Some Determinants of Core Competencies: Evidence from a Binary-Logit Analysis

Despite the increasing recognition of the salience of core competencies in the process of competition, the notion of core competencies has remained largely ambiguous in the literature. Neither is it clear what strategies, institutions, and resources are necessary for developing and sustaining core competencies. This paper uses the binary-logit model to explore the determinants of core competencies, and identifies investment in intangible assets, marketing/promotional activities and firm size as significant determinants of core competencies. An evaluation of the technology strategies of two competence-seeking firms also points to the increasing salience of intangible assets, decentralization/globalization of the R&D function, and the intensive search for knowledge and capabilities.     

小企业集群核心竞争力的分析

随着社会专业化分工的发展 ,产生了许多小企业。市场需求变化 ,又促进了小企业的联合和协作。小企业集群作为一种联合的良好形式 ,能否生存和发展取决于聚集企业的能力 ,柔性化的生产方式 ,网络化的组织结构和持续创新的机制。本文阐述了小企业集群发展中的制约因素 ,提出了培植小企业集群和提升其核心竞争能力的一些建议。     

Macroeconomic Determinants of Crime: Evidence from India

This paper examines the relationship between crime, inflation, unemployment, and real GDP per capita in India. Based on the national-level data, the Johansen cointegration test confirms the presence of cointegration relationship between the variables. The Toda–Yamamoto Granger causality test suggests that macroeconomic indicators, especially unemployment, can significantly affect crime in India. Based on the state-level data, the ordinary least squares results corroborate the effect of inflation on crime even after controlling for governance. However, they fail to verify the relationship between crime, unemployment, and real GDP per capita.

     

合作研发的影响因素——来自中国企业的经验研究

本文重点检验了技术溢出、研发目标对合作研发的影响。研究发现：合作研发与输入溢出具有显著的正相关关系;就输出溢出而言,水平溢出会抑制企业问的合作（包括水平合作和垂直合作）,而垂直溢出却会促进企业间的垂直合作,且这种积极作用不会受到水平溢出的影响;研发目标对企业问合作研发模式选择也具有显著影响,当企业旨在提高研发成果的成功率和利用率时,更倾向于选择垂直合作;当企业进行重大技术开发或重大创新时,更倾向于选择水平合作。     

Determinants of women's financial inclusion: Evidence from India

A number of studies have analyzed the determinants of financial inclusion in India, but few if any have focused specifically on the factors that shape women's access to finance. This paper draws on the trove of women-specific data collected in the fourth round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4), conducted in 2015–16 in India, to examine the factors that influence women's access to finance. The results indicate that while the forces that shape women's access to finance function at multiple levels, micro-level factors appear to be powerful drivers of inclusion. The analysis reveals that household-level economic indicators like wealth, gender of household head and their rural-urban location are crucial, but so are individual-level characteristics which explain approximately 83% of the variation in the multilevel regressions. Informal gender norms that govern women's mobility and economic activity crucially influence the ability of women to access loans and open bank accounts.     

Determinants of Anti‐Trafficking Policies: Evidence from a New Index

We develop an index measuring the three main dimensions – prosecution, protection, and prevention – of the anti‐trafficking policies of the governments of up to 180 countries over the 2000?2010 period. Overall, developed countries perform better than the rest of the world; compliance with prosecution policy is highest, while governmental efforts to protect victims of human trafficking remain weakest. We employ the new indices to investigate which factors determine anti‐trafficking policies. We find that compliance with anti‐trafficking policies significantly decreases with corruption and is higher in countries that also respect the rights of women. We also find some tentative evidence for spatial dependence in anti‐trafficking policies.     

The Determinants of Capital Structure Choice: Evidence from Polish Companies

The main objective of this paper is to investigate which of the two competing capital structure theories – the pecking order of financing choices or the traditional static trade-off model – better describes the financing decisions in Polish companies traded on the Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE). The data come from financial statements of the companies and cover a 5-year period, 2000–2004. First, a correlation is run in order to separate a set of significant factors influencing the capital structure from the list of the following independent variables: assets structure, profitability, growth opportunities, liquidity, firm size, product uniqueness, earnings volatility, non-debt tax shields, dividend policy, and the effective tax rate. Next, in order to test the relationship between capital structure and its potential determinants, multiple regression is run. The evidence generally suggests the relevance of the pecking order hypothesis in explaining the financing choices of Polish firms.

企业家精神的决定因素——来自中国省级面板数据的经验

企业家精神是就业、创新和经济增长的驱动力,经济学和管理学研究者一直探讨影响企业家精神决定因素。本文基于2001年～2005年省级层面的数据,应用面板数据模型实证研究了创新思想、人力资本、金融发展和法治水平等对区域企业家精神发展水平的影响。研究结果表明,创新思想和人力资本是企业家创业活动的基础,金融发展水平的提高有利于提高企业家创业的金融可得性,法治发展是企业家创业成功的基本保证。     

Internal Migration Determinants: Recent Evidence

The present study investigates the impact on gross state in-migration over the 1999–2002 period of a variety of economic and non-economic factors. The empirical estimates indicate that gross state in-migration was an increasing function of expected per capita income on the one hand or actual per capita income on the other hand and a decreasing function of the average cost of living. Interstate unemployment rate differentials per se do not appear to have influenced gross migration, however. In addition, gross state in-migration was an increasing function of the availability of state parks, recreation, warmer temperatures, location in the West, and greater sunshine while being a decreasing function of the violent crime rate and the presence of hazardous waste sites.Revised version of a paper presented at the 56th International Atlantic Economic Conference, Quebec City, Canada, October 16–19, 2003.     

银行效率的决定因素：跨国实证

本文基于1990—2009年间68个主要国家和经济体的面板数据,从管理效率、市场竞争性和盈利能力三个基本方面对影响一国银行业效率的相关因素进行了实证分析。实证结果表明：从宏观经济政策来看,保持宏观经济的持续稳定增长,稳步推进资本账户开放,将有助于提高一国银行业的整体效率;从银行产业发展来看,银行业效率的提高需要在保持适度资产规模和产业集中度的基础上,防止银行信贷的过度扩张和银行危机的发生;从制度文化发展来看,加强产权保护,促进社会信用文化水平的提升,将有助于一国银行业效率的整体提升。     

Determinants of the sacrifice ratio: Evidence from OECD and non-OECD countries

This paper measures sacrifice ratios for all countries in the world over an approximately forty year time period, in addition to exploring the determinants of worldwide sacrifice ratios. We test the most commonly-cited determinants: the speed of disinflation, openness, inflation targeting, central bank independence, and political factors for both OECD and non-OECD countries. We find that the speed of disinflation is the most important determinant of OECD sacrifice ratios, but puzzlingly has no effect on non-OECD nations' disinflation costs. Instead we find evidence that greater central bank independence and more openness are associated with lower non-OECD sacrifice ratios. We also find that the ratio of government debt to GDP – a variable that is not important when it comes to OECD countries – is highly significant for non-OECD economies. Specifically, we find that higher indebtedness is associated with lower sacrifice ratios in non-OECD nations, suggesting that greater levels of debt do not lead to higher expectations of inflation. Furthermore we find evidence that the negative impact of debt on non-OECD sacrifice ratios is being driven by middle income economies.     

投资银行核心竞争力的综合评价体系

本文首先建立了一套指标体系,综合考虑了构成投资银行核心竞争力的资源和能力要素。通过建立了投资银行核心竞争力评价的多因素灰色层次综合评价模型（MGHCEM）,运用灰色理论将评价者的分散信息处理成一个描述不同灰色程度的权向量,显化了灰色系统的整体信息和灰色对象之间的关系信息,在此基础上对其单值化处理,得到综合评价值。     

R&D Corporate Planning: Selecting the Core Technological Competencies

This paper deals with the selection of a firm's technological competencies on which to concentrate development efforts in a long term view. The perspective is that of corporate R&D which has to identify the technological competencies relevant to future competition and select those core for the firm. This process faces a major challenge, especially to put together different issues relevant to the problem: identify future scenarios and predict how new industries will be shaped, evaluate the potential of future markets, estimate the role and relevance of the technologies involved, identify a balanced set of technologies. This paper proposes a comprehensive methodology to support the process of selection of core technological competencies.     

合作社内部“影响成本”决定因素的实证分析——基于山东省苹果专业合作社的调查数据

鉴于合作社集体产权安排和成员股权无法转让等原因,当存在影响社员利益分享或成本分担的组织决策且上下级信息沟通渠道顺畅时,利益相关者就会试图扭曲组织决策以获取潜在收益,进而产生降低决策效率的影响成本。本文利用山东省苹果专业合作社的调研数据,首先测度合作社内部影响成本规模,然后采用有序Probit模型对合作社内部影响成本的决定因素进行实证分析。研究表明:社员异质性是导致合作社内部影响成本增加的关键性因素;管理者存在外部选择诱惑、采用一人一票制表决方式和合作社扩张社员规模等对合作社内部影响成本也具有正向显著影响。基于此,协调异质性社员的利益诉求、选择合适的组织决策模式和设计合理的管理者激励制度对于转型经济时期农民专业合作社的健康发展至关重要。     

企业核心竞争力理论透视

探索了企业核心竞争力的定义及其与竞争力、核心能力的关系,从核心竞争力的基本思想、核心竞争力维数、核心竞争力层次、核心竞争力管理的五项任务四方面对核心竞争力理论的主要内容作了说明。     

The Determinants of Firm Performance and Bribery: Evidence from Manufacturing Firms in Nigeria

This paper uses ordinary least squares with firm effects and Probit regression models to investigate the determinants of firm performance and the likelihood of firms to pay bribes. Results for the manufacturing firms in Nigeria show that skilled workforce, exports, foreign ownership and capital investment influence firm performance. Conversely, poor electricity delivery and difficulty obtaining finance impede firm performance. Total sales and time spent dealing with government regulations increase the likelihood of firms to pay bribes. Surprisingly, foreign firms are as much likely to pay bribes as domestic firms. Policy implications from the findings are important considering that the manufacturing sector assumes an important role in the Lewis theory of economic development.     

银行贷款损失拨备的影响因素分析——基于微观数据的经验证据

本文运用2001年至2008年50家银行总共207个数据来分析国内银行贷款损失拨备的决定因素。我们发现国内银行会根据当年的贷款损耗和上一年度的贷款损失储备来决定本年度的贷款损失拨备量,然而我们并没有得到银行的贷款损失拨备与未来不良贷款变动成正比。这说明我国银行可能还是主要根据过去的损失情况而不是根据估计未来可能出现的损失来决定贷款损失拨备的。同时,我们还考察了国内银行是否应用贷款损失拨备来调整资本比率、平滑收入以及作为显示银行未来经营状况的信号。我们的实证结果印证了前两个假设,但是却没有找到关于信号假设的有力证据。这一结论对于我国关于贷款损失拨备的会计处理提出了挑战。