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1.
Capacity-based interconnection (CBI) prices vary exactly with the costs a network provider incurs when supplying an interconnecting
party. That is, they equal incremental costs, rather than being averaged over any output measure. We argue such prices (1)
are as practicable and more efficient than per minute rates based on long run incremental cost, (2) are more efficient than
bill and keep, and (3) with mark-ups for cost recovery, are a practical and relatively efficient means of pricing wholesale
interconnection services, being well-suited to both circuit and packet-based networks.
相似文献
Eric K. Ralph (Corresponding author)Email: |
2.
This paper provides some of the first empirical evidence on labour market adjustments to exchange rate movements in Canadian
manufacturing industries. Controlling for endogeneity using generalized method of moments estimation, it is found that during
the 1981–1997 period, exchange movements have a substantial impact on labour input and that this impact has grown over time
as the manufacturing industries have become more exposed to trade. In contrast, the exchange rate effect on real wages is
estimated to be virtually zero for all manufacturing industries.
相似文献
Terence YuenEmail: |
3.
This paper examines the impact of trade policy on specialization patterns in ten Latin American countries over the period
1985–1998. These countries are natural case studies because in the last decades they implemented comprehensive trade liberalization
programs, both generally and preferentially, starting from relatively high tariff protection levels. Our econometric results
suggest that reducing own most favored nation tariffs is associated with increasing manufacturing production specialization.
Furthermore, we find that preferential trade liberalization and differences in the degree of unilateral openness have resulted
in increased dissimilarities in manufacturing production structures across countries. These results are robust across specialization
measures and estimation methods.
相似文献
Christian Volpe MartincusEmail: |
4.
Caroline Schmidt 《Open Economies Review》2007,18(3):347-367
In this paper, it is argued that the observed high positive correlation between national savings and investment which is found
in the data can in part be explained by shocks to monetary policy. This hypothesis, which is established by reviewing some
empirical findings, is tested in a two-country DSGE-model framework in the tradition of the New Open Economy Macroeconomics.
The simulation results obtained support the idea that shocks to monetary policy might contribute to the explanation of the
Feldstein-Horioka puzzle.
相似文献
Caroline SchmidtEmail: |
5.
We test the existence of an endogenous relationship between well-being and employment for US individuals. To that end, we
use a simultaneous equation generalized Probit model applied to four recent waves of the National Health Interview Survey
(1997–2000). Our results do not enable us to accept the hypothesis that there is a significant effect from employment status
to subjective well-being. In contrast, we provide evidence that suggest that well-being is positively correlated to the probability
of having a job.
相似文献
Rosa DuarteEmail: |
6.
In recent years, Europe has witnessed an accelerated process of economic integration. This paper analyzes how increased economic
integration has affected labor and product markets. We use a panel of Belgian manufacturing firms to estimate price-cost margins
and union bargaining power and show how various measures of globalization affect them. Import competition puts pressure on
both markups and union bargaining power, especially when there is increased competition from low wage countries. This suggests
that increased globalization is associated with a moderation of wage claims in unionized countries, which should be associated
with positive effects on employment.
相似文献
Stijn VanormelingenEmail: |
7.
Joachim Wagner 《International Economics and Economic Policy》2008,5(4):363-370
Germany is one of the most important exporters of manufacturing goods in the world, but by far not all manufacturing firms
in Germany are exporters, and there is a remarkable gap between the share of exporters in all manufacturing firms between
West Germany and East Germany. While in West Germany in 2004 about two in three manufacturing plants were exporters, fourteen
years after re-unification this share was less than fifty percent in the former communist East Germany. Given that exports
play a key role in shaping business cycles and growth in Germany, and the much higher unemployment in East compared to West
Germany, promotion of exports by East German firms figure prominently on the policy agenda. However, the reasons for the large
difference in the propensity to export between East and West German firms are not yet well understood, not least due to a
lack of comprehensive micro data. Using unique new data and a recently introduced non-linear decomposition technique this
paper shows that the huge difference in the propensity to export between West and East German plants can only partly be explained
by differences in firm size, productivity, and technology intensity.
相似文献
Joachim WagnerEmail: |
8.
Olugbenga Ajilore 《The Review of Black Political Economy》2008,35(4):117-127
This paper analyzes the effectiveness of the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) on poverty transitions, with an emphasis on native-born
African–Americans and immigration. A probit model is estimated using data from the Current Population Survey (CPS), which
evaluates the impact of EITC participation and immigration on transitions out of poverty. The EITC is found to be a useful
tool in combating poverty and is effective for African–Americans, though only for women. More importantly, the results show
that the implementation of state-level EITCs can mitigate the adverse effects of immigration for native-born African–Americans.
相似文献
Olugbenga AjiloreEmail: |
9.
Kazuhiro Ohnishi 《International Economics and Economic Policy》2008,4(4):421-432
This paper examines an international mixed model in which a social-welfare-maximizing domestic public firm competes against
a profit-maximizing foreign private firm. First, the public firm can adopt either a lifetime employment contract or a wage-rise
contract as strategic commitments. Second, the foreign private firm decides whether or not to enter the market. Third, if
the foreign private firm enters, each firm independently chooses its actual output, while if the foreign private firm does
not enter, the public firm acts as a monopolist. The paper shows the equilibrium of the international mixed model.
相似文献
Kazuhiro OhnishiEmail: |
10.
Non-traded Goods,Technical Progress and Wages 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
We use a general equilibrium model of trade to show that technical improvement may indeed cause a fall in the wages of unskilled
workers. Under some modest conditions, the wages of skilled workers may go down too.
相似文献
Reza OladiEmail: |
11.
Each year around 8% of Swedish manufacturing firms leave an industry. Of the exit routes available, the least likely is firm
closure. Firms are more likely to merge, become acquired or switch to a new industry. We investigate the importance of a range
of firm and industry characteristics for the exit decision of Swedish firms from 1980–1996. From our analysis two patterns
are evident. First, firms that close down appear to be the most distinct compared to those that remain within the sector.
Second the same characteristics can have quite different associations with different exit strategies.
相似文献
David GreenawayEmail: |
12.
We examine the effects of trade policy changes on the evolution of productivity in the Turkish manufacturing industry. Plant
level productivities are estimated for the 1983–1996 period following the procedure of Olley and Pakes. Industry averages
indicate that productivity gains are largest in import-competing industries with highest gains reaching 8% per year during
periods of rapid decline in protection rates. We find that productivity improvements resulting from declining protection rates
are statistically significant and economically important, especially in import-competing sectors. More importantly, productivity
improvements due to declining protection rates increase with the plant size.
相似文献
Kamil Yilmaz (Corresponding author)Email: |
13.
This paper contributes to the ongoing debate on the causes of international co-movements of macroeconomic variables. In particular,
existing real business cycle models predict cross-country consumption correlations to be higher than in the actual data, cross-country
output correlations to be lower than in the actual data, and cross-country consumption correlations to be relatively higher
than the output correlations. We show that cross-country correlations of consumption, investment, employment and output predicted
by a standard international real business cycle model are highly sensitive to the share of capital goods in total trade. Our
calibrated model shows that when capital goods account for a share of total traded goods greater than 50%, the apparent discrepancy
between the data and the simulations is resolved.
相似文献
Thomas P. BarbieroEmail: |
14.
Peer Effects and Cigarette Use Among College Students 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jeffrey Wilson 《Atlantic Economic Journal》2007,35(2):233-247
This study adds to the collegiate substance use literature by measuring the magnitude of peer effects upon individual cigarette
use. The study employs data from the 2001 Harvard School of Health College Alcohol Survey to construct this peer effect measure
and to study the effect of other variables upon a university student’s decision to smoke. The main finding of this paper is
that moving a student from a university where no students smoke to an institution where 25 percent of the population smokes
increases that student’s probability of smoking by 10.71 percent. The results of this paper suggest the potential for universities
to institute student-led, anti-smoking organizations.
相似文献
Jeffrey WilsonEmail: |
15.
Suryadipta Roy 《Atlantic Economic Journal》2007,35(3):303-314
Using data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, evidence of income inferiority in illegal drug consumption is
presented. This is done by estimation of binary choice probit models with endogenous regressors. The endogeneity of income
with regard to drug consumption is considered and the more efficient three-stage least squares procedures have been implemented.
In general, the results indicate that accounting for endogeneity improves results on income inferiority with regard to drug
consumption. An implication of this study is that some form of income distribution policies towards the poor might be more
effective in controlling substance abuse. It also points out the regressive nature of the government’s substance abuse program.
相似文献
Suryadipta RoyEmail: |
16.
Policy coordination in East Asia and across the Pacific 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
In this paper, we construct a macro-econometric model that describes the economic activity in the Asia-Pacific area and provide
quantitative insights into the recent policy debates on monetary and currency coordination among the East Asian economies.
The model includes a wide variety of monetary and currency policy rules that the East Asian economies adopt and allows for
one country's policymaking to have substantial effects on foreign countries. We apply the model to three current policy issues:
(1) the desirability of currency basket pegs in East Asia, (2) the anticipated effects of China's currency policy reform,
and (3) the non-negativity constraint on Japanese nominal interest rates. The simulation analyses show the external economy
effects of policy rules quantitatively and suggest the difficulty of monetary and currency policy coordination among the East
Asian economies.
相似文献
Koichiro Kamada (Corresponding author)Email: |
Izumi TakagawaEmail: |
17.
Santiago Budría 《Atlantic Economic Journal》2008,36(3):261-274
This paper explores asset returns in a production economy with habit forming households. We show that a model with capital
adjustment costs and relative habits is consistent with salient financial facts, such as the equity premium, the market price
of risk, and the riskfree interest rate. These predictions are not at odds with good business cycle predictions. In the model,
economy investment is strongly procyclical and more volatile than output, which in turn is more volatile than consumption.
Moreover, consumption growth is positively autocorrelated and negatively (positively) correlated with future (past) stock
returns.
相似文献
Santiago BudríaEmail: |
18.
We explore the interactions between exchange rate and fiscal policy, and default on external debt. Exchange rate policy affects
the supply of short-term debt facing the government. Under a conventional soft peg, it can be optimal for the government to
set the exchange rate at a level in which partial default occurs. In this case multiple equilibria exist, with one featuring
high interest rate, overvalued exchange rate, low level of output, and default. Default is also an equilibrium under a hard
peg, precisely because devaluation is not an option. Under a hard peg, however, there is a unique equilibrium.
相似文献
Peter MontielEmail: |
19.
International Risk Sharing and Government Moral Hazard 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Wolf Wagner 《Open Economies Review》2007,18(5):577-598
This paper analyzes incentive problems caused by international risk sharing. They arise because international risk sharing
contributes to the insurance of domestic consumption and thus lowers governments’ incentives to increase output. We show that
the resulting distortions can lead to substantial efficiency losses. Complete risk sharing is, therefore, undesirable and
the optimal degree of risk sharing may be low. Furthermore, we show that households’ risk sharing decisions are socially inefficient
and are effectively maximizing government moral hazard. As a result, financial innovation and integration may reduce welfare
by increasing households’ risk sharing opportunities.
相似文献
Wolf WagnerEmail: |
20.
This paper analyses the characteristics of episodes of fiscal consolidation in the EU exhibiting non-Keynesian features, i.e.,
followed by an improved growth performance. Roughly half of the episodes of fiscal consolidations that have been undertaken
in the EU in the last 30 years have been followed by higher growth. Probit regressions indicate that the consolidations that
turned out to be expansionary were more likely started in periods with output below potential and based on expenditure cuts
rather than on tax increases. These results appear quite robust with respect to the criteria used to identify the consolidation
episodes and to classify such episodes as expansionary.
相似文献
Alessandro TurriniEmail: |