Cross‐border Economic Activities,Human Capital and Efficiency: A Stochastic Frontier Analysis for OECD Countries

We study the growth effects of outward‐ori,ented econ,o,mies by using sto,chas,tic fron,tier anal,y,sis to mea,sure the effi,ciency exter,nal,i,ties of three forms of eco,n,omic cross‐bor,der activ,i,ties – inter,na,tional trade, for,eign direct invest,ment (FDI) and migra,tion – for OECD coun,tries. The study also exam,ines whether the effi,ciency of these cross‐bor,der activ,i,ties is affected by the level of human cap,i,tal in the host coun,try. We find that inter,na,tional trade and FDI are impor,tant chan,nels for improv,ing effi,ciency, as is human cap,i,tal accu,mu,la,tion, and that the positive effects of inter,na,tional trade, FDI, and migra,tion depend cru,cially on the level of accu,mu,lated human cap,i,tal. Our results show that the impact of human cap,i,tal is impor,tant for increas,ing effi,ciency via inter,na,tional trade flows and FDI flows, while immi,gra,tion into coun,tries that are richer in human cap,i,tal enhances their effi,ciency rel,a,tively more than immi,gra,tion into coun,tries with lower human cap,i,tal. These results remain robust to alter,nate mea,sures of human cap,i,tal, con,trols on edu,ca,tion lev,els among immi,grants, and to a non‐para,met,ric esti,ma,tion of the model.     

Factors Associated with Opinion Seeking

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between opinion seeking and cultural values and individual characteristics in the context of electronic products by surveying cosmopolitan adults of 15 nationalities, namely, American, Australian, British, Dutch, Filipino, German, Hong Konger, Indian, Italian, Japanese, Malaysian, New Zealander, Singaporean, Swedish, and Thai. It finds (i) positive correlation between opinion seeking and power distance, category knowledge, category purchase intention, category innovativeness, opinion giving, market maven, brand loyalty, and susceptibility to interpersonal influence, (ii) negative correlation between opinion seeking and the masculinity and uncertainty avoidance cultural dimensions, category ownership, self-esteem, education, and age, and (iii) no correlation between opinion seeking and individualism, long-term orientation, and risk taking. It then discusses the managerial implications of the findings.     

International Franchising Decision-Making: A Model for Country Choice

The present study examines how a number of market conditions may drive diffusion of franchising. It considers a sample of 63 Spanish franchisors operating through 2321 franchisee outlets across 20 different Latin American countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Uruguay, and Venezuela in January 2011. Results conclude that geographical and cultural distance between the host and home country, as well as the level of the host country's uncertainty avoidance, individualism, political stability, unemployment rate, market potential, and efficiency of contract enforcement, may drive the spread of international franchising. Results reinforce previous research on country choice as to the association between international franchising and the host country's unemployment rate and cultural distance, but also identify differences from other regions in some issues such as political stability. Moreover, new insights relative to the effect of market potential, individualism, uncertainty avoidance, and the efficiency of contract enforcement on international franchise diffusion are also shown.     

自动顶空-气相色谱法测定胶囊中9种残留溶剂

[目的]建立自动顶空-气相色谱法测定胶囊中9种残留溶剂的分析方法。[方法]准确称取样品于顶空瓶中,加入N,N二甲基乙酰胺,加盖密封,放入自动顶空进样器,供气相色谱分析,外标法定量。对不同极性色谱柱进行选择性实验,最终采用DB-624毛细管柱和氢火焰离子化检测器测定,同时对平衡温度和平衡时间等顶空条件以及色谱条件进行优化。[结果]9种溶剂在各自的浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9847-9986,平均回收率为84%-105%,相对标准偏差为0.29%-1.72%。[结论]该方法简便、快速、灵敏、准确,适合胶囊中9种残留溶剂的测定。     

Book review

Bayard, Thomas O., and Kimberly Ann Elliott, Reciprocity and Retaliation in U.S. Trade Policy, Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics, 1994, 503 pages.

Rugman, Alan M. (Ed.), Foreign Investment and NAFTA, Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1994, xii + 340 pages.

Zahra, Shaker A., and Abbas J. Ali (Eds.), The Impact of Innovation and Technology in the Global Marketplace, Binghamton Haworth Press, 1994, 222 pages.

Connolly, Michael, and Jaime de Melo (Eds.), The Effects of Protectionism on a Small Country: The Case of Uruguay, Washington, DC, The World Bank, 1994, 172 pages.

Andersson, Thomas, Managing Trade Relations in the New World Economy, New York: Routledge, 1993, 183 pages.

Rondinelli, Dennis A. (Ed.), Expanding Sino-American Business and Trade: China's Economic Transition, Westport, CT: Quorum Books, 1994, ix + 270 pages.

Chukwumeiue, Okezie, Choice of Law and International Commercial Arbitration, Westport, CT: Quorum, 1994, xii + 218 pages.

Welford, Richard, and Kate Prescott (Eds.), European Business: An Issue Based Approach, 2nd Edition, Philadelphia, PA: Trans Atlantic Publishers, Inc., 1994, 384 pages.

Copeland, Laurence, Exchange Rates and International Finance, Second Edition, Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1994, xiv + 455 pages.

Surajaras, Patchara, and Richard Sweeney, Profit-Making Speculation in Foreign Exchange Markets, Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1992, 280 pages.

Esty, Daniel C., Greening the GATT: Trade, Environment, and the Future, Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics, 1994, 319 pages.

Scherer, F. M., Competition Policies for an Integrated World Economy, Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 1994, xxii + 133 pages.

Safarian, A. E., Multinational Enterprise and Public Policy: A Study of the Industrial Countries, Hants, England: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, 1993, 581 pages.     

Corruption: the corporate perspective

Corruption (bribery, extortion, blackmail, favor-currying, abuse of insider information, nepotism, favoritism, mafias, protection rackets, siphoning off funds, laundering illicit money) is a source of concern for governments, entrepreneurs, private individuals, non-governmental organizations, companies – indeed, for society as a whole, on a number of levels; economic, sociopolitical, and ethical. The purpose of this article is primarily to explain why corruption is a cause for concern for companies. It begins by explaining what corruption is, describing how it occurs and offering a causal explanation, and then goes on to describe how it occurs in companies and why it is a cause of concern for them.     

Book Reviews

Caves, Richard E., and Associates, Industrial Efficiency in Six Nations, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1992, xii + 492 pages.

National Research Council, Panel on Foreign Trade Statistics, Behind the Numbers: U.S. Trade in the World Economy, Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1992, xi + 297 pages.

Fischer, Klaus, and George J. Papaioannou (eds.), Business Finance in Less Developed Capital Markets, Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1992, xi + 391 pages.

Krugman, Paul R., Currencies and Crises, Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1992, xix + 219 pages.

Howell, Thomas R., Alan Wm. Wolff, Brent L. Bartlett, and R. Michael Gadbaw, Conflict Among Nations: Trade Policies in the 1990s, Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1992, xiv + 633 pages.

Starr, Martin K., Global Corporate Alliances and the Competitive Edge: Strategies and Tactics for Management, New York: Quorum Books, 1991, xiii + 236 pages.

Liesch, Peter W., Government Mandated Countertrade, Aldershot, England: Avebury, 1991, xv + 172 pages.

Kotabe, Masaaki, Global Sourcing Strategy: R&D, Manufacturing, and Marketing Interfaces, New York: Quorum Books, 1992, xviii + 237 pages.     

略论中国当代社会伦理中的敬德

中国自古以来就讲究敬德,并以敬德为引导,贯穿个人道德修养、成为君子、齐家、治国、平天下始终.敬德的内涵很丰富,可以是个人,可以是国家、民族、人民、自然规律等,前者称之为敬人,后者称之为敬业.但由于市场经济的飞跃、科技的发展、知识大爆炸,引发中国当代社会伦理关系中敬德的崩陷,并由此带出的一系列社会问题,由此初步探讨了敬德的涵义,通过对社会现象的分析,讨论了为何敬德会崩陷的几个方面的原因,以及探讨了在当代社会伦理背景下重建敬德的必要性和重建之路.     

波纹管式换热器高效节能

波纹管式换热器是一种新型强化传热式高效节能热交换设备，具有传热系数高，体积小，换热量大；不易结垢，使用寿命长；机构紧凑，占地面积小；流动阻力小，动力消耗少，耐热、耐压性能好等特点。它广泛应用于集中供热高层建筑热水供应系统及电力、轻工、化工、炼油等领域。     

2006 Partenariat Preparation Smoothly Ongoing

On April 3, the first commission session of 2006 Partenariat was held in CCPIT, the attendees included Yu Ping, Vice Chairman of CCPIT, Sui Jianmin, Director General of CCPIT International Relations Department,Guo Qizhou, Project Manager of the EU-China Partenariat 2006, Han Meiqing, Director in charge of International Organizations Affairs at the Department of International Relations, CCPIT, representatives from EU Delegation, National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Minstry of Commerce, etc..     

Capitalizing on emerging markets

Miller, R. (1998) Selling to Newly Emerging Markets, Westport, CT: Quorum Books, 274 pages, ISBN 1 56720 044 3 Dixon, J. and Newman, D. (1998) Entering the Chinese Market: The Risks and Discounted Rewards, Westport, CT: Quorum Books, 1 56720 137 7 Bullis, D. (1998) Doing Business in Today's India, Westport, CT: Quorum Books, 320 pages, ISBN 1 56720 136 9     

高职院校校史馆育人功能的发挥障碍及其解决

高职院校校史馆担负传承优良传统、宣讲校情校史、表彰优秀教师、记录优秀校友、呈现职教魅力的基本职能,发挥承载集体记忆、弘扬学校精神、倡导端正教风、宣扬奋斗品格、熔铸职业精神的育人功能。然而,这些功能受制于版面、板块,场地、时段,途径、方法等因素,面对育人内容少、育人频次低、育人层面窄三重障碍。有鉴于此,应通过明确办馆目的,凸显职教宗旨、创新办馆思路,强化育人主题、优化管理方式,提升育人效能来清除障碍。     

Residence after retirement: A review and bibliometric analysis

This study reviews the literature on the residence after retirement via Systematic Literature Network Analysis, which consists of the systematic literature review and bibliometric network analysis. There are three research questions, including (1) what the most recent studies are on the residence after retirement, (2) Who the most significant authors, documents, and sources are in residence after retirement, and (3) whether the extant research structure could guide the future agenda for the residence after retirement. Based on the systematic literature review, this study extracts 50 publications from the Scopus database by keyword, document type, source type, publication period, language, and subject area relevant to the residence after retirement. This study analyzes data employing Nvivo, VOSviewer, and SciMAX. The clusters of authors, countries, keywords, documents, and sources linked with relevant studies on the residence after retirement are according to the co-authorship (1) author, (2) country/territory, (3) keyword, and (4) document. Skitmore, M., Xia, B., Buys, I., Hu, X., Hu, Y., and Chen, Q. who the most influential authors are in residence after retirement. The themes of aging, continuing care retirement community, retirement village, and their associated keywords contribute to future research on the residence after retirement.     

Emotions and consumer behaviour: A review and research agenda

Consumers' emotions play a salient role in consumers' buying process, their consumption behaviours, and their engagement with product/service offerings, owing to which, it has gained much attention in recent years as an area of inquiry. However, literature in this field/subject is theoretically fragmented. Therefore, to enhance the conceptual understanding, this study synthesizes extant literature, using a hybrid review approach. Herein, we attempt to integrate bibliometric analysis, along with the theories, contexts, characteristics, and methodology framework, while consolidating and classifying the domain knowledge, trends, and progress/citation analysis using the bibliometric approach. In the process, we reviewed 384 conceptual and empirical articles, published during the period 1967–2021. The idea was to identify key theories, constructs, research contexts, and methods, based on which, we propose a few potential research areas. Based on our thorough analysis, these areas include (1) consumer co-creation, (2) consumer engagement, (3) service employee interactions, (4) consumer decision making, and (5) consumption experience.     

连续式与循环式稻谷烘干机技术经济性能探讨

介绍了我国稻谷干燥的现状和稻谷烘干机的原理及研究应用现状,对连续式与循环式稻谷烘干机的技术经济性能进行了对比分析,得出了以下结论:循环式稻谷烘干机适用于产量小的低温优质干燥,如种子干燥或南方小产量的零散式谷物干燥,具有烘后粮食品质好、发芽率不受影响、爆腰、破碎率低等优点,而投资成本较高,干燥效率和生产率较低;连续式稻谷烘干机适用于常规食用稻谷干燥和大产量稻谷干燥,具有结构简单,工艺配置灵活简单,价格低廉,干燥效率和生产率高,烘后粮食品质较好、干燥成本低廉等优点。     

Book review

Thomas, Vinod, John Nash, and associates, Best Practices in Trade Policy Reform, Washington, DC: World Bank Publications, 1991, xiii + 226 pages.

Turner, Charlie G., Japan's Dynamic Efficiency in the Global Market: Trade, Investment, and Economic Growth, New York: Quorum Books, 1991, xiv + 177 pages.

de Melo, Jaime, and David Tarr, A General Equilibrium Analysis of US Foreign Trade Policy, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1992, pp. xviii + 289.

McGarry, Michael J., and Andrew Schmitz, The World Grain Trade: Grain Marketing, Institutions, and Policies, Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1992, xx + 511 pages.

Islam, Shafiqul (ed.), Yen for Development: Japanese Foreign Aid and the Politics of Burden Sharing, New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1991, xii + 243 pages.

Heckscher, Eli, and Bertil Ohlin, Heckscher-Ohlin Trade Theory, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1992, x + 222 pages (translated, edited, and introduced by Harry Flam and M. June Flanders).     

Natural Resources,Wage Growth and Institutions – a Panel Approach

This paper exam,ines the effect of nat,u,ral resource export depen,dence and fis,cal respon,si,bil,ity on wage growth, which is derived from the labour first‐order con,di,tion and esti,mated using a panel growth‐account,ing frame,work. Using annual data, the study accounts for the var,i,abil,ity of resource rev,e,nues, one of the major dif,fi,cul,ties of man,ag,ing these resources. The con,trol vari,ables include the most cru,cial growth fac,tors. Due to insuf,fi,cient annual data, human cap,i,tal is only con,sid,ered inside wages as in many endog,e,nous growth mod,els. We esti,mate the influ,ence on real wage growth aris,ing from the growth‐impacts of nat,u,ral resources through labour and cap,i,tal effi,ciency while con,trol,ling for fis,cal respon,si,bil,ity, which proves a suit,able proxy for pol,i,cies and insti,tu,tions in a sin,gle‐panel case. The results show that respon,si,ble fis,cal pol,icy, assessed by the bud,get bal,ance, pre,vents (var,i,able) dif,fuse and point‐source resources from hin,der,ing real wage growth (through labour effi,ciency), a result also sig,nif,i,cant in a sub‐sam,ple of un‐free coun,tries. The hypoth,e,sis of a resource curse work,ing through insti,tu,tions and reflected on real wage growth holds for resource export shares, but not adjust,ing for re‐expor,ta,tion. Over,all, resource effects are jointly insig,nif,i,cant, even though point‐source resources show a positive impact through cap,i,tal effi,ciency.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Books reviewed in this article: Andreas, Carol, Meatpackers and Beef Barons: Company Town in a Global Economy Bowlby, Rachel, Shopping with Freud Folbre, Nancy, Who Pays for the Kids? Gender and the Structures of Constraint Frank, Dana, Purchasing Power: Consumer Organizing, Gender, and the Seattle Labor Movement, 1919–1929 Jakle, John A. and Keith A. Sculle, The Gas Station in America Krebs, Dagmar and Peter Schmidt, editors, New Directions in Attitude Measurement Lyon, David, The Electronic Eye: The Rise of Surveillance Society McPherson, Michael S., Morton Owen Schapiro, and Gordon C. Winston, editors, Paying the Piper: Productivity, Incentives, and Financing in U.S. Higher Education Morse, Richard L. D., editor, The Consumer Movement: Lectures by Colston E. Warne Parcel, Toby L. and Elizabeth G. Menaghan, Parents' Jobs and Children's Lives Poterba, James M., editor, International Comparisons of Household Saving Rubin, Rose M. and Bobye J. Riney, Working Wives and Dual-Earner Families Whiteley, Nigel, Design for Society     

美国财险公司投资示范法研究与借鉴

《保险公司投资示范法》NAIC在美国影响广泛,对财险公司的投资规范涉及基本原则、准备金投资的特殊要求、分散投资规则,以及对有评级信用工具、投资集合工具、股票、抵押贷款、房地产、用于出租的个人财产、融券、回购和逆回购、衍生工具及外国投资等具体投资品种的限制措施,行文严密、科学合理。根据我国的实际,可以借鉴以下几点:鼓励价值投资、根据信用等级等安全性指标区分比例限制、明确比例限制的计算基数、从4个角度加以综合限制、注意对不同种类资产比例限制的协调性以便为统一法规的形成奠定基础、有意识地探索对寿险和财险公司的差别化限制措施。     

Book Reviews

Geography and Trade by PAUL KRUGMAN (Cambridge MA, London, MIT Press, 1991), pp. xi and 142, £15.95 hardback, ISBN 0 262 11159 4. Reforming Central and Eastern European Economies — Initial Results and Challenges by VITTORIO CORBO, FABRIZIO CORICELLI and JAN BOSSAK (eds.), (Washington: The World Bank, 1991, obtainable in the UK from Microinfo Ltd., Po Box 3, Omega Park, Alton, Hampshire, GU34 2PG) pp. xiv and 299, ISBN 0 8213 1893 4. Financial Enterprise in South Africa Since 1950 by STUART JONES (ed.), (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1992), pp. xiv and 316, ISBN 0 333 52412 8. Commodities in Crisis by ALFRED MAIZELS (Oxford, New York, The Clarendon Press, 1992), pp. xviii and 307, £35.000 hardback, ISBN 0 19 828387 An Economic Analysis of the EC by JØRGEN ULFF-MØLLER NIELSON, HANS HEINRICH and JØRGEN DRUD HANSEN (London, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1992), pp. xiii and 247, £17.95 softback, ISBN 0 07 707422 X. Economic Integration and Financial Liberalization, Prospects for Southern Europe by HEATHER D. GIBSON and EUCLID TSAKALOTOS (eds.), (Basingstoke: Macmillan in association with St Antony's College, Oxford, 1992), pp. xiv and 209, ISBN 0 333 54444 7. Dynamic International Oil Markets, Oil Market Developments and Structure 1860–1990 by COBY VAN DER LINDE (Dordrecht, Boston, London: Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, 1992), pp. 224, Dfl 165.00, US $94.00, £56.00 hardback, ISBN 0 7923 1478 6. GATT and Conflict Management, A Transatlantic Strategy for a Stronger Regime by REINHARD RODE (ed.), (Oxford: Westview Press, 1990), pp. 125, US $28.50, £18.95 softback, ISBN 0 8133 7967 9.