A conceptual framework for misfit technology commercialization

The emerging literature on outbound open innovation has highlighted innovation processes, which presuppose active outward technology transfer to increase firm profits. To contribute to this discourse, our paper goes beyond the emphasis on core-related technologies and knowledge that currently dominates the technology management literature and develops the novel concept of misfit technology. This concept captures technologies that are not aligned with a focal firm's current knowledge base and/or business model, but which may still be of great value to the firm if alternative commercialization options are considered. By developing a framework that acknowledges (1) Sources of misfit technology, (2) Environmental uncertainty, (3) Organizational slack, (4) Industry appropriability regime and (5) Technological complexity, we theorize on how different modes of commercialization relate to misfit technology commercialization success. The paper is conceptual and is presented with the purpose to spawn further research on this important topic, but simultaneously touches upon the issues of utmost relevance to R&D management practice.     

Linking technology intelligence to open innovation

The explosive growth of the Internet has led to a dramatic increase in data sources for (competitive) technology intelligence. Appropriate implementation and use of IT tools to gather and analyze these data is of key importance for the creation of actionable technology intelligence. A strategy to optimize investments in the identified technologies becomes of paramount importance if an organization wants to match knowledge and ideas originating from outside of the organization with internal core competences. Such a strategy can create competitive advantage by effectively linking technology intelligence to open innovation.We show how VIB, a life sciences research organization, has established technology intelligence processes to identify a multitude of external technologies of interest, which are subsequently “probed” for their potential and fit with VIB using real options reasoning, thereby supporting open innovation. Our methodology may be useful for other organizations which are considering implementing open innovation approaches.     

QTIP: Quick technology intelligence processes

Empirical technology analyses need not take months; they can be done in minutes. One can thereby take advantage of wide availability of rich science and technology publication and patent abstract databases to better inform technology management. To do so requires developing templates of innovation indicators to answer standard questions. Then, one can automate routines to generate composite information representations (“one-pagers”) that address the issues at hand, the way that the target users want.     

嵌入组织因素的生态化技术创新过程模型及其制度结构-功能研究

提出了五维度的生态化技术创新制度分析框架,并进一步推演出包含了11类制度的生态化技术创新制度结构-功能理论框架。     

基于复杂性科学与方法的高技术企业组织创新研究

高技术企业作为特殊类型的现代企业在组织上属于开放的复杂自适应系统。基于复杂性科学与方法,将高技术企业组织行为主体间的联系和作用分为正式网络和隐含网络,并论述了它们在组织创新上的不同作用。     

突破性技术及其市场竞争演化研究

市场是技术创新活动价值实现的载体。因此,市场既是企业实现技术创新赖以生存和发展的动力源泉,也是技术创新的起点和终点。文章基于细分市场理论、规模经济理论、产业理论以及边际理论等相关理论,对突破性技术与主流技术的市场竞争演化以及消费者需求的差异性对突破性技术创新的不同作用进行了研究,报告了突破性技术对市场上的主流技术产生的作用机理以及不同类型的消费者对突破性技术创新转变为市场上的主流技术所产生的影响,通过采用价值分析方法,构建消费者购买决策模型,反映了突破性技术对主流技术产生威胁的影响要素、条件以及不同类型消费者的需求对突破性技术创新在市场上的演化、实现条件的影响等问题,取得了一定的研究成果,文章最后讨论了研究启示以及未来相关领域的研究方向以期使突破性技术创新的研究工作更加深入、系统和完善,从而更能促进我国技术的跨越式发展,并带动整个经济的快速增长。     

中国-东盟国际技术转移网络服务平台研究

受自然资源禀赋、社会经济发展水平和人力资源储备等因素的制约,除了新加坡,我国相比东盟十国具有较为明显的技术资源优势,存在有国际间技术"势差",决定了我国能够成为技术输出国面向东盟进行技术转移。文章分析了当前中国面向东盟技术转移时面临的供需信息不畅、金融服务不完善、跨国技术转移服务人才缺乏和技术转移风险较高四个方面的主要障碍及成因,在技术转移一般过程的分析基础上,提出了中国-东盟技术转移网络服务支持系统的概念框架,框架包括跨国技术转移信息采集发布、转移技术预测与评估、谈判支持、技术转让支持和后期技术服务五大模块和多国语言镜像系统,并从组织保障、资源共享、人才培养、投入保障、金融保障和技术创新网络合作等方面对其运营机制提出了对策建议。     

股权换技术:动因、问题与对策

股权换技术是指通过向外资出售部分股权以引进所需要的先进技术,是跨国公司战略性进入我国市场、国有企业改革以及实现技术赶超的综合结果.但是,股权换技术本身所存在的许多问题导致目标难以实现;以少儋数股权难以换取先进技术,而如果出让多数股权,则会远离自主创新区域;跨国公司还会考虑是否会使所投资公司与本公司形成竞争;我国企业还可能形成对跨国公司的技术依赖;国有企业改革中存在的非理性因素也会使股权换技术目标异化.为正确实施股权换技术,必须明确指导思想,完善模式,减少非理性因素并形成鼓励国内资本进入的产业政策.     

Forecasting the Technology Revolution: Results and learnings from the TechCast Project

This research report presents latest results on the TechCast Project, first reported in Technology Forecasting & Social Change 14 years ago [1]. TechCast is an online Delphi system that pools background trends and the judgment of experts around the world to forecast breakthroughs in all fields. Results are presented for strategic technological advances that are likely to enter the mainstream and their expected impacts, providing an overview of the Technology Revolution. Aggregating the forecast data then provides macro-forecasts of broad timetables for economic and social change. This analysis suggests that the global economy is likely to enter a new economic upcycle about 2015 and reach an advanced stage of development about 2020. We also examine examples of how organizations develop technology strategy to compete in an era of economic transformation, and conclude by analyzing the role of forecasting as one of many methods for reducing uncertainty.     

It Investment and its Productivity Effects: An Organizational Sociologist's Perspective on Directions for Future Research

The paper reviews the empirical evidence on the contribution of IT investments to economic growth and discusses the need for further research to explain the chain of causation linking the cumulative effects of IT expenditures on vertical and horizontal market structures within specific industries and the factors which influence or mediate the direction and magnitude of these effects. Two hypotheses are discussed as polar explanations for why IT capital productivity increased significantly after such a long period of stagnant and, in some industries negative, growth prior to 1987.     

Technology transfer and innovation performance: Evidence from Chinese firms

This paper explores the relationship between technology transfer activities and innovation performance with special reference to Chinese industrial firms. It is based on a recent nationwide survey covering 2334 Chinese industrial firms. The impact of technology transfer on their innovative performance was analyzed for all the responded firms and similar analyses also addressed the issue from perspectives of general industrial firms versus high-tech firms, and large firms versus small and medium firms. Several critical types of technology transfer activities were identified and both positive and negative impacts were discussed along with the Pearson correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis. The study revealed that the innovation activities in Chinese manufacturing firms could not be boosted substantially merely through the acquisition of key equipment and apparatus from abroad. The findings also suggested that Chinese firms should develop their technological absorptive capacity and transformative capacity, and foster technology transfer and communications among trading partners. Moreover, it would be crucial for Chinese firms to stress the nurturing of indigenous innovation capabilities so as to sustain their performance improvement.     

新城科技园的特色发展模式

差异化是科技园区塑造特色、参与国内外竞争胜出的关键。在强调差异化重要性的基础上,借鉴国内外典型经济园区的先进经验,提出了构建富有特色的功能体系、建设富有特色的"科技综合体"、构建富有特色的管理体系等新城科技园特色发展的新模式。     

研究型大学教育科技创新能力体系结构及创新战略

分析了研究型大学教育科技创新能力体系的多元化、板块化结构,着重提出并强调了创新资源的供给和吸纳能力在研究型大学教育科技创新能力体系构建中的重要意义;提出并分析了研究型大学构建教育科技创新能力体系的战略选择,即实施开放创新战略、集成创新战略、创新人才战略和创新文化战略。     

企业自主技术创新测度研究:基于资源、能力和技术成果归属的整合模型

在提出自主技术创新定义和测度指标库的基础上,根据定义内涵删除了不合适的测度面,比对了各测度面及其指标,归并含义相近的测度面和指标,保证测度面及其指标的唯一性和覆盖性。根据自主技术创新过程构建了逻辑模型,以模型为基础净化及补充了相应指标。分析结果指出,对企业自主技术创新的测度应包含3个测度面,它们又分别包含5个资源指标、12个能力指标及2个技术成果归属指标。     

技术创新合作中的“摩擦”与获利——基于TD-SCDMA产业的考察

探索性地基于产业结构二维度划分和成本视角,在合作博弈框架下研究TD-SCDMA产业结构演变过程中的技术创新合作"摩擦"与获利决策。结果表明:(核心)技术创新者从成本角度可以选择部分较为清晰的事项作为其决策目标,如确定合作互补性资产企业、合作伙伴数量及合作顺序等;这些决策目标既会影响创新价值的创造,也会影响互补性资产企业的竞争替代,进而影响技术创新者的价值获取以及产业发展。     

突破性技术创新:理论综述与研究展望

首先通过溯源和梳理关于突破性技术创新的现有研究文献,从技术能力和商业模式的维度划分创新类型,辨析了不同类型创新的共性与差异,并基于技术变革与商业变革重塑突破性技术创新的概念内涵。然后基于"过程"视角对突破性技术创新的形成机理与演化路径进行梳理和凝练,剖析了突破性技术创新从技术概念设想或创意构想乃至市场实现的价值脉络,明晰了突破性技术创新的高度不确定性、非连续性和非线性的本质。最后分析研究结果,并对未来研究进行展望。     

Outward foreign direct investment and domestic innovation performance: evidence from China

The existing literature has explored the existence of reverse technology spillover through outward foreign direct investment (OFDI), which means domestic firms improve their technological innovation and productivity due to overseas investment activities. This paper aims to examine how the host country affects reverse technology spillover from OFDI. The findings show domestic innovation performance (DIP) is positively related to OFDI in developed countries while it is negatively related to OFDI in transitional and emerging markets. It is also found that financial development and human capital weaken the positive relationship between OFDI in developed countries and DIP and also weaken the negative relationship between OFDI in transitional and emerging markets and DIP. These results are further confirmed through robustness checks.     

外源性研发与企业绩效：政企间网络联系的调节作用

企业开展外源性研发的前提条件是,围绕特定产品或技术形成一个具有较大规模的资源互补的社会网络。企业可调用的网络资源越多,其外源性研发的绩效就越好。政企间的网络联系会影响企业可调用的网络资源,进而影响企业外源性研发的绩效。利用上市公司数据,验证了外源性研发与企业绩效之间的正相关关系以及政企间网络联系对此关系的调节作用。将政企间网络联系纳入企业社会网络特征的研究边界,揭示了政企间网络联系对我国企业外源性研发绩效的影响作用及影响机理。     

政府科技投入与企业技术创新效率的耦合协调度——以北京市为例

分析了政府科技投入与企业技术创新效率的耦合协调机理。利用2005—2014年北京的统计数据,采用综合指数法和随机前沿分析法分别测度了北京的政府科技投入综合水平和企业技术创新效率,并利用构建的耦合协调度模型测度并评价了两者的协调状况。结果显示:2005—2014年期间北京的政府科技投入综合水平呈逐年提高趋势,企业技术创新效率呈"N"型发展趋势,两者的耦合协调度呈波动上升态势,其中2009年出现波谷,从2013年开始达到高度协调状态。     

突破性技术创新的非线性与非连续性演化——以智能驾驶汽车为例

通过对突破性技术创新进行理论溯源,提炼了突破性技术创新的技术轨迹和价值实现路径。采取案例研究方法,以谷歌与丰田为案例对象,以智能驾驶汽车作为突破性技术创新的例子,从技术维度与市场维度剖析了智能驾驶技术的发展历程。研究发现:突破性技术创新起步于新技术和新市场,能为客户创造新的市场需求、科学问题解决方案;突破性技术创新具有非线性、非连续性的发展特征,突破性技术创新并不是某一特定节点的技术或产品,而是时间维度上技术或产品功能不断完善及演进的结果;企业在进行突破性技术创新时,会根据自身的资源基础、产业链中的竞争地位以及市场反馈建立与在位企业迥异的发展模式。