Stock market bubble effects on mergers and acquisitions

We investigate if and how mergers and acquisitions are affected by trends in the capital market, and particularly by a stock market bubble. Our main findings indicate that while the prevalence of M&A increased during the technology bubble, the pricing of M&A did not change. Moreover, the bursting of the bubble seems to have led to further cautiousness by investors, which extended throughout the years subsequent to the bursting of the bubble, even when prices on the exchange had rebounded. While we do not find robust evidence for changes in price multiples outside the exchange in concomitance with the changes on the exchange, we document changes in the information used by investors to value their targets. It seems that investors experienced a learning process in terms of the type of variables preferred, appearing to be more cautious since the bubble burst. This learning process investors undergo in concomitance to processes in the market seems to result in their being less affected by periodical or cyclical sentiments of euphoria and depression in the capital market.     

CPA审计判断偏误透析

审计判断偏误一直是理论界研究的课题,审计判断偏误往往伴随着审计错误的产生,造成审计质量下降与审计风险加大。即使减少审计判断偏误产生的启发法被运用,但审计判断偏误仍是不可能消除的,因为它是审计判断过程中做出错误判断的心理倾向,这种心理倾向会因主、客观因素的影响而形成。本文通过透析审计判断偏误产生的主客观因素,提出了减少审计判断偏误的措施和方法,以期为降低审计风险与提高审计质量提供参考。     

企业内部控制与注册会计审计

企业内部控制缺陷可能导致违规违纪,并给注册会计师带来审计失败风险。注册会计师在审计中需加以关注的企业某些内部控制的领域及审计策略,从中反映企业内部控制及其符合性测试的实施对注册会计师审计的重要意义。     

Abandoned mergers and the market for corporate control

This paper investigates the financial performance cf a sample of UK firms involved in abandoned mergers during the period 1977–81. Predictions derived from a broadly neoclassical theory of merger activity are tested empirically and implications for the theory of the firm are discussed. Using an extension of discriminant analysis for firms in our samples we cannot find any evidence to suggest that the market for corporate control exercises discipline in completed mergers or in abandoned ones. In the latter case we suggest that the motives for takeovers tend to reflect managerial rather than shareholder interests.     

注册会计师审计质量影响因素研究文献述评

近年来我国乃至世界范围内财务丑闻案不断发生，导致独立审计质量无从保证，由此引发了空前的审计行业诚信危机和道德危机，也引起了对审计质量及其影响因素相关关系的研究。本文采用述评结合的方法对国内外研究成果进行了全面、系统的梳理和归类整合。结果发现，审计质量及其影响因素之间存在因果相关关系，在一定条件下审计质量是多种因素共同作用的结果，而提高审计质量的关键是推行现代风向导向审计。     

基于激励约束机制提高CPA审计质量的研究

本在承认注册会计师是理性“经济人”的前提下，从激励约束机制这个新的视角阐述通过提高审计收费和加大审计责任对注册会计师提供的审计服务进行监管。     

公司治理和注册会计师审计对盈余质量的影响

上市公司盈余质量是评价企业价值的重要因素,也是利益相关者关注的重点。选取2009--2011年上市公司数据作为研究样本,采用扩展的Jones模型计量盈余质量,运用回归模型实证研究公司治理和注册会计师审计对盈余质量的联合影响,结果表明：公司治理结构的完善和注册会计师审计水平的提高能够增强上市公司盈余质量的真实性和可靠性,完善的公司治理有利于提高注册会计师审计效果,提高上市公司的盈余质量。     

注册会计师审计独立性影响因素分析及对策研究

我国新颁布的会计准则和独立审计准则于2007年开始实施,这对注册会计行业的发展具有重大意义。我国的注册会计师由于行业起步晚,其审计的独立性还存在着很多问题,既受会计师事务所以及注册会计师内部因素的影响,也受宏观经济环境以及证券市场等外部因素的影响,本文在分析了这些因素后提出相关建议,以期对注册会计师执业实务和理论提供参考。     

Intra-industry and inter-country effects of European mergers

We empirically test the valuation effects of European M&A announcements on rivals within the target's country (intra-industry effects) and on other European rivals (inter-country effects), for the period of 1996 to 1999. We find evidence of inter-country effects that has not previously been documented, suggesting that the ongoin integration of European economies, supported by the introduction of the euro, facilitates the transmission of private information across country boundaries in Europe. We also conduct a cross-sectional analysis to isolate potential sources of intra-industry and inter-country effects. *** DIRECT SUPPORT *** A00DH017 00007     

Cross-border mergers and acquisitions with heterogeneous firms: Technology vs. market motives

The most common form of foreign direct investment (FDI) is cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&A). A common explanation for M&A activity identified in the industrial organization literature is that firms seek technological expertise. However, this has not been examined in the FDI literature. In this paper, I develop and estimate a model of cross-border M&A and focus on the technology seeking explanation. In particular, I develop a general equilibrium model of exporting, greenfield FDI, technology-seeking cross-border M&A, and market-seeking cross-border M&A with heterogeneous firms. The model predicts that firms from a larger country are more likely to acquire in a smaller country when M&A activity is driven by a technology-seeking motive, but the opposite is true when it is driven by a market-seeking motive. Using detailed data on worldwide M&A activity from 1985 to 2007, I find empirical evidence that cross-border M&A activity exhibits behavior consistent with this prediction.     

我国注册会计师审计市场集中度与竞争态势分析

从整个审计市场和证券审计市场两个角度对我国注册会计师审计市场集中度与竞争态势进行分析后发现,目前我国审计市场集中度与竞争态势因市场不同而各异.为提高我国审计市场的运行效率,促进审计市场健康有序地发展,我国必须优化审计市场结构;鼓励国内事务所优化重组,走规模化发展道路;增强国内事务所的核心竞争力,形成各类事务所各得其所、协调发展的良性发展格局.     

The effects of listing changes between NASDAQ market segments

This study analyzes the effects of listing changes within NASDAQ market segments during the period of 1998 to 2005. We find that firms phased up from the NASDAQ Small Capital Market (SmallCap) to the NASDAQ National Market (NNM) experienced significant declines in bid-ask spreads, the volatility of returns, and the probability of informed trading, and firms that phased down from NNM to the SmallCap experienced decreases in bid-ask spreads, but insignificant changes in the volatility of returns and the probability of informed trading. We also estimate simultaneous equations models of bid-ask spreads, return volatility, and trading volume for both groups of firms. The results confirm that improved liquidity is associated with the listing changes for the phase-up firms. However, the simultaneous equations model suggests that the decreases in bid-ask spreads for the phase-down firms are caused by the changes in share prices.     

Policy changes in the Swiss electricity market: Analysis of likely market responses

The Swiss electricity market is still a public monopoly. Switzerland do not intend to be part of the single European electricity market, but given its strategic geographical position—Switzerland is in the middle of the core area of the European Union, Swiss power producers maintain electricity exchanges (imports and exports) with neighbouring countries. These exchanges represent an important source of revenue for Swiss utilities.

Switzerland is currently facing a period of fundamental policy changes. Even though the market has not been legally liberalised, emergent liberalisation is taking place. Furthermore, nuclear dismantling has been debated since the early 1980s. People have not yet accepted the dismantling proposition, so there is actually no law banning the construction of new nuclear plants, but given the current attitude of the population and the politicians any new nuclear investments are most unlikely.

The aim of this paper is to illustrate likely market responses to different policy changes in the Swiss electricity market, such as nuclear phase-out and changes in international exchanges policies that may arise as a consequence of the emergent liberalisation that is taking place in this market.

This article presents a conceptualisation model that helps understanding the logic of the dynamic behaviour of the Swiss electricity market, and illustrates the rationale of politicians and decision makers involved in the market planning process, as well as the possible consequences of the implementation of different policies. The purpose is not to forecast or quantify market response, but to identify and understand possible scenarios for market behaviour.     

CPA审计质量低下的深层成因与对策研究

本从需求角度、供给角度等方面剖析了注册会计师审计质量低下的深层成因，并提出只有继续推进会计师事务所体制改革、完善公司治理结构等才能提高注册会计师的独立性和风险意识，促使我国会计师事务所之间的竞争真正进入高层次的竞争－－质量竞争。     

论完善国有资本运营注册会计师审计制度

本文从企业、政府、审计机构三个方面进行分析,指出我国现行国有资本运营注册会计师审计制度未能真正发挥其应有监督作用的原因,并从审计主体、审计委托者、审计付费三个方面提出了完善国有资本注册师审计制度的对策,以真正实现注册会计师审计的独立性,加强对国有资本会计信息的监管。     

A study on the wealth effects of irish takeovers and mergers

This paper presents the findings of an empirical study on the share-price effects of takeovers and mergers on the Dublin Stock Exchange. The population under study consists of all acquisitions during the period 1965–83, and it is limited to those instances in which both partners were quoted and traded on the exchange. The Market Model has been adapted to take account of market inefficiencies. Any findings are evaluated in the light of other reported research.     

基于委托代理理论对注册会计师在环境审计中主导地位的分析

针对环境审计主体中谁占主导地位的争议,借用委托代理理论,分析注册会计师将在未来的环境审计中占有主导地位。     

The political uncertainty and stock market behavior in emerging democracy: the case of Taiwan

This paper examines the congressional effect between the pre- and post-democratization on the stock market by the asymmetric Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heterosce desticity (GARCH) model in the period 1984–2004. The results found that the congressional effect is negative effect on stock returns but volatility is not significant. However, the democratic effect on stock returns is negative and increased of volatility. Moreover, the congressional effect on stock market returns following democratization significantly exceeds that before democratization, but have no significant effect for the volatility in the same circumstances. These results provide evidences consistent with the contention of liberalization (Hayek, Am. Econ. Rev. 35, 519–530, Individualism and Economic order, The university of Chicago press, Chicago, London, 1945, 1948; Popper, The open society and its Enemies, Princeton university, NJ, 1950).     

Stock market perceptions of the motives for mergers in cases reviewed by the UK competition authorities: an empirical analysis

A number of studies have considered the motivation of managers to follow a merger strategy. However, as far as we are aware none has looked at the influence of competition regulation on merger motives using stock market data and event study techniques. Data drawn from 63 merger cases in the UK between 1989 and 2003 are examined for the stock market's perceptions of what motivated managers to pursue their initial merger bid. The findings suggest that the Synergy and Hubris dominate as motivations for mergers and that, unintentionally, competition policy may help to reduce the number of mergers motivated by Managerialism. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Funding liquidity risk and the low-volatility anomaly: Evidence from the Taiwan stock market

We investigate whether the funding liquidity risk to institutional investors influences the negative relation between expected returns and variance (the ‘‘Low-volatility anomaly’’). With the Taiwan stock market as a setting, we implement a multivariate Markov switching model and use the funding liquidity risk to model the time-varying transition probabilities of the regime-switching process to capture changes in the funding liquidity risk regime. Our evidence documents that the low-volatility anomaly is most pronounced when there is high funding liquidity risk. When there is low funding liquidity risk, however, the low-volatility anomaly has a significant reversal. These results imply that the increased funding liquidity risk due to financial shock transmitted from parent banks is associated with higher selling pressure on institutional investors’ high-volatility stocks, leading to the low-volatility anomaly.