财务信息质量研究——基于公司财务治理的视角

对公司财务治理命题的研究需要分别从财务信息质量和财权配置两条线索展开。财权配置是财务治理的核心,财务信息质量则是财务治理的表象和着眼点。文章以真实性或可靠性为财务信息质量衡量的标准,对财务信息生成、呈报和披露各环节的质量监控和衡量提出见解,并推荐了无干扰研究方法在财务信息衡量中的应用,即依靠现有的文本和数据进行分析,使用各种替代变量来反映财务报告信息含量的质量;同时对表内项目与表外相关项目、会计指标与经营指标之间、价值量与实物量的关系也要注意考证。     

Nudging toward diversity in the boardroom: A systematic literature review of board diversity of financial institutions

Going beyond the mere gender diversity in the boardroom, this systematic review comprehensively covers the research on board diversity of financial institutions. More specifically, we cover gender diversity, as well as other characteristics of diversity, such as nationality, age, tenure, experience, education, ethnicity, and religion. A systematic literature review was employed using Scopus and Web of Science databases, covering all publications until May 2020, which resulted in 91 studies from 66 top-ranked journals in accounting, finance, and economic fields. We analyze them based on the journal, methodology, research construct questions, and theoretical perspectives. Our results highlight the substantial knowledge gaps and the inconsistent findings of prior studies on several aspects of the field, suggesting avenues for further studies in terms of research designs, settings, scope, and theories. We argue that there is a need to explore other board diversity attributes rather than focusing on the gender diversity of the boards of financial institutions to achieve sustainable development. Also, more work is outlined on topics related to board diversity of financial firms that receive limited attention from scholars, such as (but not limited to) environmental performance, capital structure, intellectual capital, innovation and earnings quality of financial institutions, as well as the indirect effect of policy settings.     

财会“主体”类型及其关系

基于会计主体假设中对会计主体的质疑、财务主体研究中对财务主体的争议,理财主体假设中理财主体的悄然出现,分析了财会主体的三个类型及其三者之间的交叉关系和主客体关系。     

基于对企业财务管理的实践研究

企业财务管理的内涵将随市场变化而变化,其核心是对财务总体的管理。加强会计队伍建设,提高财会人员的素质;当好财务管理参谋,把好企业投资决策关;充分发挥财务会计监督作用,确保企业资产保值增值;严格执行并强化实施内部管理制度等是企业财务管理的研究方向。     

Power of sustainable development: Does environmental management system certification affect a firm's access to finance?

Although prior research generated inconclusive findings between a firm's environmental management system and firm financial performance, attention to resolve this inconsistency by examining the internal channels is limited. Thus, this study focuses on a firm's access to finance and investigates whether a firm's environmental management system certification (EMS) leads to better access to finance. Based on the organizational legitimacy perspective, we hypothesize that this certification will benefit a firm with stakeholder approval and support and consequently alleviate its financial capital constraints. We further posit that the proposed relationship will be moderated by three types of legitimacy environments pertaining to how stakeholders and investors make the judgment on the environmental management system certification. We document that the proposed relationship, that is, the positive relationship between environmental management system certification and access to finance, will be stronger when the government attaches larger importance to environmental protection (regulative legitimacy), better environmental record (moral legitimacy), and better financial position (pragmatic legitimacy). Empirical analyses provide strong corroborating evidence for our predictions. These findings have important theoretical and managerial implications that are well discussed in this study.     

西方财务会计经验研究综述

财务会计研究发展演进的历史,是一部多种研究流派相互竞争,从而实现转化或者融合的进化史。进入20世纪70年代,经验会计研究逐渐发展起来,成为西方财务会计研究的主流。本文将对西方财务会计经验研究进行回顾,涵括市场基础会计研究和行为会计研究两大分支,并将实证会计理论作为其中的一种特殊极端形式进行简单介绍。     

Bilanzwirksamkeit und -unwirksamkeit von Leasingverhältnissen aus Sicht der empirischen Forschung

This paper presents the development and status of empirical research on the question of on- versus off-balance-sheet accounting for leases and examines the implications for the currently debated reform of IFRS and US-GAAP lease-accounting. Research findings show that off-balance-sheet leases (operating leases) affect the economic situation of lessees substantially, especially in lease-intensive industries. Substitution and capital structure effects, especially during the introduction of partial on-balance-sheet accounting for (finance) leases in the 1970s and 1980s, indicate that lessees prefer the off-balance-sheet treatment. Studies addressing the main users of financial statements also demonstrate a differentiated perception of operating and finance leases. However, these differences seem to vanish if users are more professional. So, markets’ perception is not distorted by operating leases per se and there seems to be no sufficiently compelling case for the current lease accounting reform.     

The Impact of Financial Reporting Regulation on the Market Valuation of Reported Environmental Liabilities: Preliminary Evidence from US and Canadian Public Companies

This study investigates the economic consequences of four financial reporting regulations relating to environmental liability reporting in samples of 170 US and 156 Canadian public companies during the period 1984 to 1997. The study's purpose is to investigate the factors that make financial reporting regulation effective in enhancing the relevance and reliability of accounting information. Prior research provides the theory that financial reporting regulations impose costs on managers and create incentives for them to report accounting information that is relevant and unbiased. This study assesses these regulations' enforceability, which is viewed as arising from the regulator's power to enforce its regulations by sanctions or penalties. It tests whether the relation between market valuation and reported environmental liability accruals changes when the new regulations are enacted, and whether regulation with high enforceability has a more significant impact than regulation with low enforceability. This study uses a residual‐income valuation model to measure the valuation coefficient, or multiplier, on reported environmental liability accruals. Changes in this coefficient are used as indicators of changes in the market's assessment of the value relevance and bias of the reported accounting information. This study provides preliminary evidence indicating that financial reporting regulations issued by the securities market regulator and the accounting profession are associated with changes in the relation between market value and reported environmental liabilities in some cases, and suggests avenues for further international accounting research on the factors involved in financial reporting regulation's impact.     

现代金融工具确认与计量的国际案例研究

通过分析金融衍生工具的国际会计报告标准,结合跨国公司在本土和海外融资与金融投资活动案例,剖析现代金融衍生工具业务活动的会计核算实务技巧与方法;着重可转换债券、可供出售的金融资产、贸易性债权融资、金融资产公允价值和金融衍生投资产品等金融衍生工具交易中隐含的权益分离会计核算法和成本分摊会计核算法的应用程序和计量要点,为我国企事业单位金融投资财务决策与管理层提供务实可行的现代金融衍生工具业务报告分析与会计核算处理的有效途径。     

公共财务与政府会计问题及对策研究

伴随着我国经济的腾飞,政府贪污腐败问题也日益突出。公共部门贪污腐败问题的日益严重,与我国公共财务管理不善有着直接关系。改善我国公共财务管理的最重要的措施就是加快我国政府会计改革。现在实行的政府会计体系在会计准则和具体核算等多方面出现了很严重的与现实脱节的状况,存在着大量棘手的问题。我国的公共财务管理与政府会计改革势在必行。本文以公共财务管理学和政府会计学为基本理论,进行了公共财务与政府会计的理论分析,接着详尽地指出我国公共财务与政府会计的问题,最后从宏观与微观两方面提出了改进公共财务与政府会计的对策。     

Cooperation for Publication? An Analysis of Co-authorship Patterns in Leading Accounting Journals

This paper examines patterns, antecedents, and effects of (international) cooperation in accounting academia based on 7105 papers published in 15 leading accounting journals. In particular, we investigate the dissemination of different forms of cooperation, identify author characteristics that are related to the propensity of cooperation and analyze whether cooperation is associated with research performance (in terms of research impact and output). We find that scholars from Asian countries tend to be more heavily involved in international cooperation than researchers from most European countries and the USA. A Ph.D. from a leading school, a scholar's previous publication experience and a past appointment as editor or editorial board member are positively associated with the propensity for cooperation, while a researcher's current affiliation has only limited impact. Surprisingly, our findings show that cooperation is not related to a greater research impact as measured by citation numbers per paper. Finally, we find a significant negative relationship between a scholar's share of co-authored papers and his or her research output in leading accounting journals as measured by the weighted numbers of papers per author.     

新会计准则下的财务管理措施经验谈

随着我国新会计准则的颁布实施,各企事业单位都要制定新的财务管理制度,保证日常财务工作顺利进行。本文试浅谈新会计准则下应采取的财务管理措施。     

高校财会类毕业生供求现状的调查与分析

针对财会行业普通从业人员供过于求、高级财会人才供不应求的现状,本文通过高校、企业、毕业生、政府四方面对财会类毕业生就业问题及原因进行阐述和解析,并提出对应的提升毕业生就业能力的措施,由此改善财会专业学生的培养模式,相信财会人才综合素质的提升必将对整体经济增长做出巨大的贡献。     

Multi‐foci CSR perceptions,procedural justice and in‐role employee performance: the mediating role of commitment and pride

This study explores differential employee responses to perceived corporate social responsibility (CSR) treatment of social and non‐social stakeholder foci of the community, customers, shareholders and environment along with first‐party employee justice perceptions. At a finance‐sector multinational, we test the mediating role of commitment and pride in accounting for the relationship between perceptions of stakeholder treatment and in‐role performance. We propose and pilot a new multi‐foci CSR measure and include this in a mediated model within a separate study. Socially responsible treatment of customers and the environment play a role in predicting performance; these foci are related to either pride or commitment. Community CSR, first‐party justice perceptions and commitment predict performance either directly or indirectly. Our research shows an absence of any positive employee response associated with CSR towards shareholders. The study uncovers new insights into our understanding of complexities in employee responses to CSR activities.     

基于哈佛分析框架下的物流企业财务分析——以顺丰为例

哈佛分析框架从战略角度出发,多角度对企业的运行状况和经营成果进行系统性的分析,将定性与定量分析相结合,弥补了传统财务分析的局限性。选取顺丰控股为研究对象,基于哈佛分析框架,以顺丰控股2017-2019年的财务报表为基础,从战略、会计、财务以及前景四个角度对顺丰控股进行综合的财务分析,并提出相关的建议以供参考。     

现代企业制度下财务信息的非对称性研究

现代企业制度下的财务信息机制是企业财务运行机制的重要组成部分,它包括财务信息的供给和需求两个方面,出资者和经营者之间的信息供需是双向而不是单向的。由于财务会计提供信息的不完备性,不同财务主体信息需求的动力不同,各主体信息供给与反馈的路径不同,以及出资者和经营者在治理力量的非均衡性,决定了现代企业制度下财务信息在供需主体之间的非对称性。认识现代企业制度下财务信息的非对称性特征,对我国企业财务与会计改革具有重要启示。     

企业财务管理机构独立问题的思考

在市场经济条件下,企业财务管理是一项开放性、动态性、综合性的管理活动,在整个企业经营管理工作中具有举足轻重的地位,因此,财务机构的科学设置对财务管理职能的发挥,具有十分重要的意义。文章在比较财务与会计区别的前提下,分析财务管理机构独立设置的必要性与可行性,在此基础上论述了企业财务机构独立设置的主要原则和运行机制。     

Value relevance and the dot-com bubble of the 1990s

During the dot-com bubble of the 1990s, equity market valuation was a popular topic for investors, financial analysts and academics. Some questioned whether traditional accounting and financial information had lost its value relevance, as stocks traded at multiples of earnings well in excess of historic levels, leading Alan Greenspan to caution against “irrational exuberance.” This study examines the relation between market valuation and traditional accounting/financial information before, during and after the bubble. We confirm previous research that documents a decline in the relation between market value and traditional accounting information leading up to the bubble period. However, we also document that after the collapse of the bubble in 2000 this trend reverses. We also examine two related metrics that may provide a rational explanation for this phenomenon, including the quality of earnings, and the aggressiveness of financial analysts’ forecasts, finding some support that earnings quality may contribute to the changes in value relevance, but not the aggressiveness of analyst forecasts.     

高级财会人才发展应注重四个“为先”

当前,我国高级财会人才十分紧缺,尚不足全部财会从业人员的1%。经济越发展,会计越重要,高级财会人才的奇缺,已成为制约我国经济发展不可忽视的因素。近日,中共中央国务院颁布了《国家中长期人才发展规划纲要(2010-2020)》,为高级财会人才的发展指明了方向,提供了广阔空间。笔者参照会计学、管理学、伦理学等理论,结合多年工作实践,并参考多项文献资料,提出了高级财会人才发展应注重的几个问题,供有关方面参考。     

如何改善非会计专业基础会计教学

随着经济的发展,会计已经成为世界通用的商业语言。当前在高校的课程体系中,基础会计不但是会计学、会计电算化、财务管理等会计类专业的专业基础课,也是工商管理、市场营销、国际贸易、金融、物流管理等经济管理类专业的一门必修课;许多学校还将其作为文秘、经贸外语等专业的一门能力延伸和拓展的课程。但是在非会计专业基础会计教学中,一直存在着诸多的问题,对课程的教学质量和教学效果产生了很多不利影响。本文仅就存在的问题及相应的解决意见进行分析探讨。