基于生态视角下的建筑业创新问题模拟研究

目前关于建筑行业创新投入、技术扩散、对建筑产业整体收益、产业集中度的影响难以用实际数据分析,因而从个体企业行为角度出发,根据多智能体理论,使用多主体仿真平台(Netlogo)建模平台,建立我国建筑业的交易行为互动流程,模拟运行建筑产业创新行为,观察并分析论证创新使产业集中度产生波动,创新企业数量与产业收益是U型关系,技术扩散速度对产业收益有极大影响的结论。     

基于技术创新的中小科技企业成长性评价——我国中小企业板上市公司的实证分析

中小企业作为国民经济的生力军和市场经济中最活跃的组成部分,在繁荣市场经济、吸纳就业人员、增加财政收入等方面做出了巨大的贡献。但在现实中,人们不时看到的却是中小企业的经营困难甚至消亡现象,据不完全统计,我国中小企业的平均寿命为2.9年,每年有近百万家中小企业倒闭,其成长状况令人堪忧。但在面对同等的外部环境条件下,却又有大量的中小企业,凭借其强大的生命力,继续发展壮大,其重要原因之一就是技术创新。作为技术创新重要载体的中小科技企业,其成长性已受到各方越来越多的关注,对其成长性进行评价更是一个亟待解决的问题,针对这一问题,本文选取了8个要素作为评价指标,构建了一套基于技术创新视角的中小科技企业成长性评价指标体系,并借助社会经济统计软件SPSS16.0,采用因子分析法对随机选取的50个样本进行了实证分析,并就研究结果作出了进一步的分析评价。     

民间投资、环境规制与绿色技术创新

民间投资作为政府投资的重要补充,为企业绿色技术创新提供越来越多的资金支持,对激发企业创新活力具有重要作用。为进一步引导和鼓励民间投资,以环境规制为中介变量,运用Stata15.0软件和Matlab2016软件,基于长江经济带11省市1999-2016年民间投资和绿色技术创新相关数据,在K阶近邻空间权重矩阵下建立空间杜宾模型。结果显示,长江经济带各地区绿色技术创新呈现显著空间集聚效应;单一的民间投资对技术创新有一定促进作用,但因民间投资目前主要集中在产业低端,与环境规制结合时并未有效促进绿色技术创新。为此,应营造良好的投资环境,促进民间投资有效供给;建立环境倒逼机制,引导民间投资健康发展;发挥区域协同效应,促进绿色技术创新,实现经济高质量发展。     

成渝地区专利技术双向流动网络特征、演化及启示

在新战略背景下,成渝地区必须贯彻一体化发展理念,而实现生产要素的合理流动是关键一环。技术作为生产要素中的核心组成部分,分析其流动性不仅可以了解与掌握创新体系运行状况,为人才流动和创新合作提供政策启示,还可以为促进技术、信息等流动提供科学建议。以成渝地区2002-2019年专利许可和交易数据为样本,采用社会网络分析方法,利用UCINET软件构建技术双向流动网络,基于拓扑结构和空间关联角度分析成渝地区技术双向流动网络。结果表明,成渝地区技术双向流动网络呈现为以成都和重庆主城区为核心的结构,成渝地区虽然存在技术流动但是缺乏深层次的跨区域交流,且社会关联网络整体密度较低,各子群内部融合性较差,地区内部流动分布不均衡。     

中西部效率低于东部吗?-基于技术集差异和共同前沿生产函数的分析

效率假说须考虑决策单位技术水平的差异,但许多文献在研究效率时都把中国所有区域看成一个总体,其隐含假设东、中、西部生产前沿均相同,忽视了技术集的地区差异.本文利用共同前沿生产函数包络东中西部的生产前沿,然后估算和比较区域间技术差距和技术效率,发现东中西部所面对的技术集差异显著,并且中部技术效率最高,其后依次为西部、东部,技术效率水平高低与市场化水平、研发投入的相对强度、资源禀赋、人力资本、市场需求、产业结构等因素相关.     

Getting the Ball Rolling: Voluntary Contributions to a Large-Scale Public Project

This paper examines dynamic voluntary contributions to a large‐scale project. In equilibrium, contributions are influenced by the interplay of two opposing incentives. While agents prefer to free ride on others for contributions, they also prefer to encourage others to contribute by increasing their own. Main findings of the paper are that (1) agents increase their contributions as the project moves forward; (2) as additional agents join the group, existing agents increase their contributions in the initial stages of the project while reducing them in the stages close to completion; (3) groups that are formed by more patient agents and that undertake larger projects tend to be larger; and (4) groups that rely on voluntary contributions tend to be too small compared to the social optimum. The empirical evidence on contributions to open‐source software projects provides partial support for these findings.     

西方主流经济学的基本分析框架及其缺陷—一个基于演化本体论视角的阐释

西方主流经济学的分析框架是以对实在基本假定为基础的,但根据演化本体论,这种对实在的基本假定却背离了经济实在的根本结构和性质,它将有机层级结构还原为原子式个体,将开放系统简化为封闭系统,排除了对于理解经济系统绝不可少的解释要素。正是这种根本缺陷导致了西方主流经济学无法有效处理诸如内生新奇创生、历史时间、系统效应、生产和经济欠发达这样的重要经济学问题。     

Learning across games

This paper studies the learning process carried out by two agents who are involved in many games. As distinguishing all games can be too costly (require too much reasoning resources) agents might partition the set of all games into categories. Partitions of higher cardinality are more costly. A process of simultaneous learning of actions and partitions is presented and equilibrium partitions and action choices characterized. Learning across games can destabilize strict Nash equilibria even for arbitrarily small reasoning costs and even if players distinguish all the games at the stable point. The model is also able to explain experimental findings from the traveler?s dilemma and deviations from subgame perfection in bargaining games.     

我国软件产业技术创新特征研究

本文使用相关分析方法分析我国各类软件企业的技术创新绩效,并借助列联表分析技术深入研究了各地区各类软件企业技术创新产出的特点。研究结果显示,深化国有软件企业改革和加快中、西部地区对外开放步伐是促进我国软件产业技术创新水平提高的重要基础。     

Can Habit Formation Be Reconciled with Business Cycle Facts?

Many asset pricing puzzles can be explained when habit formation is added to standard preferences. We show that utility functions with a habit then gives rise to a puzzle of consumption volatility in place of the asset pricing puzzles when agents can choose consumption and labor optimally in response to more fundamental shocks. We show that the consumption reaction to technology shocks is too small by an order of magnitude when a utility includes a consumption habit. Moreover, once a habit in leisure is included, labor input is counterfactually smooth over the cycle. In the case of habits in both consumption and leisure, labor input is even countercyclical. Consumption continues to be too smooth. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: E13, E21, E32.     

人口流动推动了企业异地并购吗

本文以中国企业异地并购事件为研究对象,采用全国人口普查的微观数据,考察人口流动对企业并购的影响。结果表明,地级市之间流动人口的增加可以显著提高人口迁入地企业在迁出地进行并购投资的规模,且这一推动作用在高学历流动人口和从事金融行业的流动人口中更为明显。进一步研究发现,当目标公司所在地（人口迁出地）投资者保护程度越差、市场化程度越低、传统儒家文化越浓厚或当代文化包容度越低时,流动人口对企业异地并购的推动作用越强。本文揭示出流动人口可帮助企业在异地并购中消除投资壁垒,为户籍政策调整和促进企业跨区域投资提供了重要的政策启示。     

欠发达地区中小企业集群化成长的对策思考

中小企业集群作为一种客观存在的经济事实,在促进经济增长、增加就业机会、推动技术创新、带动地区发展等方面具有重要作用。但中小企业往往存在管理理念滞后、技能型人才缺乏及技术含量低等问题。因此,提高集群企业的关联性,加强企业技术创新,完善集群服务体系,创建优秀企业文化,大力开发人力资本,推进对外贸易,是发展欠发达地区中小企业集群化成长的必由之路。     

产军协同、政府科技支持与技术创新效率研究

运用空间数据分析方法,检验产军协同、政府科技支持与技术创新效率在我国省域间的分布格局。研究表明,三者均存在显著的正向空间相关性,即正向空间溢出效应,并且在不同地区形成局部空间集聚,存在高低非均衡的“俱乐部”现象。基于空间误差模型和空间滞后模型,实证检验产军协同、政府科技支持对技术创新效率的影响。结果发现,从全国和分地区看,产军协同、政府科技支持均能够显著促进技术创新效率提升,并且二者存在显著的交互作用,能够发挥彼此间的互补效应,进一步促进技术创新效率提升;不同地区产军协同、政府科技支持对技术创新效率的影响程度存在较大差异,西部地区产军协同、政府科技支持对技术创新效率的促进作用比东部和中部地区显著。     

Numeraire choice in normalized quadratic functional forms

A semi-nested test procedure is developed for choosing the numeraire for a normalized quadratic profit function when too few observations exist for nested hypothesis testing and when too many alternatives exis for conventional non-nested testing. Sensitivity of empirical results to choice of numeraire price is examined using agricultural data for the US and ten multistate regions. Few test conclusions vary by numeraire but own price input demand elasticities differ greatly.     

技术溢出视角下技术进步对能源消费的回弹效应研究——基于空间面板数据模型

针对现有文献测算回弹效应普遍忽略技术溢出效应的缺憾,文章构建了三要素经济增长的空间误差模型,在此基础上给出了回弹效应的估算方法,并利用1995-2010年省际面板数据对我国技术溢出视角下技术进步对能源消费的回弹效应进行了实证分析。结果表明,技术进步所导致的能源回弹效应显著存在,中、西部的平均回弹效应明显高于东部,全国的平均回弹效应呈现上升趋势。因此,政府在制定能源政策时需要注意降低单位GDP能耗可能出现的回弹效应,把提高能源效率与自主创新、产业结构调整、政府宏观调控等手段结合起来以实现既定的节能目标。     

Poverty and Political Risk

The paper explains the negative correlation between developing countries' per capita incomes and measures of political risk by relating a government's decision to tax foreign investors to distributional interests in the host country's population. Using a dynamic general-equilibrium model in which agents make irreversible investments abroad to insure against country-specific technology shocks, it is shown that the political risk for foreign investors is prohibitive if the host country's initial per capita income is too low and if the benefits of international diversification are not high enough to generate a sufficiently strong opposition against discriminatory taxation.     

Income Taxes,Subsidies to Education,and Investments in Human Capital

We study a two‐sector economy with investments in human and physical capital and imperfect labor markets. Investments are irreversible and noncontractible, due to random matching between firms and workers. Income is allocated according to the Nash bargaining mechanism. At equilibrium, given the distribution of the agents across sectors, there is underinvestment in both human and physical capital, due to the holdup problem generated by bargaining and noncontractibility. Self‐selection of the agents into the two sectors typically induces too many workers to invest in high skills. Compared to the constrained efficient allocation, at each equilibrium, there are too many people investing too little effort in the high‐skill sector. We also study the effects of several tax policies on total expected surplus.     

Technological development, technology spillover and profitability: An industry level empirical analysis of Chinese manufacturing industries

In this paper, we use industry level panel data regression models to examine the technology spillovers from large- and medium-sized enterprises (LMEs) into non-LMEs, as well as from state-owned LMEs into state-owned enterprises and non-state-owned enterprises, in Chinese manufacturing industries. Our study reveals that technological developments in LMEs have a technology spillover effect upon non-LMEs, and state-owned LMEs have a strong technology spillover effect upon both state-owned and non-state-owned enterprises in manufacturing industries with below average technological capital intensity. As the agents of knowledge diffusion and providers of technological public goods, state-owned LMEs have played a critical role in bridging the technology gap between advanced technologies brought in by foreign funded enterprises and the technological base of other local firms, and thus have facilitated the assimilation and adaptation of advanced foreign technologies in the development of the Chinese manufacturing industry.     

Neoclassical production theory and growth with unemployment: The stability issue revisited

A common belief in economic growth theory is that the instability of the balanced growth path of models based on a non-neoclassical production theory, such as the Harrod–Domar or Goodwin-type models, may be removed by introducing neoclassical technology and substitutability between factors. This does not need to be true. As shown in this paper, Solow-type models with sluggishly adjusting, non-market-clearing, real wages and endogenous fertility may suffer instability. Not only: instability may be favoured by too strong a degree of neoclassical substitution in the economy.     

新农保养老金政策效果评估——基于老年人生活幸福感的实证研究

作为一项重要的社会保障政策,新农保养老金的效果到底如何,目前学术界还没有统一的评估结论。本文基于2016年中国家庭追踪调查（CFPS）数据,使用断点回归设计的方法,利用老年人幸福感指标对新型农村社会养老保险的政策效果进行了评估。本文从老年人对生活的满意度和自信心两个维度来衡量幸福感,发现领取养老金对其生活满意度的影响尚不显著,但提升了其对未来生活的信心。异质性分析发现东部地区和中高收入地位的老年人在领取新农保养老金后生活幸福感提升较为显著,但现实中挤出效应的影响更大。最后,作为社会支持的新农保与传统的“养儿防老”观念存在一定的替代效应。