饮食指导对泌尿系结石复发率的影响

目的探讨饮食指导对泌尿系结石复发率的影响。方法选取68例患者,随机将其分为对照组和试验组,各34例。对照组34例患者给予常规对症治疗,试验组34例患者在常规对症治疗的基础上给予饮食指导。随访1年,观察两组患者结石的复发率。结果试验组患者结石复发率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论饮食指导可以降低泌尿系结石的复发率。     

中西医结合治疗泌尿系结石护理体会

目的探讨中西医结合治疗泌尿系结石患者正确、有效的护理方法。方法回顾我院2011年3月~2012年5月期间收治的25例泌尿系结石患者,总结一般护理、饮食调护及情志护理等措施及其重要性。结果本组25例患者中,治愈16例,好转8例,未愈1例,总有效率96%。结论在给予中西医结合治疗泌尿系结石患者的同时,给予正确、有效的护理措施,有利于缓解病情、促进病情痊愈,缩短住院时间,减少经济负担。     

泌尿系结石体外碎石合并中医排石350例临床观察

目的探讨观察体外碎石合并中医排石的治疗方法对泌尿系结石的临床效果。方法选择在我院泌尿外科接受治疗的泌尿系结石患者350例,对照组单纯进行中医排石的治疗,观察组在中医排石治疗的基础上加以体外碎石[1],经一段时间的治疗比较分析两组恢复情况。结果观察组的治疗总有效率显著高于对照组,分别为91.4%和78.9%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论体外碎石法合并中医排石治疗泌尿系结石的临床治愈率高,且治疗后出现的并发症几率小,是一种治疗泌尿系结石科学可靠的方法,具有十分重要的临床意义[2]。     

钬激光治疗泌尿系结石临床观察

目的研究钬激光治疗泌尿系结石的安全性及有效性。方法选取我院2010年4月~2012年12月收治的126例钬激光治疗的泌尿系结石患者进行回顾性分析。结果单次手术成功率是94.4%(119/126)仅有21例因术后患者护理不当而导致尿路感染。结论经实践证明,钬激光治疗泌尿系结石效果佳、安全可靠,且碎石率高。     

B超定位监测体外震波碎石治疗泌尿系结石临床效果观察

目的对运用B超定位监测体外的震波碎石的方法治疗泌尿系结石的临床效果进行分析和探讨。方法选择我院从2012年1月~12月收治87例泌尿系的结石患者,运用随机的方式将其分为观察组(53例)和对照组(34例),对照组患者运用常规的治疗方法,观察组患者运用B超定位监测体外震波碎石的方法治疗,对两组患者的临床治疗例效果进行比较。结果观察组的患者经过治疗后总有效率为96.2%,对照组治疗后总有效率为73.5%,两组存在差异具有明显的统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组的患者在治疗的过程中有少数患者出现了血尿,症状未经过特殊处理就恢复正常,未发现肾内血肿、肾周积液的并发症发生。结论运用B超定位监测体外的震波碎石的方法治疗泌尿系统的结石是一种非常有效且安全的方法,在临床上值得进行广泛推广和应用。     

间苯三酚治疗急诊泌尿系结石致肾绞痛的效果

目的探讨间苯三酚在急诊泌尿系结石致肾绞痛中的治疗效果。方法选取2017年4—10月中山市西区医院收治的急诊泌尿系结石致肾绞痛患者50例作为研究对象,随机分为642-2组与间苯三酚组,每组25例。642-2组患者给予642-2 10 mg静脉滴注治疗,间苯三酚组患者给予间苯三酚80 mg静脉滴注治疗,比较两组患者的止痛效果及不良反应。结果用药后30 min,间苯三酚组的视觉模拟评分低于642-2组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);642-2组的止痛总有效率为76.0%,间苯三酚组的止痛总有效率为92.0%,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);642-2组的不良反应发生率为52.0%,间苯三酚组为12.0%,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论间苯三酚在急诊泌尿系结石致肾绞痛的治疗效果显著,可明显缓解患者疼痛,降低不良反应发生率。     

43例泌尿系结石患者的中医护理效果分析

目的探讨泌尿系结石患者的中医护理效果。方法我院自2011年9月至2012年9月收治泌尿系结石患者86例,随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各43例。对照组给予常规护理措施,治疗组患者在常规护理措施基础上给予中医护理,观察两组患者治疗后康复评价量表评分,统计两组患者临床护理效果。结果治疗组治疗后第1天康复评价得分为40.5,治疗后第3天康复评分为80.6,治疗后第5天康复评分为90.7;而对照组治疗后第1天康复评分为40.7,治疗后第3天康复评分为62.5,治疗后第5天康复评分为86.5。两组相比较,治疗后第3天和第5天的康复评分差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论泌尿系结石患者的中医护理效果显著,值得推广应用。     

胆道结石再手术临床效果观察

目的采取措施对胆道结石再手术的临床疗效进行系统性观察与研究。方法从医院收治的胆道结石患者中随机选择36例,利用回顾性分析的方法对胆道结石患者首次手术资料与诊治结果进行分析,探寻胆道结石再手术的因由、处理措施以及临床效果。结果经过一段时间的治疗与护理,36例患者未出现术后并发症,在术后半年的随访中有2例患者的效果较差。同时胆道结石再手术的原因为患者的胆管残余结石,并和胆道的病变、结石的位置、手术的操作与手术方式的选择以及患者的体质具有一定的关联。结论胆道结石再手术在执行过程中需要坚持科学纠正胆管狭窄、有效清除结石、构建通畅的引流通道为原则,为患者的生存创造良好的内部环境。     

气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石78例

目的研究气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石的临床效果。方法选取我院于2009年5月至2010年5月收治的78例输尿管结石患者,均接受气压弹道碎石术治疗,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 78例患者手术时间为(42.7±9.4)min,19例为上段结石,其中17例一次性碎石成功,59例为中下段结石,其中58例一次性碎石成功,总一次性成功率为96.2%。术后最长住院时间为16d,最短7d,平均10.2d,均痊愈出院。我院对所有患者进行半年以上随访,发现78例患者均恢复良好,无1例出现显著并发症,预后效果好。结论针对输尿管结石应用气压弹道碎石术治疗,临床效果显著,同时不易引发并发症,有着积极的临床意义,适于临床进一步推广。     

经皮肾镜碎石取石治疗输尿管上段结石100例的临床疗效

目的探讨经皮肾镜碎石取石治疗输尿管上段结石100例患者的临床疗效。方法 100例输尿管上段结石患者按取石方法不同分为两组,观察组患者行经皮肾镜碎石取石手术,对照组患者行输尿管镜碎石取石手术,比较两组患者的手术治疗效果。结果观察组患者结石清除率、术后血常规正常率明显高于对照组(P<0.05),观察组患者术后发热率明显低于对照组(P<0.05),观察组患者碎石时间、术后住院时间明显短于对照组(P<0.05)。结论经皮肾镜碎石取石治疗上尿路结石具有创伤小、并发症少、疗效明显、结石清除率高等优点。     

How well are women doing? Female non-employment across UK regions

Discussions of the UK's recent labour market performance commonly mention the contrasting trends in the unemployment rate (down), the employment rate (up) and the inactivity rate (flat). These same commentaries also notice that the ‘flatness’ of the overall inactivity rate masks contrasting trends by sex, with male rates (slowly rising) and female rates (slowly falling) and then proceed to discuss male inactivity in some detail before concluding. Bypassing the composition of female inactivity, these commentaries fail to notice that the male and the female proportions of the population not working by reason of sickness or disability are quite similar. Equally they have rarely noticed that male and female non-employment rates display a very similar regional hierarchy with female rates in the ‘North’ as much as 50% higher than those in the ‘South’, and that there is an even steeper North–South gradient in some of the components of non-employment. For example, sickness and disability rates for females in the North are up to 10% of the working age population, while in the South rates are typically less than half that size.     

Gender Imbalance: The Male/Female Sex Ratio Determination

Synopsis The aim of this paper is to develop a rational choice model for male/female sex ratio determination. The equilibrium sex ratio at birth is determined by the preference for sons and birth rates. The conventional theory predicts that low birth rate will increase the disparity between male and female births. However, our model predicts that low birth rate will decrease the sex ratio at birth. The argument has relevance both for positive and normative aspects of demographic composition, as well as other applications.     

Workforce gender effects on firm performance and workers’ pay: evidence for the UK

Using linked workplace–worker data for the UK, a number of hypotheses are tested related to individual gender and the gender composition of the workforce. The proportion of female workers per establishment is strongly negatively associated with median workplace pay. There is some evidence that workplace performance (but not employment size or growth) is positively associated with the female–male workforce ratio. For workers, the female wage penalty (which is substantial) is strongly influenced by the female–male workforce ratio. In addition, commensurate with gender discrimination, those who manage female workers receive lower wages but professional workers in the same establishments do not.     

当代中国女性人口迁移的发展及其结构特征

近年中国的人口迁移得到了大发展,其中女性的增长速度显著超过了男性,人口迁移中长期的男性优势基本上已不复存在。女性迁入人口对经济较发达的东南沿海城市化地区有很高的集中度,主要迁出源是位于中西部的江西、湖南、安徽、四川等省区。在不同的女性人口之间,较年轻的未婚者迁移率明显高于已婚者,此外,受教育程度、民族成分等对迁移率也有一定的影响。     

Female employment and occupational changes in the 1990s: How is the EU performing relative to the US?

This paper provides a comparison of the incidence and composition of female employment both in the EU and in the US. Despite a significant increase in female labour market participation in the EU, about 50% of the difference between the employment rates in the US and the EU can still be attributed to differences in the educational attainments and the employment rates of women aged 25–54. We highlight the main features of female employment in both areas, paying particular attention to the differences across age cohorts and educational levels. Our main findings are as follows: (i) the educational level of the EU female population is slowly converging to that of the US across age cohorts, (ii) the employment rates of less educated women are much lower in the EU than in the US (with the exceptions of the Scandinavian countries) even for women aged 25–34, and (iii) occupational segregation is lower for the younger highly educated women who seem to be entering more typically male occupations and less typically female occupations, although at a higher rate in the US than in the EU.     

少数民族残疾人的社会经济状况

利用2006年第二次全国残疾人抽样调查数据对中国少数民族人群残疾现患率的流行特征、社会经济状况及其与汉族残疾人的差异进行比较分析。少数民族男性的残疾现患率(6.46%)高于女性(6.03%)。初中及以上教育程度的女性少数民族残疾人仅有10.04%。居住在农村的少数民族残疾人,大约有25%生活在国家规定的农村贫困标准以下,71%的农村少数民族残疾人没有参与任何形式的社会保险。农村、女性、老年残疾人是今后少数民族残疾人扶贫和社会保障覆盖重点干预对象;要优先提高女性残疾人的受教育水平。     

Macroeconomic Effects of Reducing Gender Wage Inequality in an Export-Oriented, Semi-Industrialized Economy

The paper presents two short-run, structuralist models of an export-oriented, two-sector, semi-industrialized economy in which women workers are concentrated in export production. The first model analyzes the comparative static effects of an exogenous increase in female wages holding male wages and the exchange rate constant. The second model endogenizes the female–male wage ratio and the real exchange rate, assuming flexible nominal wages and a crawling-peg exchange rate. Either stable or unstable dynamics are possible. In the stable cases, a depreciation policy can either close or widen the gender wage gap.     

不同方案药物治疗泌尿系统感染的经济学探析

目的对不同药物治疗方案在泌尿系统感染治疗中的经济学价值进行评价分析。方法抽取我院收治的泌尿系统感染患者168例,将其按照治疗方法分成甲、乙、丙三组,甲组患者采取左氧氟沙星片联合通淋颗粒进行治疗,乙组患者采取单纯左氧氟沙星片进行治疗,丙组患者采取头孢特仑新戊酯片进行治疗,对比三组患者的临床疗效和经济成本。结果甲乙丙三种方案的成本-效果比值以丙组最高(P<0.05),甲组最低(P<0.05)。结论甲组治疗方案采取中西医结合方式进行治疗,疗效显著,经济成本较低,为治疗最佳方案,值得关注。     

FERTILITY SHOCKS AND EQUILIBRIUM MARRIAGE‐RATE DYNAMICS

Female marriage probabilities were 50% higher in France in the years after World War 1, despite a large drop in the sex ratio. We develop a model of marital matching in which composition effects in the singles pool affect postdisruption matching rates. When calibrated to French data from World War 1, this mechanism explains 2/3 of the postwar rise in female marriage probabilities as the result of better composition of the pool of single men. We conclude that endogeneity issues make the sex ratio a potentially unreliable indicator of female marriage prospects.     

Surplus men and scarce women: The impact of mating competition on the desire for sons in China*

We conducted this research to explore the possible factors shaping son preference, with a view to understanding the persistently high male/female sex ratio. Using data from the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) and the Population Census of China, we find a significant impact of regional sex ratio on people's preferences for the sex of their future children. Specifically, the extent of son preference decreases with the increase in the male/female sex imbalance in the local area. We also find that sex imbalance has a positive impact on a wide range of outcomes that capture the pressure on males to enter marriage markets, such as regional housing prices, the number of houses owned, and family economic status. This result is consistent with the view that greater sex imbalance exerts larger pressure on men in the marriage market, leading to changes in son preference. Omitted variable bias is addressed by using climate changes in the month preceding the fertilization period as an instrument for sex ratio. Instrumental sex ratio negatively impacts son preference, offering strong support for our hypothesis.