适宜技术、人力资本与区域知识溢出——基于1995—2009年中国省际面板数据的实证分析

采用1995—2009年中国28个省(自治区、直辖市)的面板数据,运用基于数据包络分析的Malmquist生产率指数法,实证检验了适宜技术、人力资本对地区知识溢出和TFP的影响。研究结果表明:人力资本、省际R&D资本溢出和国际R&D资本溢出都是影响地区TFP的重要因素;人力资本除了可直接影响地区TFP外,还可通过对来自省际、国际进出口、FDI和ODI渠道的知识溢出发挥"同化器"作用来间接影响的地区TFP;人力资本对知识溢出具有"同化器"作用,但在不同的适宜技术下人力资本的影响机制和作用路径不同。     

航空工业品进口贸易技术溢出效应的实证研究

自新贸易理论产生以来,进口贸易作为国际R＆D溢出的重要物化渠道已得到广泛共识。在已有研究成果基础上,将进口贸易技术溢出理论运用到中国高技术产业重要构成的航空工业,选取1995—2011时序数据,基于Malmquist生产率指数构造进口贸易技术溢出的FFG模型,运用DEAP2.1和Stata11.0软件对其进行实证检验。回归结果显示,通过进口溢出的国外R＆D资本存量系数显著为正,取值范围介于0.419~0.908。在此基础上提出对策建议,以期充分利用技术溢出效应。     

INTERNATIONAL RELOCATION OF PRODUCTION: WHERE DO FIRMS GO?

The flexible relocation of capacity across countries by multinational enterprises has become an important source of concern. Using a unique sample of relocating firms in Belgium, we find that wages and market potential of host regions are important determinants for the location choice. Considering firm characteristics, we show that large firms have a higher propensity to relocate to remote countries. Public aid only plays a decisive role in the investment decision for relocations to adjacent countries, suggesting a potential harmful role in distorting competition. More proactive policies in line with changing comparative location advantages should be implemented to accommodate relocations.     

FDI技术溢出渠道与中国制造业生产率增长研究:基于面板数据的分析

This paper analyses total factor productivity (TFP) of China’s manufacturing sector and its decomposed indexes, i.e., technological progress and technological efficiency by employing Malmquist productivity index based on the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach. Using panel data of domestic manufacturing sector in China from 2000 to 2005, we estimate the influences of horizontal and vertical linkages on TFP and its decomposition indexes by controlling R&D and exports indexes of domestic manufacturing sector. The empirical results show that R&D and exports have a positive effect on TFP and that FDI inflows lead to positive spillovers significantly in general mainly through technological progress resulting from backward linkages; however, forward linkages have no technology spillover effect while horizontal linkages promote TFP through technological efficiency which has quite different influencing modes compared to that of backward and forward linkages. The grouping regression results also show that FDI technology spillovers have different conductive mechanisms under different technological levels, industry concentrations and export dependency indexes. Translated and Revised from Shijie Jingji 世界经济 (The Journal of World Economy), 2008, (8): 20–31     

Analysis about the Factors of Foreign Direct Investment Infiowing in Hunan Province

通过计量经济学方法对1993—2010年湖南省外商直接投资流入动因进行了分析。结果显示,劳动力成本、第三产业比重、聚集效应、市场规模和交通运输水平是正面影响湖南省吸收外商直接投资的因素。其中,第三产业比重、聚集效应及劳动力成本的正向影响应是＂十二五＂期间湖南省计划大力引进外资值得关注的重点。     

湖南省外商直接投资流入动因的实证分析

通过计量经济学方法对1993—2010年湖南省外商直接投资流入动因进行了分析。结果显示,劳动力成本、第三产业比重、聚集效应、市场规模和交通运输水平是正面影响湖南省吸收外商直接投资的因素。其中,第三产业比重、聚集效应及劳动力成本的正向影响应是"十二五"期间湖南省计划大力引进外资值得关注的重点。     

Circularity of the Malmquist productivity index

The geometric mean version of the Malmquist productivity index does not satisfy the circular test, and its component adjacent period indexes can give different productivity change measures for the same data. A fixed-base version of the index solves both problems, but it is not independent of the base period. It has been argued that time-neutrality of technical change is necessary and sufficient for all three properties to hold. We show that time-neutrality is sufficient, but not necessary, for all three properties. We develop a weaker version of time-neutrality that is necessary and sufficient for all three properties to hold. We thank a very perceptive referee for helpful comments, although content remains our responsibility. A longer working paper is available on request.     

A Luenberger-Hicks-Moorsteen productivity indicator: its relation to the Hicks-Moorsteen productivity index and the Luenberger productivity indicator

Summary. Introducing a new difference-based Luenberger-Hicks-Moorsteen productivity indicator, this contribution establishes theoretically its relations with some existing ratio- and difference-based productivity indexes and indicators. The first main result is an approximation proposition stating that the logarithm of the Hicks-Moorsteen productivity index is about equal to the Luenberger-Hicks-Moorsteen productivity indicator. Secondly, we also establish the specific conditions under which the Luenberger-Hicks-Moorsteen indicator equals the recently introduced Luenberger indicator and compare these to the conditions governing the relations between ratio-based Hicks-Moorsteen and Malmquist indices.Received: 2 May 2002, Revised: 19 May 2003, JEL Classification Numbers: C43, D21, D24.We are grateful for the most constructive remarks of a referee. Obviously, the authors remain solely responsible for any residual shortcomings. Correspondence to: W. Briec     

中国商业银行全要素生产率及其影响因素的实证研究——基于DEA的Malmquist生产率指数法

利用2004—2009年我国15家商业银行的面板数据,运用基于DEA的Malmquist生产率指数法,测算了商业银行的Malmquist生产率指数及其分解指数。结果显示:我国商业银行的全要素生产率整体呈下降趋势,其中,技术进步指数的下降幅度较大,纯技术效率变化指数和规模效率变化指数略有升高。在此基础上,对影响我国商业银行全要素生产率的因素进行了分析。实证结果表明:进出口总额和货币供应量增长率对我国商业银行全要素生产率的提升有正向作用,国内生产总值和全社会固定资产投资有显著的负向作用。     

我国建筑业内外资企业效率差异及其收敛趋势研究

本文以我国内外资建筑企业为研究对象,利用基于DEA模型的Malmquist指数方法,比较内外资建筑企业全要素生产率的变动趋势和区域差异,对内外资建筑企业全要素生产率的收敛和发散趋势进行了检验。结果证实,我国建筑业全要素生产率总体呈上升态势,无论是内资还是外资建筑企业均呈现出收敛趋势,但从东、中、西部的检验结果来看,仅西部地区建筑业全要素生产率的收敛趋势通过了验证。     

Productivity change of Portuguese municipalities after local reforms

This article examines the impact of the reforms introduced in the structure of the Portuguese local administration after the bailout agreement in 2011 on the efficiency and productivity of municipalities. In order to determine a measure of productivity change, we apply the global Malmquist productivity index to assess the performance of the 278 Portuguese mainland municipalities for the recent 6-year period 2009–2014. The overall results reveal that there was a decrease in the global productivity until 2013 followed by a notable increase in 2014 basically due to technological changes, thus it seems that the reforms have had a positive effect on the productivity of municipalities.     

中国保险业全要素生产率研究

基于非参数的Malmquist指数方法,本文对我国1999～2006年间保险业的全要素生产率变化状况进行了动态分析,针对众多的研究方法都存在决策单元规模报酬不变假定,以及决策单元向生产前沿面逼近路径只能选择径向,即仅考虑投入或产出变化情况的缺陷,本文提出修正的Malmquist指数模型.实证发现,中国保险业全要素生产率在1999～2006年问有所提高,其中"追赶效应"较为明显而"增长效应"还未完全显现,这说明保险机构更加注重提高自身技术效率水平而非创新能力提高生产的有效性,依然没有处理好效率进步与技术进步的关系,保险机构需要进一步提升技术创新的能力.     

中国主要旅游公司运营动态效率探析

选取中国旅游业中的10家上市公司为代表,将其2005-2008年的经营数据作为指标值进行DEA计算,分析各公司的技术效率、纯技术效率、规模效率、投入与产出松弛量以及Malmquist生产力指数可以发现,旅游业上市公司的综合效率不高,并且在效率上存在显著差异。应从提高现有资源的利用效率、加强现有资源的管理等方面提高中国旅游业的经营效率,实现产出的最大化。     

Technology diffusion,spatial effects and productivity growth in the Chinese provinces

This paper investigates spatial spillover effects of productivity in China. We set up a model in which a Chinese province achieves productivity growth by taking advantage of productivity spillovers from the world frontier and from other Chinese provinces. By using fixed effects and GMM panel data methods, we show that productivity growth in an inland province in China can be partly attributed to productivity spillover effects of other provinces. We also show that provincial human capital plays an important role in determining the magnitude of these spillover effects.     

科技投入对长三角能源效率的影响评价——基于动态Malmquist生产率指数的实证研究

以1999-2009年数据为样本,先采用基于投入型Malmquist生产率指数法对上海市、江苏省和浙江省三省市的能源效率进行测算,然后采用面板数据进行回归分析,考察科技投入对能源效率的影响.结果表明:(1)江浙沪近11年的能源效率并没有明显提高,技术进步率下降是能源效率降低的内在原因;(2)科技投入对能源效率影响显著,可通过扩大科技资金投入、进行技术改造、技术创新等方式提高能源效率,促进长三角地区低碳经济的快速发展.     

西部地区生态效率测度及动态分析——基于2000-2010年省际数据

本文尝试以西部地区为研究对象,利用改进的DEA模型,对西部地区2000-2010年的生态效率进行测度,并在此基础上,进一步利用Malmquist指数做动态分析。结果表明,自西部大开发以来,整个西部地区生态效率的均值小于1,未达到最有效的生产前沿,但跨期呈波动上升趋势;省际在效率水平和冗余率两方面存在明显差异;能源的消耗和工业“三废”等污染物的排放是影响非生产前沿面地区生态效率的主要因素;西部地区生态效率提升主要得益于技术进步的贡献,而纯技术效率的贡献不显著,规模效率的贡献为负。     

中国农业全要素生产率的变动趋势及区域差异——基于1978～2008年曼奎斯特指数分析

使用1978～2008年省域面板数据,运用非参数曼奎斯特(Malmquist)生产率指数模型测算了中国农业全要素生产率的变动指数,并分析了全要素生产率(TFP)的时空差异。结果表明:全国、三大地区及绝大多数省份农业TFP的增长主要属于技术进步型的增长;全国及三大地区农业TFP增长呈现出明显的波动特征;农业TFP增长呈现出显著的区域间和区域内省际间的不平衡;农业技术效率的下滑制约全国及三大地区农业TFP的增长,而农业技术效率下滑是纯技术效率损失和规模效率下降共同作用的结果。