我国普惠金融风险分担机制研究 ——以银担合作为例

在"三农"、小微企业等普惠金融重点领域,因信用、信息不足等问题产生的较高风险制约着金融机构主动服务的积极性,建立多方参与的风险分担机制是缓解普惠金融服务对象融资难、融资贵的重要手段.本文建立以银担合作为代表性机制的理论模型,分析发现,担保降低了银行面临的违约风险,能够有效提升小微企业信贷可得性;当小微企业失信概率一定时,风险识别能力较强的银行更愿意接受比率分担模式;在小微企业经营风险普遍较高的地区,通过财政手段对分担比率高的担保机构给予适当补贴,有助于提高担保机构和银行的积极性.在理论分析基础上,本文梳理了我国普惠金融风险分担机制的现状和问题,并提出完善政府性融资担保体系、借力金融科技完善基础设施等方面的政策建议.     

综合金融服务体系服务实体经济高质量发展研究——以苏州市小微企业数字征信实验区为例北大核心

为破解民营小微企业融资的信息不对称难题,服务实体经济高质量发展,江苏省苏州市搭建了综合金融服务、股权融资服务、地方企业征信"三大平台",首创了"股权+债权"的综合金融服务体系,并经中国人民银行批准设立全国首个小微企业数字征信实验区。银行、保险等金融机构纷纷依托互联网平台,应用大数据、人工智能等金融科技新技术,服务小微企业等实体经济。为进一步完善苏州综合金融服务体系,应优化金融监管机制,推进数字征信建设,培育金融科技企业,丰富金融产品供给。     

中小银行发展科技金融业务探讨

中小银行支持科技型中小企业发展对天然的地缘、人缘优势,但是在传统信贷模式下"银行+企业"直接对接受到极大制约,出现了银企信息不对称、金融服务前移不够、风险分担机制不完善等问题,需从积极完善银行信贷风险分担、健全科技型中小企业信用评估体系"两手抓",提升科技企业贷款的获得性,推动科技创新发展。     

中小银行金融科技赋能小微企业服务的实践探索

<正>小微企业客户群体存在分布散、规模小、信息不透明、抵押资产缺乏等特点，与银行的传统经营模式不匹配，导致银行不敢贷、不愿贷等问题。近年来，随着金融科技的发展以及银行自身数字化转型步伐的加快，商业银行普遍加大金融科技在小微企业服务领域的投入与应用，通过场景、数据和科技应用相结合补足传统金融服务短板，解决小微企业金融服务投入成本高、获客效率低、风险把控难等问题，增强小微企业金融服务能力。     

金融科技对银行小微企业信贷供给绩效的驱动机制——基于银行和企业的微观调研数据

提高银行信贷服务绩效是破解小微企业融资困境的重要环节，金融科技的发展则为银行小微企业信贷创新提供了现实基础。本文基于动态能力和信用资本视角构建金融科技影响银行小微企业信贷供给绩效的多路径模型，并借助22个省份（自治区）561份问卷调查数据，采用结构方程模型开展实证研究。结果表明：金融科技对银行小微企业信贷供给绩效具有显著积极作用；动态能力和信用资本分别在金融科技与供给绩效之间起中介作用及链式中介作用；银行信任通过强化信用资本对供给绩效的影响，调节金融科技与信贷供给绩效之间的链式中介作用。本文研究结论进一步拓展了金融科技对银行小微企业信贷供给绩效的作用路径，为银行深化金融科技应用、提高信贷服务质效提供了新视角和新依据。     

金融科技对小微企业信贷效率的影响——基于银行竞争度和业务管理水平的中介效应北大核心

研究金融科技如何影响商业银行信贷效率,有助于银行缓解小微企业融资难问题、更好地服务小微企业发展。本文使用DEA-BCC模型测算了32家上市商业银行2017—2021年的小微企业信贷效率,实证考察了金融科技对小微企业信贷效率的影响和作用机制。本文研究发现:金融科技对小微企业信贷效率具有明显的促进作用,且该促进作用在大型商业银行中表现得更为明显。机制分析表明,金融科技可以通过提高银行对外竞争度和提升银行业务管理水平的路径实现。此外,银行的内部控制水平能够正向调节金融科技对小微企业信贷效率的促进作用。该研究为中国商业银行如何更好地利用金融科技赋能小微企业信贷提供了微观经验支持,对于银行如何提升小微企业信贷效率以进一步缓解融资约束难题具有一定的借鉴意义。     

金融科技运用与银行信贷风险——基于信息不对称和内部控制的视角

本文通过网络爬虫构建商业银行金融科技运用指数,利用2013-2018年中国银行业的数据,研究金融科技运用与商业银行不良贷款率之间的关系.研究表明,商业银行金融科技运用能够有效提升商业银行内部控制水平、改善银企信贷层面信息不对称,进而降低商业银行不良贷款率.对于信贷结构信息不对称程度较高的银行,金融科技运用的技术红利更高...     

商业银行小微金融传统模式比较与数字化转型发展研究

小微企业的融资获得情况与其实际需求不相匹配,在新冠肺炎疫情和数字化转型的影响下,商业银行小微金融的发展面临新的形势。研究发现,小微企业的资金实力较弱,虽然在融资过程中面临一些制约,但商业银行的小微金融服务已得到逐步改善。通过对比分析传统的小微信贷模式发现,开展小微金融服务的核心思路在于平衡收益与风险,关键要点在于解决银企信息不对称问题,需要整合现有资源对小微金融的服务模式进行创新。创新小微金融服务模式的实现路径分为以下三个方面：重新认识小微客户并建立新的评价指标体系,从供需两端入手建立多层次的小微金融生态体系,以及深化数字技术和数据要素在小微金融供需生态中的应用。     

金融科技底层技术创新赋能小微金融研究

小微金融是普惠金融的重点领域,也是金融服务实体经济的薄弱环节.小微企业融资面临的"痛点"既有信息不对称、成本收益不匹配导致的逆向选择、道德风险和"三元悖论",也有财务管理不规范、缺乏抵质押物、新冠疫情冲击等限制其融资能力的因素.区块链、人工智能、云计算、大数据、5G等金融科技底层技术的创新特征能够直击小微金融"痛点",解决信息与信任不对称,构建智能风控体系,创新金融服务模式,降低融资成本,助力破解小微企业融资困境.要进一步发挥金融科技对小微金融的赋能作用,需要扩大金融科技创新监管试点,促进底层技术与小微金融场景深度融合,引导小微企业信息化转型,营造良好的小微金融环境.     

金融支持民营小微企业发展——以蚌埠市为例

民营小微企业是国民经济的生力军,做好对民营小微企业的金融服务工作具有重要意义。调查发现,金融支持民营小微企业存在信贷管理机制不健全、贷款期限不匹配、信贷结构不合理以及金融生态环境建设不足等问题。因此,需加快金融供给侧改革、完善银行内部管理机制以及优化金融生态环境建设。     

Debt and Taxes and Uncertainty

With a graduated personal tax schedule, Miller showed that there could be an equilibrium debt supply for the corporate sector as a whole. In the presence of uncertainty there is also a unique debt/equity ratio for each individual firm, and this ratio is related to the firm's operational risk characteristics. However, if firms merge and spin off in response to tax incentives, the identity of firms is ambiguous and only the corporate sector is a meaningful construct. These arguments are developed in both discrete and continuous models that employ extensions of the arbitrage-free pricing theory.     

教育与资本怎样的前景怎样的现实

来自政府的声音: "动员各种社会资源,发展教育" 此次论坛上财政部长助理张少春的发言是最受关注的发言之一.他的演讲传达出的信息有这样几方面:第一,谈到现实,他认为全社会对教育的巨大需求与我国公共投入不足已成为我国教育事业发展的突出矛盾.近年来,以公共部门投入为主,多渠道筹措教育经费的教育投入机制成为解决这一问题的重要途径,也使得公共部门与私营部门在教育领域的合作日益密切.第二,谈到前景,他认为,1.中国经济持续、快速的增长对高技能人才产生巨大的需求,这为私营部门的参与提供了广阔空间.2.随着公共财政职能的不断完善,财政资金将在各项教育事业中重新进行分配,进一步优化财政支出结构,提高资金的使用效率.在"十一五"期间,我国将把公共支出的重点转移到农村.我们将逐步把全体农村适龄儿童的义务教育全部纳入公共财政体制.     

East and west and north and south : A preliminary model

The Brandt report and other proposals for a new North-South world order continue to be the focus of lively debate, yet it is often argued that little concrete has emerged from their recommendations. A major reason for this, the author argues, is that the East-West conflict component is not sufficiently taken into consideration-East-West tensions are a severe constraint on and a determining factor of North-South relations. Using influence diagrams, the author develops a flexible framework for discussion and assessment of N/S-E/W relations.     

Director gender and mergers and acquisitions

Does director gender influence CEO empire building? Does it affect the bid premium paid for target firms? Less overconfident female directors less overestimate merger gains. As a result, firms with female directors are less likely to make acquisitions and if they do, pay lower bid premia. Using acquisition bids by S&P 1500 companies during 1997–2009 we find that each additional female director is associated with 7.6% fewer bids, and each additional female director on a bidder board reduces the bid premium paid by 15.4%. Our findings support the notion that female directors help create shareholder value through their influence on acquisition decisions. We also discuss other possible interpretations of our findings.     

Political corruption and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between political corruption and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that local corruption increases firm acquisitiveness but decreases firm targetiveness. The levels of corruption in acquirer areas relate positively to the bid premiums and negatively to the likelihood of deal completion. Corruption motivates acquiring firms to use excess cash for payment, which mitigates the negative effect of corruption on acquirer shareholder value. The evidence indicates that acquisitions help acquiring firms convert cash into hard-to-extract assets and relocate assets from the high to low corruption areas, thereby shielding their liquid assets from expropriation by local officials.     

Trust and cross-border mergers and acquisitions

A number of studies suggest that social trust matters for investment. Using different measures of trust from World Values Survey, we show that countries where people display higher levels of trust engage in more cross-border M&A activities. When they do, these acquirers pay lower premiums. To the extent that these acquirers also tend to engage in larger acquisitions as well, our findings suggest that a larger selection pool of potential targets and higher value targets enable these acquirers to negotiate for lower premiums. We do not find evidence of the significant effect for target country trust levels. Hence, trust may benefit those acquiring firms in cross-border transactions.     

Tournament-based incentives and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between tournament-based incentives, which are proxied by the difference between a firm's CEO pay and the median pay of the senior managers, and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that tournament-based incentives are positively related to firm acquisitiveness and acquiring firms' stock and operating performance. Further analysis indicates that positive acquisition performance increases the likelihood of the CEO being promoted from inside the acquiring firm. Our evidence is consistent with the view that tournament-based incentives motivate acquiring firms' managers to make greater efforts and take more risk that result in superior acquisition performance.     

Corporate Innovations and Mergers and Acquisitions

Using a large and unique patent‐merger data set over the period 1984 to 2006, we show that companies with large patent portfolios and low R&D expenses are acquirers, while companies with high R&D expenses and slow growth in patent output are targets. Further, technological overlap between firm pairs has a positive effect on transaction incidence, and this effect is reduced for firm pairs that overlap in product markets. We also show that acquirers with prior technological linkage to their target firms produce more patents afterwards. We conclude that synergies obtained from combining innovation capabilities are important drivers of acquisitions.