精益生产方式之单元生产的应用研究

对精益生产方式下单元生产的相关理论和方法进行研究,以某企业的眼镜生产过程为例,介绍了精益生产方式下的单元生产在企业的实际应用。通过对比分析,在不同客户需求状态下,选用最优的单元生产方式,使生产线平衡率得到了改善,提高了企业的生产效率,降低了制造成本。     

精益生产方式下的丰田文化

精益生产方式产生于日本丰田公司,是“为实现企业对员工、社会和产品负责的目的,以彻底杜绝浪费的思想为目标,在连续改善的基础上,采用准时化与自动化方式与方法,追求制造产品合理性的一种生产方式”。在研究和学习精益生产方式过程中,人们往往只注意到了适时生产制、看板管理、目视管理等现象,而忽视了丰田文化对精益生产方式的基础作用。事实上,精益生产的背后是精益文化。丰田制造系统和丰田文化是丰田可持续发展的两大基因,丰田精益生产方式本身,正是丰田文化熏陶下的持续改善在技术层面的表现,是精益生产方式活的灵魂。     

精益生产方式的再认识

精益生产方式是被实践证明了的最先进的管理模式之一。但是,通过对一些企业推行精益生产方式的调查研究。我们认为推行精益生产方式欲取得成功,有必要认清几个问题。推行精益生产方式不仅是生产经营方式的变革,更重要的是管理观念的革命。长期以来。我国企业的管理思想和模式都是适应计划经济的要求而建立的,思维的基本特征是以生产为中心,以计划为起点。而精益生产方式是在不断适应买方市场和用户需求多样化的过程中形成的,并在市场竞争中显示了强大的优势。其思维的一个主要特点。就是以市场和用户为中心,把销售作为生产经营的起点…     

精益生产方式下战略成本管理要素分析

精益生产方式是美国麻省理工学院从事“国际汽车计划”的专家对日本“丰田生产方式”的美称,与传统的大批量生产方式相比,只需要一半的人员、一半的场地、一半的投资、一半的生产周期、一半的产品开发时间和少得多的库存,就能生产品质更高、品种更多的产品。精益生产方式下的成本管理是以客户价值增值为导向,融合精益设计、精益采购、精益生产、精益物流和精益客户服务技术,把精益管理思想与成本管理思想结合,从设计、采购、生产和服务上全方位控制企业价值链上所发生的成本,以达到企业价值链成本最优。与传统生产方式下战略成本管理系统相比,精益生产方式下战略成本管理要素的变化主要反映在企业的外部环境的机会和威胁、内部环境的优势和劣势、行业的“五种力量”、外部和内部价值链、战略定位等方面。     

粮油饲料机械制造企业的精益生产研究与分析

精益生产方式是解决当前企业面临的重大问题的一种重要方法,针对粮油饲料机械制造企业来对精益生产方式进行简要论述,主要分析精益生产方式的概念,粮油饲料机械制造企业实施精益生产的原因以及策略。     

精益生产方式在广烟配香中心的应用研究

精益生产方式在现代企业中的应用越来越普遍,越来越被企业当作提高核心竞争力的一种重要方式。精益生产的核心是在必要的时候按必要的量生产必要的产品。企业应根据自身的实际情况和产品特点,摸索一条最适合自己的精益之路,文章探讨了精益生产方式在广烟配香中心的应用,以供参考。     

浅谈精益生产在企业中的应用

精益生产顺应了时代的发展,以小批量、多品种的生产方式赢得了消费者的认可,同时也为企业带来了效益。本文主要对一些中小型企业生产发展中存在的问题进行分析,结合精益生产在企业中应用的优势条件,提出了应该如何在企业中推行精益生产的策略。     

精益生产方式在企业中的应用研究综述

全球经济一体化对我国企业来说,既是前所未有的历史机遇机遇,也是空前的巨大挑战。在这样的背景下,国际制造业的生产方式正在发生深刻的变化,采取什么样的生产组织方式是目前世界范围内生产制造企业普遍关心和探索研究的问题。笔者通过对精益生产基本理论、精益生产的可行性,以及精益生产在企业只用实际应用等方面的主要研究观点作一总结和梳理,以期能够抛砖引玉,为我国企业实施精益生产方式提供有益参考。     

学习一汽精益生产方式提高企业管理水平

学习一汽精益生产方式提高企业管理水平刘炯八月一日至十日，我们赴一汽，对一汽的“精益生产方式”进行了较为深入和全面的考察，了解了精益生产方式的具体运作，看到了精益生产方式为一汽带来的巨大效益和职工精神面貌的变化，感觉颇深。一、精益生产的由来及概念精益生...     

基于精益思想的企业生产管理

随着现代企业生产组织战略经营理念的优化和提升,一种基于精益思想的企业生产管理开始逐步得到广泛的应用.精益生产不仅可以克服传统大批量生产方式所带来的弊端,其还可以使得企业的各项管理水平得到提升,使得企业能够以顾客为核心实现利益最大化,避免一切不必要的浪费.精益生产固然很好,但如何正确理解和应用好精益生产成为了各企业追求精益生产不可回避的话题.本文主要对精益生产的基本思想及重要理念和精益生产方式的实现手段与方法做了简单阐述,并得出如何做好企业精益生产的经验,可以对研究该项理念的企业提供一些帮助.     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

The Creation of the Office for National Statistics

A new Office for National Statistics was created in the United Kingdom in 1996 following a series of developments designed to strengthen the relevance and integrity of statistics. This paper describes these fundamental changes and sets out a blueprint for future progress. It also sets current developments in the United Kingdom in an historical and international context.     

What helps? Women engineers' accounts of staying on

We have considerable understanding of the obstacles that women engineers encounter and the reasons that they leave the field, but we know less about what enables them to remain. Adopting an interpretivist approach, this article examines how a group of British women engineers in two FTSE 100 companies account for “staying on” in their male‐dominated work settings. We delineate four specific forms of help that facilitate women's retention in the field. We argue that exposure to help leads to women developing a habitus that enables them to continue working in engineering. To conclude, we draw on our findings to outline HR practices that will facilitate supportive relationships in the workplace and pave the way towards developing more positive organisational climates.     

论现代物流企业的发展观

物流业经过诸多年的发展目前已经成为最热门的行业之一,物流企业的注册数量也与日俱增,达到前所未有的规模。毋庸置疑,任何企业都希望自己迅速做强做大,并成为真正现代物流企业的典型代表,要实现这一目标一个首要问题就是要解决现代物流企业的发展观问题。     

浅谈大体积混凝土裂缝的控制

大体积混凝土的裂缝问题是实际工程中长期困扰工程技术人员的问题,其控制技术的研究是混凝土结构研究的热点问题,具有重大的学术价值和潜伏的工程背景。     

Supply Chain Strategies in the UK Fashion Industry—The Rhetoric of Partnership and Realities of Power

This paper focuses on the fashion industry, one characterised by issues such as dramatic shifts in the scale and power of major retail buyers in the market, the advent of retailer own brands, and the nature of sourcing and supply chain decisions, issues that are increasingly global in nature. The aim of this research is to explore the nature of relationships between UK high street multiple fashion retailers and their contracted suppliers, many of whom are entrepreneurial firms by most definitions of the term. Four core themes emerge from the literature and provide a framework for the research, namely, power, process, partnership, and people. The research approach was qualitative, and conducted over a period of twelve months. The paper ends with an agenda for future research.