Decentralization,the New Public Management,and The Changing Role of The Public Sector In Africa

The role of the public sector in most countries around the world is changing both with respect to public service delivery and the stimulation of economic progress. That change, which was occasioned by the need for policy reform, has resulted in what is now termed ‘the new public management’, reflecting a movement away from the old values and norms of public sector administration. This article examines and analyses the concept of decentralization and its relevance to the changing role of the public sector, within the context of ‘the new public management’. and with special reference to Africa. The perspective of the article assumes that the new public management provides an appropriate framework for responding to the efficient delivery of public services in Africa.     

浅议新形势下舆论环境对思想政治教育的影响

在新形势下,作为高校辅导员如何正确认识舆论环境、优化舆论环境及如何利用舆论环境加强思想政治教育的针对性有很大的现实意义。     

组织创新气候、员工工作满意度与员工创新绩效关系的实证研究

医院的任何创新都必须经由医院的员工完成,员工的个人创新绩效将对医院的整体创新产生重大影响,因此研究医疗行业中影响员工创新绩效的因素具有现实意义。通过实证检验发现:员工的工作满意度将正向影响员工的创新绩效;员工的工作满意度将正向影响组织的创新气候;组织创新气候将在员工工作满意度对员工创新绩效的作用中起到部分中介作用。     

Review of no-fault absenteeism cases taken to arbitration, 1980–1989: A rights and responsibilities analysis

No-fault absenteeism control programs represent an emerging counterpoint to traditional misconduct-based approaches. By altering the policies governing absence in the work place, the rights and responsibilities of both the employee and employer may be modified. This article examines the arbitral standards applied in the disposition of grievances arising under no-fault absenteeism plans. Arbitration cases from 1980 to 1989 are analyzed; a taxonomic structure for reviewing arbitrator rulings on the unilateral imposition of no-fault programs, as well as discipline and discharge arising under no-fault policies, is developed. While advocates of no-fault plans have asserted that arbitrators will embrace these plans, the results of this analysis indicate that arbitrators will infuse standard elements of reasonableness and just cause into no-fault policy. Trends in arbitral standards in absence cases, policy-making strategies for managements and unions, as well as implications for the rights and responsibilities of employees and employers are outlined.     

现代公共关系与学校管理——公共关系协调理论模式对学校管理的启示

公共关系协调理论是最新的、占主导地位的公共关系理论,它运用系统论的方法,着眼于社会组织与公众利益关系的处理,揭示了公共关系协调的有效机制。将公共关系协调理论运用于现代学校管理,是学校适应不断变化的教育环境,面对越来越激烈的办学竞争,实行开放式办学的需要。它对提升学校管理理念,拓展学校管理视野,提高学校管理水平具有重要作用。为此,学校必须树立协调观念、公众观念、服务观念、开放观念、创新观念。     

A mutual gains perspective on workplace partnership: Employee outcomes and the mediating role of the employment relations climate

Recent years have witnessed increased research on the role of workplace partnership in promoting positive employment relations. However, there has been little quantitative analysis of the partnership experiences of employees. This article examines how the kinds of attributions employees make regarding indirect (union‐based) and direct (non‐union‐based) employee participation in workplace partnership might influence the process of mutual gains. It uses employee outcomes to reflect partnership gains for all stakeholders involved (i.e. employees, employers and trade unions). The article contributes to existing knowledge of workplace partnership by examining the potential role of the employment relations climate as an enabling mechanism for the process of mutual gains. The findings suggest mutual gains for all stakeholders are varied and mediated through the employment relations climate.     

组织政治氛围对员工离职倾向的影响:有调节的中介模型

组织政治氛围是员工离职倾向的重要前因变量,但现有文献还未对这种关系及作用机制进行系统研究。基于资源保存理论,引入员工沉默作为中介变量,以政治技能作为调节变量,构建被调节的中介模型,探讨组织政治氛围对员工离职倾向的影响机制。通过线性回归、Bootstrap等方法对328份样本进行实证分析,结果表明:组织政治氛围正向影响员工离职倾向,员工沉默在该过程中起部分中介作用;政治技能负向调节组织政治氛围与员工沉默之间的关系,政治技能负向调节了员工沉默在组织政治氛围与离职倾向之间的中介效应。     

Revitalizing social dialogue in the workplace: the impact of a cooperative industrial relations climate and sustainable HR practices on reducing employee harm

Abstract

The purpose of the present study is to unravel the relationship between current forms and realities of social dialogue in the workplace, the industrial relations climate, HRM, and employee harm. We tested a model specifying associations between (1) indicators of revitalized social dialogue, (2) perceived cooperation within the industrial relations climate, (3) perceived sustainability in HR practices, and (4) management perceptions regarding employee harm. The test was based on a survey conducted among 356 (HR-)managers and CEOs in Belgium. The results support the idea that a cooperative industrial relations climate and sustainable HR practices can reduce employee harm. More specifically, efficiency in social dialogue fully mediated the relationship between cooperative industrial climate and employee harm. In turn, industrial relations climate partially mediated the relationship between sustainable HR practices and employee harm. Finally, sustainable HR practices correlated positively with a cooperative industrial relations climate, suggesting that HR and employee relations reinforce rather than weaken each other.     

Employee share ownership,training, and early promotion policy as a bundle in enhancing labor productivity: A test of the three‐way interaction effect

The three‐way interaction effect of (broad‐based) employee share ownership (ESO), training, and early promotion policy on labor productivity was examined in a longitudinal sample of 614 organizations (1,605 organization‐year data points) in Korea. The ESO–productivity relationship was positive only when the investment in training was high and the opportunity for early promotion was present. However, we found no evidence for the two‐way interaction effects of ESO and training and ESO and early promotion policy on labor productivity. The results are in alignment with the emergent view that the productivity benefits of ESO can be better realized when ESO coexists with a bundle of complementary human resource management (HRM) practices. Thus, this study meaningfully extends the contingency perspective and related studies in the ESO literature, which tend to examine the productivity effect of ESO in isolation or in conjunction with a single HRM practice.     

新公共服务视角下的服务型政府建设——以珠海金湾区政府为例

文章总结了新公共服务理论的背景与核心理念,分析当前珠海市金湾区服务型政府建设的基本情况以及在建设过程中所存在的问题,提出了新公共服务视角下金湾区服务型政府建设的对策。     

Technifying Public Space and Publicizing Infrastructures: Exploring New Urban Political Ecologies through the Square of General Vara del Rey

The aim of this article is to explore new ways of integrating technology, nature and infrastructures into urban public spaces. This is done through a case study, the design of General Vara del Rey, which is offered here as a model to explore a novel urban political ecology that calls into question dominant definitions of public spaces as self‐contained sites operating independently of natural and infrastructural spaces. Through the double movement of ‘the technification of public space’ and ‘the publicization of infrastructures’, the square aims to rethink the political ecology of urban public spaces by enabling the effective incorporation and participation of infrastructural and natural elements as active actors into the public and political life of the community. It is argued that the transformation of infrastructures into fully visible, public and political agents provides a useful model to address the growing proliferation of infrastructural and technological elements onto contemporary urban surfaces and to open up the possibility of new forms of civic participation and engagement.     

企业社会责任、企业声誉对员工满意度影响的实证研究

构建了企业社会责任、企业声誉和员工满意度的关系模型,以西北工业大学深圳地区和西安地区MBA班工程硕士学员为调研对象,欲探讨现阶段企业员工对企业社会责任的认知状况。通过构建结构方程模型,实证分析发现:企业社会责任对企业声誉有显著正向影响;企业声誉对员工满意度有显著正向影响;企业社会责任不直接对员工满意度产生影响,而是通过影响企业声誉后对员工满意度产生作用。     

The Role of Corporate Sustainability in a Low‐Cost Business Model – A Case Study in the Scandinavian Fashion Industry

This multi‐level case study illustrates how corporate sustainability contributes to the low‐cost business model of a Scandinavian fashion company. Contrary to parts of the extant literature, we do not find that corporate sustainability directly adds measurable value (e.g. a better brand image); neither does it exert coercive control over critical supplier relationships. However, corporate sustainability minimizes the downside risk of the business model. It does so by (1) creating implicit contracts that reach beyond traditional ‘shareholder value’, (2) transferring risk to suppliers and (3) improving leadership by motivating management and employees, and by directing their attention to critical issues. For companies, we offer the insight that corporate sustainability is a necessary complement to shareholder value, even if the relationship is not obvious at first sight. We also suggest that concerted actions of companies or a positive connotation of certification create effective control over suppliers. As to public policy, we conclude that regulators could introduce mandatory disclosure of suppliers to facilitate controls through stakeholders, or alternatively an industry‐wide comply‐or‐explain code of conduct. We also address how regulators can take direct actions against countries with unsustainable labor policies. Last, we suggest future research topics, e.g. expanding the notion of a business model by interpreting ‘adding value’ as prevention of losses. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

新媒体对企业思政工作的影响及对策研究

在我国5G信息技术飞速发展的时代背景下,新媒体、新技术已经融入企业工作当中,为了使企业思政工作更具有时代感与吸引力,有必要使企业思政工作与现代化信息技术深度融合,从而达到增强企业工作有效性、提升思政课程时效性的目的。论文立足于企业信息化战略目标,探究了新媒体对企业思政工作的影响与对应改革策略。     

“开放性”课程教学模式实践探讨——以山东工商学院《劳动关系与劳动法》课程改革为例

"开放性"课程教学模式是把教学系统与社会系统、课堂内与课堂外系统进行有机结合,实现理论与实践之间、学生与教师之间、学生与专家之间、同学与同学之间进行系统融合的现代化教学模式。本文以作者近8年来从事《劳动关系与劳动法》课程教学模式改革与创新的经历,以"开放性"教学模式为研究主题,从教学思想、教学过程、教学内容、教学空间、教学手段、考核评价等6个方面进行了改革与探索。     

电气设计中公共安全系统常见问题的浅析——某剧院建筑电气设计中公共安全系统的探讨

伴随着社会的发展和进步,楼宇内的公共安全系统也越来越重要,它在保护人民生命和财产安全上显得尤为重要。本文秉着预防为主、防控结合的方针对公共安全系统的设计展开讨论。     

NPM Can Work: An optimistic review of the impact of New Public Management reforms in central and eastern Europe

Abstract

This article reviews the New Public Management (NPM) literature in central and eastern Europe (CEE) with the aim of assessing whether reforms have ‘worked’. Increasingly, academics have tended to argue against the suitability of NPM instruments in this region. To understand the impact of this much-debated policy, we first propose a classification of the impacts of NPM geared to the realities of central and eastern European states. Then, we use this classification to carefully review empirical studies across the region over the past 10 years. Unlike much of the recent academic literature, we suggest that NPM can work. NPM policy has not always been successful to the extent expected and promoted, but there is enough evidence to show that some of the central ideas in NPM have led to improvements in public service organization or provision across different organizational settings. An adequate degree of administrative capacity, sustained reform over time and a ‘fitting context’ are the main factors that can tip the scale for the success of these management instruments. The article provides a fresh and transparent assessment of a major administrative development in a growing region with implications for other parts of the world that experience similar challenges and opportunities.     

高校校园内公共交通工具配置方案研究——以东南大学为例

近年来,随着高校人数的增长,校园面积也在不断增长,随之而来一个日益突出的问题——师生"行"的问题。"行"的问题必然导致交通工具的出现,而进一步导致了校园交通的混乱。就此,我们提出了校园公共交通系统统一化设计研究,遵从着"绿色环保"和"和谐统一"的理念,充分考虑了大学生的生活方式,从新的角度以理论指导校园公共交通的系统设计:通过两种方案比较,确定了公共自行车作为校园交通工具的特点及其优越性;以当前存在的技术水平和管理手段为基础,对相应配套的设施系统和管理系统进行分析研究,提出了高效合理的校园取车、停车设施、系统管理中心等一系列的设施系统,适应了多种需求。     

高职高专公共机房管理体系的研究与实践——以茂名职业技术学院为例

公共计算机机房是高校计算机实验教学的实践基地,是高校必不可少的教学场地。本文通过分析高职高专公共机房管理和应用上存在的问题,着重研究高职高专公共机房科学管理体系,并以茂名职业技术学院为例展开研究。     

博客——高校思想政治教育的新载体

文章对博客作为思想政治教育载体的可行性进行剖析,探讨了高校如何充分依托博客,从而进一步拓展大学生思想政治教育途径,认为这是网络时代创新高校思想政治教育的关键。