住房投机与政策调控对房价波动的影响——基于中国40个重点城市的数据

构建住房需求结构、政策调控和价格的动态系统模型,依据2007-2021年40个重点城市季度数据,考量政策调控对于住房投机和房价波动实施效果。结果显示：住房投机推动了房价上涨,政府住房调控政策对房价波动影响差异显著;异质性分析显示,不同地区政策调控实施效果存在差异。鉴于此,应因城施策、分类指导,同时积极畅通房地产调控政策传导机制,提高传导效率,促进房地产市场平稳健康发展。     

中国近几轮房价调控政策与房价波动

自改革开放以来,我国经历了数轮房价调控,在各个经济发展阶段都起到了相应的作用,本文以近几轮房价调控政策演进为主线,总结了这几次改革的一般特点,为接下来我国的房价调控工作提供借鉴。     

通货膨胀、房价及其政策调控

本文采纳2000年1月至2013年3月国房景气指数和消费者物价指数(CPI)数据,通过ADF检验、格兰杰因果关系检验、VAR模型和脉冲响应等实证方法检验了通货膨胀与房价之间的关系。结果表明:房价涨幅增加会刺激通货膨胀,通货膨胀也会影响房价,两者相互作用。要使房地产业健康发展,我国应该采纳保持房价适度增长、保持温和通货膨胀等宏观调控组合政策。     

房地产产品双重特征与调控房价政策的选择

从分析房地产产品的双重特征出发，研完了住房的消费需求和投资需求对房价的影响，并以此为基础研究了调控房价政策的选择，提出调控房价政策要考虑到房地产产品的双重特征，要做到标本兼治，调改结合。     

我国商品房价调控政策效应分析

自1998年我国实施住房住房改革制度,房地产市场进入全面市场化后,房地产业在国民经济中所占的比重逐年加重,房价的上升引起了全社会的关注,由此引发了一系列问题,诸如社会资源配置失衡、产业结构失调、购房难等各种经济和社会问题,为此我国政府出台了一系列的房地产调控政策。     

土地政策和货币政策对城市房价调控的定性分析

对土地政策、货币政策对房价调控的影响效应的分析研究,有利于我国房地产市场的稳健发展。以全国35个主要城市为研究对象,定性分析土地政策和货币政策对房价的调控效应及现状,最后,立足于中国房地产市场的显著差别,提出对策意见。     

美、韩调控房价和我国调控房价的做法及思考

近几年我国房价居高不下,国家出台多项调控措施,希望稳定房价,但事与愿违,越调控房价越涨。目前,北京、上海、深圳等地住房价格竟然超过了美国。本文就美、韩两国调控房价的实施来看我国对调控房价的方向作粗浅的探讨。     

房价解析与调控

自2003年起,我国一线城市的房价就持续高速上涨,引发二、三线城市的跟风,俨然偏离合理价位的"房地产泡沫"已成为社会各阶层关注的焦点。与此同时,国家出台了一系列政策对房价予以调控,但成效并不明显,为此本文鉴于房地产发展现状,在分析房价居高不下成因的基础上,提出调控房价的有效对策。     

房价稳定与政策性住房金融体系:德国的启示

德国的实际住房价格长期保持了相对稳定,未出现因房价泡沫而导致的危机,德国拥有欧洲最大的住房租赁市场。德国实际房价的长期稳定和租赁市场的发达及完善的政策性住房金融体系有很大的关系。住房储蓄银行、房屋建筑协会,以及不动产抵押银行这三类专业银行都发挥了重要的作用。中国应借鉴德国经验,通过政策性金融大力发展社会公共租赁住房市场,遏制住房的投机和炒作。同时,中国可以借鉴德国住房储蓄制度,将公积金制度改造为自愿储蓄制度,建立国家住房储蓄银行。     

房价解析与调控

自2003年起,我国一线城市的房价就持续高速上涨,引发二、三线城市的跟风,俨然偏离合理价位的“房地产泡沫”已成为社会各阶层关注的焦点.与此同时,国家出台了一系列政策对房价予以调控,但成效并不明显,为此本文鉴于房地产发展现状,在分析房价居高不下成因的基础上,提出调控房价的有效对策     

住房价格、金融稳定与宏观审慎政策

本文通过建立包含异质性家庭、异质性厂商和金融机构的DSGE模型,分析对预期房价作出反应的货币政策和宏观审慎政策的传导机制和政策效果,研究不同政策的选择和协调问题。研究发现,首先,由于政策的作用范围不同,不同政策会对金融稳定和经济稳定产生不同影响。对预期房价作出反应的货币政策能够抑制住房需求和信贷供给,但也会抑制消费需求和产出;而对预期房价作出反应的逆周期LTV政策和逆周期资本充足率政策在应对房价波动导致的金融稳定问题时更加有的放矢。其次,外生冲击的来源会影响政策的选择和协调——当经济波动来源于需求冲击时,固定LTV政策搭配逆周期资本充足率的宏观审慎政策、不对预期房价作出反应的货币政策表现最优;当经济波动来源于供给冲击时,固定LTV政策搭配逆周期资本充足率的宏观审慎政策、对预期房价作出反应的货币政策表现最优。     

Optimal Macroprudential Policies and House Prices in Korea

This article investigates the impacts of the macroprudential policy of limitation on credit growth in housing market on Korean economy to find empirical and theoretical implications. Empirical results based on VAR models show that macroprudential policies like LTV and DTI in Korea have significant and persistent effect on real household credit and real house price. This article further addresses implications of optimal macroprudential and monetary policy in Korea by employing a standard DSGE model. The results suggest that the time-varying macroprudential policy responding to the borrower’s debt to income ratio is most effective in stabilizing household debt among the macroprudential policy rules considered, but produces a moderate downturn of the economy.     

房价波动、金融稳定与最优宏观审慎政策

本文通过构建包含家庭住房抵押借款摩擦和银行贷款摩擦的动态随机一般均衡模型,重点考察了异质性冲击下房价波动对金融稳定的影响。研究发现,房价上涨会导致银行风险溢价及杠杆率显著上升,进而加剧金融体系的内在不稳定。为降低房价波动及维护金融稳定,选取两类宏观审慎政策工具进行逆周期调控实验,结果表明,在住房需求冲击下,金融管理部门应选取贷款价值比政策,且应对房贷积极调控,而对房价进行中性调控。在最终产品部门生产率冲击、房地产部门生产率冲击及跨期偏好冲击下,应选取资本充足率政策,但对房贷和房价调控力度的把握则存在差异。本研究为厘清房价波动对金融稳定的动态传导机制,以及金融管理部门如何选取宏观审慎政策工具以稳定房价并降低系统性金融风险提供了启示。     

House Prices and Economic Growth

Using quarterly data for all 379 metropolitan statistic areas (MSAs) in the U.S. from 1980:1 to 2008:2, this paper empirically studies the effect of house prices on local Gross Metropolitan Product (GMP). We compare the effects of predictable and unpredictable house price changes, which we use to capture the collateral and wealth effects of house prices respectively. We further analyze the relationship between the effects and household borrowing constraints, as well as the temporal pattern of the effects. Our analysis provides the following findings. First, house price changes have significant effects on GMP growth, and the effect of predictable changes (the collateral effect) is about three times stronger than the effect of unpredictable changes (the wealth effect). Second, the persistent component of predictable changes has a stronger collateral effect than the novel component. Third, when households are more financially constrained, the collateral effect is stronger, the wealth effect is weaker, and the total effect remains unchanged. Finally, the effects last for eight quarters, and peak on the fourth quarter after house price changes take place.     

House Prices, Fundamentals and Bubbles

Abstract:  This paper studies actual (real) house prices relative to fundamental (real) house values. Such a focus is warranted since housing constitutes a large fraction of most household portfolios, and its characteristics are such that, in contrast to what prevails in financial markets, arbitrage will be limited and hence correction toward 'true' value is likely to be a prolonged process. Using UK data and a time-varying present value approach, our results preclude the existence of an explosive rational bubble due to non-fundamental factors. We further find that intrinsic bubbles have an important role to play in determining actual house prices although price dynamics appear to impact, particularly in periods of strong deviation from fundamental value. Price dynamics are found to be driven by momentum behaviour.     

House Prices and Government Spending Shocks

We show that dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models with housing and collateralized borrowing predict a fall in house prices following positive government spending shocks. By contrast, we show that house prices in the United States rise persistently after identified positive government spending shocks. We clarify that the incorrect house price response is due to a general property of DSGE models—approximately constant shadow value of housing—and that modifying preferences and production structure cannot help in obtaining the correct house price response. Properly accounting for the empirical evidence on government spending shocks and house prices using a DSGE model therefore remains a significant challenge.     

Joint Dynamics of House Prices and Foreclosures

This paper studies the joint transitional dynamics of the foreclosures and house prices in a standard life‐cycle incomplete markets model with housing and a realistic long‐term mortgage structure. We calibrate our model to match several long‐term features of the U.S. housing market, and analyze the effects of several unexpected and permanent shocks on the house price and the foreclosure rate both across the steady states and along the transition between the steady states. We examine permanent, unexpected shocks to the risk‐free interest rate, the minimum down‐payment ratio, and unemployment. During the transition, these shocks create large movements in house prices. More importantly, the foreclosure dynamics are quite significant along the transition compared to the steady‐state changes, and there are strong feedbacks between foreclosures and house prices. We assess the effects of a temporary reduction in the risk‐free interest rate, which has moderate effects on house prices but little effect on foreclosure dynamics. We also study the effects of an ex ante macroprudential policy, which establishes a minimum down‐payment requirement at a higher threshold. Such a macroprudential policy helps substantially stabilize both house prices and foreclosures.     

School Quality, House Prices and Liquidity

This paper develops an empirical framework for taking into account the effects of endogenous liquidity on price capitalization estimates. Changes in school attendance zones in the East Baton Rouge Parish public school district provide a natural experiment for studying how changes in school characteristics affect house prices and liquidity. House price and selling time, or liquidity, are simultaneously determined in search markets. The empirical model exploits variation in the surrounding neighborhood market conditions pertinent to each house to identify the system of price and liquidity equations. The estimates are consistent with search-market theory in that liquidity absorbs part of the capitalization of school quality.

中国城市房价与居民消费

本文使用中国城镇住户调查数据,分析了房价对城镇居民消费的影响。平均而言,房价显著抑制了消费,且该抑制效应在不同群体间差异明显。有未婚男性的家庭,或者已经有房的家庭,特别是现有住房价值较低的家庭,房价对消费的抑制效应更强。房价对消费抑制效应的异质性与家庭购房行为的差异相一致。有未婚男性的家庭,或者上一年有房的家庭,特别是上一年住房价值偏低的家庭购房的可能性更高,上一年住房价值较高的家庭购买两套房的可能性更高。     

House Prices and Bubbles in New Zealand

This paper studies actual (real) house prices relative to fundamental (real) house values in New Zealand for the period 1970–2005. Utilizing a dynamic present value model, we find disparities between actual and fundamental house prices in the early 1970s and 1980s and from 2000 to date. We model the bubble component that is related to fundamentals (the intrinsic component), making it possible to highlight whether a bubble still exists after that component is accounted for. We then analyze any remaining bubble to detect any momentum behavior. Much of the overvaluation of the housing market is found to be due to price dynamics rather than an overreaction to fundamentals.