green products, which uses different indexes to measure the different influence. 相似文献
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This paper studies the degree of the exchange rate pass-through (ERPT) to import and consumer prices in China with both the ratio of China’s imports to GDP and domestic prices of China’s main trade partners going up. Statistic results show that the degree of ERPT is somehow less than the degree of marginal cost plus mark-up pass-through of exporters, and econometric analyses reach the same conclusion. Besides, the ERPT to import prices is found to be high while the ERPT to CPI is low owing to some factors that obstruct the import prices pass-through channel to domestic CPI. But this situation has been changing significantly since August 2005. Thus, a more flexible exchange rate system is needed for China to absorb the price shock from aboard efficiently. 相似文献
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The purpose of this article is to test for the Random Walk Hypothesis (RWH) for seven stock markets in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, and to determine the effect of the correction for thin trading. Three new multiple variance ratio tests are applied to both observed returns and returns corrected for thin trading. It is found overall that the RWH does not hold for the GCC stock markets at both daily and weekly frequencies. This evidence is particularly strong when daily returns are used, where the RWH is soundly rejected for both observed and corrected returns. 相似文献
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Numerous empirical studies use the price-cost-margin-based Lerner Index (LI) to assess the general market power of banks. A common procedure within those LI applications is to approximate the market price required for the LI measurement as the ratio of a bank’s total revenues to total assets. We discuss the major flaws of this aggregated procedure and propose an adjusted (i.e. business segment-orientated) LI approach, which is then applied to assess the market power of banks in the specific lending business at the country level. Our empirical study is based on an original data set containing all interest-related categories (weighted by the respective loan as well as deposit volumes) in the countries of the European Monetary Union zone (EMU) from 2003 to 2013. Our results reveal that the country-specific market power of banks in the lending business has been substantially underestimated in previous studies based on aggregated outputs. For example, averaged across the five most important economies in the EMU, we detect a calibration factor of four. Our findings corroborate the economic notion that the interest-bearing lending business is a more locally separated, and thus profitable, segment in which competition is attenuated. 相似文献
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我国各省市金融垄断程度判断——基于金融勒纳指数的分析 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
文章以勒纳指数作为衡量指标,对中国各省市金融市场垄断程度的差异进行实证研究,认为虽然经过多年的市场经济建设,但中国金融业整体上仍然表现出明显的垄断特征.各省市的金融市场垄断程度具有明显的不平衡性,且与各自经济发展水平呈负相关关系,即在经济发展水平较高的省市金融垄断程度较低,反之则金融垄断程度高.这表明金融作为现代经济的核心,中国的金融市场化改革能够显著推动经济的发展.文章建议可以从加速市场开放、打破地区封锁和资源配置的效率导向等方面加以完善,以降低因金融市场垄断而造成的社会福利损失. 相似文献
14.
我国房地产市场垄断程度研究--勒纳指数的测算 总被引:30,自引:1,他引:30
房地产市场的一个重要性质就是竞争的不完全性和垄断力量的存在.勒纳指数是衡量市场垄断程度的一个重要的指标.本文分别针对我国和各省(市、区)的面板数据、各年截面数据以及我国和各省(市、区)的时间序列数据等样本,对房地产市场的勒纳指数(即市场的垄断程度)进行了测算.结果表明,我国房地产市场的垄断程度相当严重;虽然随着市场经济进程的深入和经济的发展,房地产市场的竞争状况逐渐好转,但这一过程非常缓慢;为了确保房地产市场的长期健康发展和居民福利的提高,今后政府应将促进房地产市场竞争作一项基本的方针政策. 相似文献
15.
This study applies recently developed bootstrap panel Granger causality, proposed by Kónya, to investigate a causal link between economic policy uncertainty and stock markets in nine countries over monthly periods from 2003M01 to 2014M12 (Kónya (2006) Exports and growth: Granger causality analysis on OECD countries with a panel data approach. Economic Modelling, 23, 978–992). The modeling allows us to examine both the cross-sectional dependency and the country-specific heterogeneity. The empirical results indicate that not all countries are alike, and that the theoretical prediction that stock markets fall at the announcement of a policy change is not always supported. Specifically, this work finds evidence of the stock market leading hypothesis for India, Italy, and Spain, while the economic policy uncertainty leading hypothesis cannot be rejected for the United Kingdom. In addition, the neutrality hypothesis was supported in the remaining countries (Canada, China, France, Germany and the United States), while the feedback hypothesis, however, is not found. The findings of this study could provide important policy implications for these nine countries. 相似文献
16.
出口、产业结构和生产率变动:来自制造业与生产者服务业的证据 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
经济转型需要生产和就业结构的根本改变。生产率提高带来资源尤其是劳动力资源的优化配置。然而,这种优化配置的出现在不同行业具有不同的特点,并且其影响因素也各不相同。本文利用2001-2007年的数据采用份额转换方法测定了制造业和生产者服务业的生产率变化以及劳动力资源的配置变化,然后,从多个层面分析了出口等因素对制造业和生产者服务业的影响,其中出口对资源配置的影响在中、高技术的制造业和生产者服务业中有较积极的影响。 相似文献
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The study adds to the existing literature on the relationship between output and unemployment by using a sectoral specification of Okun’s Law to capture the differential sensitivity of the unemployment rate to output developments in the services and manufacturing sectors. Using quarterly data for the period between 2000 and 2012, we show that Malta’s unemployment rate has been more sensitive to output developments in the services sector than to those in the manufacturing sector. We use different equation specifications and the youth unemployment rate to show that the impact resulting from developments in the manufacturing sector occurs mainly via lay-offs while developments in the services sector affect the unemployment rate via the hiring of new entrants into the labour market. 相似文献
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将生产性服务业的集聚作用划分为集聚效应和与其他产业的协同集聚效应,利用中国252个城市2005-2012年的面板数据,重点探索基于生产性服务业的产业协同集聚对经济增长和工业利润率提高的作用。结果发现:生产性服务业与制造业的协同集聚效应明显,对于经济增长有正向促进作用;但与其他服务业的协同集聚效应在现阶段经济增长的作用未能显现。针对提升生产性服务业与其他服务业的协同集聚效应,提出推进生产性服务业发展的对策建议。 相似文献