不同弹性常数下封隔器胶筒性能研究

在油气田分层开采工艺中,封隔器是分隔地层的重要部件,胶筒和套管间的接触应力决定了封隔器工作的可靠性和寿命。通过对超弹性材料的理论分析,建立了胶筒有限元模型,采用非线性有限元方法对胶筒工作状态进行数值模拟,研究了胶筒工作过程中不同弹性常数对胶筒和套管间接触应力分布的影响。结果表明随着弹性常数的增加,胶筒接触压力逐渐增大。     

封隔器胶筒形状对密封效果的影响分析

随着世界油气开发进入难动用阶段时,分层压裂改造已经成为油气田开发的主要工艺,在分压改造过程中桥塞和封隔器是压裂工艺中的主要工具,通过胶筒的变形对井筒进行封隔,胶筒直接影响着桥塞和封隔器的密封效果。本文以压缩式封隔器胶筒为例,利用Ansys软件分析了光滑胶筒和粗糙表面胶筒在相同轴向载荷作用下的密封性能,发现在表面粗糙颗粒半径在0.5mm-1.0mm时,密封效果优于光滑表面胶筒的密封性能。     

无伤害洗井管柱现场应用

本文阐述了WSH/Y-Ⅳ型无伤害洗井管柱的内部结构和工艺原理,管柱坐封于油层上部套管,卡瓦坐封后,单流阀及封隔器胶筒以上油套连通,地层液通过单流阀进入胶筒以上环空。洗井时单流阀以上连通,从而避免了洗井液进入地层,避免了洗井液对地层的伤害。洗井后大大缩短排液时间,上作业时只需上提管柱即可实现解封。2009年在王集区块成功应用五口油井。     

大庆油田浅井地层测试工艺浅议

针对超浅井地层测试中因环空压力小、管柱重量轻、封隔器坐封难、开关井操作难的问题,分析了各测试工具的性能特点,设计出一套解决测试工具性能、管柱结构和工作制度的超浅井地层测试工艺技术。认为计算好封隔器所需钻压及油管、钻杆数量,保证封隔器坐封严密,减少开关井次数是测试成功的关键。     

Y341防突封隔器坐封模拟研究

本文以Y341防突封隔器为研究对象,建立封隔器有限元模型,并简单介绍了分析该胶筒所采用的Mooney-Rivlin模型,分析了不同载荷对胶筒接触应力的影响,得出了胶筒接触应力沿轴向的分布规律,并从中可以看出封隔器的密封性能主要取决于中胶筒,其结果可为优化封隔器胶筒的结构起指导作用。     

耐高温高压封隔器密封材料研究与应用

封隔器是石油勘探开发中井下作业的重要工具之一,为确保层间封隔,顺利高效完成井下作业,封隔器上的密封元件——胶筒,是封隔器的核心部件。本项目皆在研究开发出耐高温(150℃~170℃)耐高压(35~55Mpa)新型密封材料——封隔器胶筒。     

上提加压式封隔器座封井口预留方余的确定

本文从理论上分析了管柱及带封隔器的管柱在充满流体的铅直井中的受力、变形;推导出上提加压式封隔器坐封高度及通常情况下坐封高度的简化计算式,对现场估算钻具在井中伸长变形及确定封隔器坐封高度提供了一种简便计算方法,并根据实际应用与理论计算的出入,给出适用条件。     

注水新工艺的研究与应用

对于分层注水井来说,井下封隔器发挥着重要作用,如果封隔器在密封方面存在问题,将会直接影响分注效果,甚至影响油田的开发。本文通过研究分析K344、Y341封隔器的实际应用情况,对封隔器进行创新,研制出了新型的封隔器,进而在一定程度上彻底解决了井下封隔器坐封不严、不坐封的问题。     

可取式油管桥塞坐封技术的研究与应用

叙述可取式油管桥塞的基本结构与工作原理,分析适用范围和特点,介绍作业步骤和应用情况。应用可取式油管桥塞实践证明:具有成功率高、坐封可靠、耐压高、上下承受压差高、坐封方式灵活、坐封控制准确、解封简单等特点,是理想的带压作业封堵工具,具有广阔的推广应用前景。     

NR／BR并用胶在气动人工肌肉可膨胀气囊上的应用

气动人工肌肉是一种新型气动元件,主要应用干机器人技术中,由内部橡胶筒套及外部纤维编织网构成.本文介绍了橡胶筒套的研制.胶料采用NR/BR(并用比80/20)并用胶,针对脱模难的问题,产品采用整体模芯及上模和下模组成的模具硫化.研制得橡胶筒套满足气动人工肌肉的要求.     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

Ansätze und Ergebnisse anglo-amerikanischer M&A-Forschung

Based on a review of established U.S. management journals (1995–2003), six schools of thought are identified within the Anglo-American M&;A research: “Capital Market”, “Principal/Agent”, “Industrial Organization”, “Organizational Behavior”, “Human Resources” and “Strategic Management”. The literature review shows that the definition of M&;A success, the methods applied, and insights from empirical research differ according to the respective school of thought. Empirical studies focus on the resource combinations of merger partners, the specific circumstances of merger negotiations, and on integration management as antecedents of merger performance. Unfortunately, empirical findings have not yet provided reliable explanations for M&;A success. Based on the current state of Anglo-American M&;A research, the authors discuss implications for business practice, identify research gaps, and propose areas for future research.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.