浅析大肠菌群检验方法

大肠菌群是在37℃能分解乳糖,产酸产气,需氧及兼性厌氧的革兰氏阴性无芽孢杆菌。大肠菌群在自然界分布广泛,而且是食品微生物指标中的重要一项。文章对食品微生物大肠菌群检验方法新旧方法作了简要的比较与阐述。     

乳制品中大肠菌群的检测

大肠菌群是指在一定培养条件下(37℃,24h之内),能发酵乳糖、产酸产气的需氧和兼性厌氧革兰氏阴性无芽胞杆菌[1].它包括肠杆菌科中的4种常见细菌:大肠埃希氏菌、弗劳地氏柠檬酸杆菌、肺炎克雷伯氏菌和阴沟肠杆菌[2].大肠菌群是作为粪便污染指标菌提出来的,主要是以该菌群的检出情况来表示食品中有否粪便污染.     

彩色蔬菜豆腐的加工

1 原辅料 大豆:生产彩色蔬菜豆腐的主料; 蔬菜:生产彩色蔬菜豆腐的辅料。以菠菜、芹菜、胡萝卜、西红柿等大路菜、易腐烂的蔬菜品种为主,目的是将蔬菜制汁后,经高效产酸菌发酵产酸形成酸性菜汁凝固剂。 2 设备 培养箱,微生物分离所用试剂、器皿,生产豆腐所需设备。 3 工艺配方 大豆:75％～80％;蔬菜:20％～25％(或根据需要可增减蔬菜比例)。     

嗜酸乳杆菌酸耐受性的研究

本试验选取4株嗜酸乳杆菌,分别为ATCC4356、La-IM1、La-IM2和La-IM3进行酸耐受性的实验,并从中选定一株酸耐受性最强的菌株La-IM2,并以此为出发菌株进行不同酸度(pH分别为1.5、2.5、3.5、4.5、7)下分别培养1.5h和3h的耐受性实验。结果证明,嗜酸乳杆菌La-IM2虽然在pH1.5进行3h培养后没有活菌数出现,但在1.5h培养仍有一定的存活数,而且在pH2.5以上进行培养时,活菌数均可以达到106CFU/mL,证明嗜酸乳杆菌酸耐受性强,能够起到益生菌功效。     

浅析一株石油降解菌去除石油污染土壤中的油

从某石油厂区附近土样中分离出石油降解菌,经筛选得到13株石油降解较好的真菌。对这13株进行石油降解试验,其中石油降解效果最好的S92对模拟石油降解的降解率为87.0%。以S92菌株为原菌株通过紫外诱变得到一株石油降解能力显著提高的菌株S-3-15。用此菌株对石油污染土样进行石油降解试验,固液质量比为2∶5,接种量为20%,温度为37℃,摇床转速为150r/min,好氧培养了15d,其降解率达到了98.3%。     

谈关于流感嗜血杆菌的分离培养实验分析

目的:探讨耐氨苄西林的流感嗜血杆菌产生β-内酰胺酶的机制.方法:对临床分离的112株流感嗜血杆菌耐药菌用纸片法作β-内酰胺酶测定,用PCR法检测产酶流感嗜血杆菌中的β-内酰胺酶基因的存在.结果:纸片法测得产酶菌株32株,产酶率28.6%(32/112):32株产酶菌中PCR法测β-内酰胺酶基因阳性菌株29株,阳性率为90.6%(29/32),其中质粒DNA模板组阳性为25株,基因组DNA模板组阳性为4例.结论:(1)流感嗜血杆菌耐氨苄西林主要由质粒介导产生β-内酰胺酶所造成.(2)PCR法是研究流感嗜血杆菌是否携带β-内酰胺酶基因及该基因所在位置的简便而有效的方法.     

一株恶臭假单胞菌AD-1的好氧反硝化及产酶特性研究

为更好地实现好氧反硝化菌的脱氮性能,本研究基于前期筛选的一株好氧反硝化菌pseudomonas putida AD-1,从脱氮效率及产酶角度考察其不同CODcr/TN和DO下的反硝化脱氮性能。在一定CODcr/TN范围内,CODcr/TN与培养24h后的菌株脱氮效率及ORP的减少量均呈正相关。当CODcr/TN为20.7时,脱氮效率为59.68%;当CODcr/TN为2.1时,脱氮效率仅为7.53%。培养过程中NO2-N浓度虽始终处于较低水平却呈上下波动状态。AD-1菌的ODO在4.82 mg/L左右,与大多数的好氧反硝化菌相比具有更高的氧气忍受浓度。通过SDS-PAGE蛋白电泳可以明显看出不同DO下菌体与反硝化相关的蛋白表达差异性,为进一步研究好氧反硝化菌产酶特性奠定理论基础。     

关于大黄滴剂的口腔抑菌研究

目的:研制一种新型有效的牙周抗菌制剂,以代替常规用药.方法:用琼脂稀释法做几种口腔常见菌对大黄总蒽醌和大黄酸标准品的敏感性试验.甲壳胺对口腔常见菌的凝集试验.用龋活性试验做甲壳胺对变形链球菌的解吸附试验.用钢管法做大黄滴剂对口腔常见菌的抑菌试验.结果:大黄总蒽醌和大黄酸标准品对口腔常见菌都有不同程度的抑菌作用.甲壳胺除对齿双歧外,对其他口腔常见菌均有凝集作用.甲壳胺对变形链球菌有解吸附作用.成品大黄滴剂对口腔常见菌有抑菌作用.结论:大黄滴剂有明显抑菌作用.     

快速水份测定仪在安全气囊发生器装配过程的应用

汽车安全气囊发生器装配过程对产气药水份上限有严格要求,文章将快速水份测定仪引入到产气药水份的在线监控,通过与烘箱法对比,确定了测试所需的温度、时间、样品量参数;同时通过在线水份监测,掌控产气药装配环境下吸湿变化规律,明确了批产过程中产气药的岗位现场最大中转量,保证安全气囊发生器所用产气药的有效装配。     

依诺沙星在医疗实践中的不良反应分析

第3代喹诺酮类抗生素,属杀菌剂,通过作用于细菌DNA螺旋酶的A亚单位,抑制DNA的合成和复制而导致细菌死亡,其抗菌广谱,尤其对需氧革兰阴性杆菌抗菌活性高,对青霉素耐药的淋病奈瑟菌、产酶流感嗜血杆菌和莫拉菌属均具有高度抗菌活性,对沙眼衣原体、支原体、军团菌具有良好抗微生物作用,对结核杆菌和非典型分枝杆菌也有抗菌活性.因此,依诺沙星制剂现在临床上应用较为广泛,不良反应也常有发生,     

Market reaction to large bank merger announcements in oligopolies

This paper evaluates the individual and rival stock price reactions to large bank merger announcements and subsequent regulatory rejection in an oligopoly. The results show that the announcements produce significant positive abnormal returns for the merger candidates. Regulatory obstacles and denial of the proposed mergers produce significant negative returns. Analysis of the rivals’ reactions doesn’t produce consistent significant results. This suggests that the market reactions for the merging banks results are driven by expected increases in efficiencies. The rivals’ reaction is explained by the fact that the market would remain contestable after the mergers since the offered products are homogeneous.(JEL G14, G34)     

苛责式领导及其组织绩效——对《史蒂夫·乔布斯传》的扎根研究

有关苛责式领导的研究文献绝大部分都证明苛责是有害的,或者只从其有害的方面进行研究。然而,一般而言,大多数行为都有双重性,苛责带来的并非全部都是负面的效果,领导者对下属的苛责甚至责骂对组织绩效在特定的情况下以及相对较长的时间段可能有积极的影响。换言之,责骂作为一种“坏行为”,在当时当地无疑是破坏性的,然而它对追随者的长远影响和对组织绩效的长远影响则有待深入研究。事实上,事业导向的苛责式领导是存在的。事业导向的苛责式领导在其领导魅力与能力配合下,往往能得到多数下属的理解与支持,长期来看,还能形成一批坚定的追随者,从而带领组织取得极好的绩效。     

硫酸卡那霉素注射液无菌检查试验及方法学验证

硫酸卡那霉素注射液的最佳无菌检查方法能保证检验结果的准确性和可靠性.本试验取硫酸卡那霉素注射液作为样品,采用薄膜过滤加缓冲液冲洗方法对样品进行无菌检查,检查结果表明:供试品无菌生长,而六株对照阳性菌株生长良好,该无菌检查方法可行.     

服务业顾客间互动的影响要素及影响力探析

顾客间互动研究是关系营销长期被忽视的关键领域和重要研究议题,同时也是服务接触理论进一步深化研究的关键领域。研究发现,顾客间互动的影响要素主要包括三方面:个体因素、人际因素和环境因素;正面和负面互动会对顾客产生不同的影响力;在同样的互动水平下,负面互动比正面互动更具影响力。     

'The persistent myth of high expatriate failure rates': a reappraisal

While there is now a mature literature on many aspects of the management of employees on international assignments (IAs), there is still considerable controversy about the numbers of expatriates who actually fail in these. Traditionally, this has been defined as the number of staff who return home before the agreed end of an IA, because of poor work performance and/or personal problems. Employing this definition, the research described in this paper supports the view that expatriate failure rates (EFRs), among UK employees are, indeed, very low (on average, around 8 per cent). However, this article argues that this traditional definition has limitations and does not reveal the true extent of the problems which IAs can cause to some expatriates and their dependants both during their time abroad and after returning to the UK. The paper then goes onto argue that a broader definition of 'failure' is needed, which includes: an acknowledgement of the considerable stresses and strains experienced by a minority of staff who are under-performing on IAs; the 'poaching' of successful managers by other companies while they are abroad or at the end of their IAs; the often negative outcomes of repatriation experienced by many employees in recent years; the negative (and largely unreported) effects on some families and the career prospects of partners and negative views about the prospect of overseas postings in the future.     

Human resource strategies,workplace reform and industrial restructuring in Australia and New Zealand

In recent years, Australia and New Zealand have pursued two different routes of labour market reform. New Zealand opted for a radical experiment in the deregulation of industrial relations and other areas. Australia pursued a co-operative and co-ordinated approach to reform within the centralized arbitral system. Both reform initiatives were designed to stimulate improvements in organizational performance and cost competitiveness. In this paper, we argue that there are three main types of strategies that management can use to reduce labour cost and improve performance: productivity-enhancement, costminimization and work-intensification strategies. We argue that the former is a long-term sustainable strategy whereas the latter two are negative short-term strategies that may have deleterious longer-term effects. This paper reports the results of a cross-national survey in New Zealand and Australia into the extent of adoption of these management strategies. The results are presented by industry, employment size, mode of operation and countries as a whole. The research findings indicate that New Zealand's decentralization has encouraged a higher degree of employer experimentation with both positive and negative workplace change strategies, especially in the private sector. Australia's more centralized system limited the use of cost-minimization strategies but not productivity-enhancing strategies in the public and not-for-profit sector. The research found evidence of work intensification in both countries.     

负商誉的价值相关性研究——基于新企业会计准则的实证研究

基于新企业会计准则下负商誉的会计政策,运用剩余收益估值模型和回报模型,本文系统探讨了负商誉对股票价值和超额回报的影响效应。研究发现:(1)扣除负商誉后的剩余收益对股价有显著正的解释力,而负商誉与股价负相关;(2)扣除负商誉后的未预期盈余对超额回报有显著正的解释力,负商誉与超额回报负相关。实证结论说明,市场不仅能够辨别盈余结构,而且市场投资者能够辨别负商誉的价值含义。     

ESG表现与企业金融化——内外监管双“管”齐下的调节效应

以2011—2018年A股非金融、非房地产上市公司为样本,探讨环境、社会责任及公司治理（ESG）表现对企业金融化的影响效应。研究表明：ESG表现抑制了企业金融化,而企业内部监管会放大ESG表现对企业金融化的负向效应,外部金融监管则弱化了两者之间的负向关系。抑制效应、放大效应和弱化效应在环境、社会责任方面体现较为明显,而在公司治理方面不明显。进一步研究发现,ESG表现以及环境、社会责任能通过融资约束抑制企业金融化行为,融资约束在公司治理对企业金融化的影响中不具有中介作用;异质性分析发现ESG表现以及环境、社会责任对企业金融化的抑制效应在国有企业、研发能力较强企业中较为显著,而公司治理在非国有企业和研发能力较强的企业中表现出正向的金融化效应。研究结果丰富了ESG表现影响企业金融化的理论机制,为完善上市公司监管制度体系、夯实实体经济发展根基提供了依据。     

The ongoing feedback system : Experimental with a new managerial tool

This experiment represents a first step in the development of ongoing feedback systems as useful managerial tools. Additional research and testing of systems is needed. The results of this first experiment, however, are encouraging and indicate that if used effectively, such systems have the potential of improving organizational performance while also having a positive effect on employee attitudes. A consistent theme in the experiment has been that feedback systems are managerial tools, and are thus constrained in their value by the knowledge, skill, and motivation of those who use them. Wherever that knowledge, skill, and motivation exist or have been developed, the system appears to produce durable and positive changes, in a number of different work units, at a reasonable cost, and without the constant intervention of consultants. Thus the ongoing feedback system appears to meet the basic criteria for an effective and useful managerial tool and holds promise as a means for building more effective organizations.     

Exchange rate volatility and Spanish-American commodity trade flows

A number of recent studies have tested the impact of exchange rate volatility on trade flows, particularly for individual commodities, for various country pairs. These have found that risk can increase as well as decrease trade, but that oftentimes industries are not affected. This study examines trade between the United States and Spain over the period from 1962 to 2009, for 131 U.S. export industries and 88 import industries. We find that exchange rate volatility has short-run and long-run effects in only a fraction of the cases, but that exports respond more to increased uncertainty than imports do. In all, only 35 of the 74 U.S. export industries are affected (11 positive, 24 negative), whilst only three out of 37 import industries have positive coefficients and 11 have negative ones. We find no evidence that durable or nondurable goods are more likely to respond to volatility, whilst small industries or specialized goods might show more of a positive response.