基于我国上市公司的KMV模型研究

本文选择了30家沪深上市公司作为实证分析对象,并将其分为三种类型:优良业绩、中等业绩和较差业绩,其中每类公司各10家.通过对三类上市公司违约距离与理论违约概率的计算分析,得出KMV模型在我国是基本适用的.在此基础上,将KMV模型与现行商业银行信用风险度量方法比较,进而阐明KMV模型的优越性及弥补其不足的方法.     

基于KMV模型的我国上市公司信用风险实证研究

我国目前对KMV模型在我国的适用性研究大多是对T' 1年(下一年,下同)信用风险预测的有效性进行研究,并未对T' 2年(未来第二年,下同)信用风险预测的有效行进行研究,本文经过大量的实证研究表明:经过提高公司资产价值估值精度的KMV模型能显著增强对我国上市公司T' 2年的信用风险识别能力,我们可以设立T' 1年与T' 1 2年(未来两年,下同)两条信用预警线,来监控上市公司的信用状况变化.     

我国信用风险违约概率计量模型的实证比较研究

基于我国上市公司数据,本文通过建立因子得分、多元典型判别、贝叶斯判别、Logit回归和神经网络多个信用风险违约概率计量模型,实证比较各模型的功效.发现神经网络模型能够比较准确地反映样本内信用风险违约情况,是上述模型中最优的信用风险违约概率计量模型.     

KMV模型在上市公司信用风险管理中的应用

以我国2005年15家ST上市公司和15家非ST上市公司作为研究样本,分别在不同的非流通股定价方法和不同的违约点设定两种情况下,通过对KMV模型进行了检验.并得出结论:在两种情况下,通过KMV模型输出的违约距离(DD)都能有效地识别ST公司与非ST公司,并且随着公司被ST时间的临近,模型的识别能力越来越强.     

行业信用风险分析框架及其在煤炭行业中的应用

从行业偿债来源入手,从债务安全性的角度探讨行业的信用风险水平,力图针对行业偿付现有债务以及未来债务的能力给出量化的分析。提出了信用评级视角的行业信用风险分析方法框架,采用该分析框架对我国煤炭采选行业进行了行业信用风险评价。结果表明,该框架的分析结论与煤炭行业在债券市场的实际表现互为印证。     

钢铁行业上市公司董事会特征研究——基于IT行业的对比分析

本文以2007年32家钢铁行业和30家IT行业上市公司为样本,使用均值比较和T检验的统计方法,从"董事会结构特征"、"构成特征"、"行为特征"、"激励特征"和"素质特征"等5个维度对我国钢铁行业上市公司的董事会特征进行分析,得出钢铁行业上市公司的董事会规模大,行为效率低下,激励水平低、股权激励少,整体素质低等结论,为推进董事会优化建设提供动力支持.     

关于上市公司信用行为缺失的博弈及对策分析

信用问题对于上市会司的发展以及生存现状其有重要意义.运用模式对于上市会司的信用缺失进行分析与论述,上市公司与利益相关者之间存在是否守信、披露真实的信息的博弈过程.本文通过模型的建立和分析旨在寻求最佳的对策方案,把上市公司的信用问题放在不完全信息的条件下进行分析,通过建立一个KMRW声誉模型来对问题进行研究,在提高公司的信用问题上,不仅要依靠行业的自律和市场的监督,更要在上市会司内部形成长效约束与规范机制.     

我国上市公司信用风险评价和度量——基于面板数据Logit模型的实证分析

上市公司的信用风险识别有很多的方法,本文选择构建面板数据的Logit模型进行上市公司的信用风险评价,选择财务指标、市场指标和上市公司的存续时间作为解释变量,实证结果表明,该模型的评价结果具有较高的准确率,有趣的是,上市公司的存续时间和信用风险同向变动.这意味着上市公司的存续时间越长,越需要适当的监管.     

信用评级视角下煤炭机械行业风险特征

以5家煤炭机械上市公司为样本,分析了煤炭机械行业的信用评级概况,总结了煤炭机械行业目前面临的主要风险。分析结果表明,煤炭机械行业整体信用资质一般,行业盈利水平受煤炭行业周期性波动影响大,2012年以来煤炭行业景气度逐步下行导致煤机企业盈利下滑、应收账款高企,回收风险加大,资产周转效率偏低,财富创造能力下降,信用风险上升。在此基础上,结合煤炭行业最新产业政策及煤机行业发展趋势,提出了降低煤炭机械企业信用风险的主要途径。     

非银行金融机构信用风险分析方法研究

自20世纪30年代以来，许多信用风险的分析方法被应用到银行机构的信用风险分析及信用评级中，这其中包括传统的统计学方法，如判别分析法、Logistic回归等，另外还有基于现代计算技术、人工智能的方法，如专家系统、神经网络等。而在非银行机构的信用风险分析领域，国内却鲜有学者进行探讨。基于此，我们对国内的非银行金融机构信用风险方法作了初步的探索，特别是给出了证券类金融机构的信用风险分析详细的指标体系及评价模型。该指标体系将对商业银行进行证券类客户信用评级起到一定的参考作用。     

新常态下商业银行债券投资风险研究

在经济新常态下,随着市场对外进一步开放、利率市场化进程不断推进,债券市场规模快速扩大,发行总量大幅上涨,托管总量持续增加,债券产品不断创新,债券市场迎来了“新常态”式的发展。这也使投资风险进一步升级,呈现信用违约多样化、政策突袭习惯化、利率波动扩大化的特点。债券投资所面临的风险问题,正在影响银行业的稳健经营,并威胁到银行间市场的健康发展。这对债券投资风险的管理提出了新的挑战。     

A Tale of Two Tensions: Balancing Access to Credit and Credit Risk in Mortgage Underwriting

Over the years 2000–2007, mortgage market underwriting conditions eased in response to public policy demands for increased homeownership. This easing of acceptable credit risk in order to accommodate increased access to credit, when coupled with the unanticipated house price declines during the Great Recession, resulted in substantial increases in delinquencies and foreclosures. The response to this mortgage market crisis led to myriad changes in the industry, including tightened underwriting standards and new market regulations. The result is a growing concern that credit standards are now too tight, restricting the recovery of the housing market. Faced with this history, policy analysts, regulators and industry participants have been forced to consider how best to balance the tension inherent in managing mortgage credit risk without unduly restricting access to credit. Our research is unique in providing explicit consideration of this trade‐off in the context of mortgage underwriting. Using recent mortgage market data, we explore whether modern automated underwriting systems (AUS) can be used to extend credit to borrowers responsibly, with a particular focus on target populations that include minorities and those with low and moderate incomes. We find that modern AUS do offer a potentially valuable tool for balancing the tensions of extending credit at acceptable risks, either by using scorecards that mix through‐the‐cycle and stress scorecard approaches or by adjusting the cutpoint—more relaxed cutpoints allow for higher levels of default while providing more access, tighter cutpoints accept fewer borrowers while allowing less credit risk.     

Determinants of Credit Spreads in Commercial Mortgages

This article examines the cross-sectional and time-series determinants of commercial mortgage credit spreads as well as the terms of the mortgages. Consistent with theory, our empirical evidence indicates that mortgages on property types that tend to be riskier and have greater investment flexibility exhibit higher spreads. The relationship between the loan-to-value (LTV) ratio and spreads is relatively weak, which is probably due to the endogeneity of the LTV choice. However, the average LTV ratio per lender has a strong positive relation with credit spreads, which is consistent with the idea that lenders specialize in mortgages with either high or low levels of risk, and that high LTV mortgages require substantially higher spreads. Finally, we observe that spreads widen and mortgage terms become stricter after periods of poor performance of the real estate markets and after periods of greater default rates of outstanding real estate loans.     

The Role of Home Equity Lending in the Recent Mortgage Crisis

Home equity lending grew rapidly from 2000 to 2008 with balances more than tripling. In this article, we examine the role this phenomenon may have played in increasing aggregate default risk during the mortgage crisis. We also document a relationship between growth in home equity lending and high house price depreciation and first mortgage default during the downturn of 2006–2009. Line of credit growth is shown to be associated with large increases in nonowner‐occupied property purchases, suggesting that home equity lines of credit were tapped to fund such investments, exacerbating default rates during the market downturn.     

基于正则藤Copula的行业系统性信用风险传染分析

本文利用国民经济中九大门类行业相关数据,将度量行业信用风险的CCA方法加以改进,并构建正则藤Copula模型,揭示了样本行业间信用风险的非线性相依结构及信用风险传染路径。实证结果显示：各行业信用风险水平不一,但都较好地拟合了实际经济;任意两行业间无条件信用风险大多表现为下尾相关性,但条件信用风险的尾部相关性总体较弱;国民经济行业体系中存在加剧和减缓行业信用风险传染的“风险催化行业”和“条件隔离行业”。最后,提出了有效控制系统性金融风险、防范金融危机的措施建议。     

地方政府债务的挤出效应:基于企业杠杆操纵的证据

地方政府债务对微观经济实体的挤出效应是当前制约中国经济迈向高质量发展阶段的长期性、结构性和体制性问题。迫于地方政府债务扩张对信贷资源的挤占,企业有较强的动机通过粉饰真实杠杆率来增强外部融资能力。基于城市层面的政府债务数据,本文研究了地方政府债务对上市公司杠杆操纵行为的影响。结果表明,地方政府债务扩张显著加剧了企业的杠杆操纵程度,可能导致企业存在虚假降杠杆的情况。考虑内生性问题以及进行一系列稳健性检验后结论依然成立,并且地方政府债务对企业杠杆操纵行为的影响在非公开发行债务占比更大、财政分权与财政压力程度更大的样本中体现得更为明显。进一步研究发现,地方政府债务加剧企业杠杆操纵的结果主要见诸于企业融资约束更强、债务结构更依赖银行贷款、预算硬约束和信息不对称更大的样本。经济后果检验表明,面对地方政府债务扩张,杠杆操纵提升了企业信贷融资能力,但也加剧了企业未来债务违约风险。本文的研究不仅从杠杆操纵的视角为地方政府债务的挤出效应提供了新的证据,也为积极稳妥处理地方政府债务风险、防止企业虚假降杠杆提供了有益的政策启示。     

Do Riskier Borrowers Borrow More?

Conventional wisdom in the mortgage industry holds that loan-to-value (LTV) ratios are positively correlated with mortgage default rates. However, not all empirical studies of mortgage loan performance support this view. This paper offers a theoretical signaling model of why the correlation between LTV ratios and default risk is contingent upon the default costs of the borrower. Specifically, the model proposes that when default costs are high there exists a separating equilibrium in which risky borrowers will self-select into lower LTV loans to reduce the probability of facing a costly default, while safe borrowers will self-select into higher LTV loans as a signal of their enhanced creditworthiness. This adverse selection process gives rise to the possibility of higher default probabilities for lower LTV loans. Conversely, when default costs are low the conventional result, in which risky borrowers select higher LTV loans than safe borrowers, is obtained. Empirical results, based on a sample of 859 single-family residential mortgage loans drawn from the portfolio of a national mortgage lender, are consistent with the separating equilibria predicted by the model.     

Strategic conduct in credit derivative markets

This paper reviews recent research at the intersection of industrial organization and corporate finance on credit default swap (CDS) markets. These markets have been at the center of the financial crisis of 2007–09 and many aspects of their operation are not well understood. The paper covers topics such as counterparty risk in CDS markets, the "empty creditor problem," "naked" CDS positions, super-senior status of credit (and other) derivatives in Chapter 11 bankruptcy, and strategic behavior in CDS settlement auctions.     

企业社会责任相对水平与消费者购买意向关系的实证研究

行业内的相对企业社会责任(CSR)水平与消费者购买意向关系的实证研究表明:行业内的相对CSR水平高(或低),消费者购买意向也相应地高(或低);消费者能够接受的CSR处于行业领先水平企业的产品提价的幅度显著小于要求CSR处于行业落后水平企业的产品降价的幅度;在参照对象分别为CSR处于行业落后水平企业的产品和参照对象为CSR处于行业中等水平企业的产品时,消费者对CSR处于行业领先水平企业的产品的购买意向存在显著差异,但愿意接受的提价幅度没有显著差异。