扩张性财政政策给经济增温供暖

2009年，国民经济将在继续下行的过程中得到扩张性宏观政策向上“托举”的调节，总体的经济运行政策导向鲜明地表现为保增长、扩内需、调结构。同时应注意促进改革，把短期调控与中长期的发展、改革结合起来。财政政策方面，可以作出如下一些展望：一是在总量上与货币政策配合呼应，适度扩张，给突遇寒流的经济增温供暖。二是运用支出政策积极优化结构，区别对待，大力强化经济、     

政策推动力 拉动内需房地产首当其冲

从百天之内五度降息到放宽二次房贷政策;从支持房企融资到"国六条""房地产信托投资基金"闸门放开;从"国九条"到房地产变革,中央正将楼市发展作为扩大内需的重要内容,这将形成一股推动09年楼市前进的助力。在2008'第六届中国地产经济主流高峰论坛上,专家预测,政府还会出台鼓励房地产消费的政策,金融政策或更宽松。     

政策推动力 拉动内需房地产首当其冲——戴治国：扩大内需首推房地产

从百天之内五度降息到放宽二次房贷政策；从支持房企融资到“国六条”“房地产信托投资基金”闸门放开；从“国九条”到房地产变革，中央正将楼市发展作为扩大内需的重要内容，这将形成一股推动09年楼市前进的助力。     

以有效财税政策扩大消费拉动内需

消费作为社会总需求的重要组成部分,长期以来对我国经济增长的贡献度偏低。在当前进出口下滑态势仍未有效遏制、投资活力明显不足的情况下,扩大消费将为宏观经济又好又快发展提供坚实的支撑。财税政策在扩大消费、拉动内需方面具有重要作用。     

内需再启的憧憬与现实——内需再启之辨

在新一轮启动内需政策实施之际,有必要在汲取以前经验教训基础上,调整扩大内需的思路和政策。其中很重要的是:需要将扩大内需建立在满足需求的基础上。     

关于“四川省扩大内需和消费的方向及思路”的政策研究

十八届三中全会后,在全国倡导新型城镇化发展的大背景之下,四川作为一个幅员辽阔、资源丰富且人口众多的大省,其城镇化发展是否健康,经济增长是否稳定都很大程度影响到西部大开发的进程。而四川省的内需与省内消费能力对于经济发展和城镇化发展这两个方面都是至关重要的因素。本文通过对四川省经济发展水平和内需的现状与困境进行分析与研究,利用政策创新的研究视角给出对应的政策建议。     

浅析调控内需结构性失衡的宏观经济政策有效性

为了应对全球金融危机,我国相应的提出了一系列应对措施,国家积极地宏观经济政策虽然对经济的持续增长起到了一定的作用,但对内需结构的调整作用并不大,另一方面受到投资和信贷的双重刺激,我国内需结构性失衡的情况愈演愈烈,直接导致国内储蓄率居高不下,甚至出现国家货币政策工作的操作方向与实际效果相反的问题。本文从我国内需结构性失衡的特征及原因切入,寻找我国内需结构性失衡的根本原因,根据研究结果来确定国家宏观经济政策的调整目标及手段等内容。     

发改委抓紧研究增投资扩内需政策

国家发改委有关负责人11月4日就当前经济形势接受采访时表示，中国经济发展的基本面是好的，特别是经过30年的改革开放和经济的高速增长，我国综合国力和抗击各种风险的能力明显增强。只要调控得当，工作到位，中国可以最大限度减少外部经济的不利影响，继续保持经济平稳较快增长。     

就业增长与空间政策

从空间的角度,解释高增长低就业、内需不足等宏观经济问题的深层原因.认为目前就业和内需不足,不仅仅是产业政策的问题,在很大程度上也是由于不正确的空间政策造成的.提出要解决这些问题需要同时从空间政策入手.     

Supply and demand of policy indicators

The aim of this article is to question the idea that all professional service organizations are undergoing a process of inter-archetype transformation. This idea, originating in organizational archetype theory, is now being used to interpret contemporary processes of change in British and other public sector services. Drawing on an example of management UK restructuring in social services during the 1990s – that of local authority social services in the UK – two main problems with this thesis are identified. First, this service demonstrates that ‘radical’ change has not occurred and that older professional values and working practices persist. Second, it reveals how, in at least one part of the public sector in the UK, management reforms have been partly undermined by a specific constellation of institutions and practices. These observations call for questioning the proposition that inter-archetype change is what has occurred and that current reforms will inevitably have this sort of transformational effect.     

Estimation and policy implications of rental housing demand

The demand for rental housing using the Annual Housing Survey SMSA sample for 1977 is estimated. The principal determinants of rental housing demand, namely housing price and permanent/transitory income, are computed through spatially varying hedonic price techniques and instrumental variables methods (relating to human and nonhuman capital), respectively. Based on the demand estimation results, impacts of hypothetical cash and rent subsidy programs are analyzed in terms of “housing” and “welfare” effects. It is found that a rent subsidy achieves considerably larger effects than does a cash subsidy.     

The cost implications of waste reduction: factor demand, competitiveness and policy implications

Manufacturing produces both good and “bad” outputs, such as waste, which have negative environmental effects. Economic (e.g., tax) and non-economic (e.g., reputation) incentives encourage firms to reduce waste. However, such practices are costly because decreases in output produced or increases in inputs used may accompany waste reduction. We employ a cost function approach to evaluate patterns of output and waste production and capital, labor, and materials use, for UK manufacturing plants. We find that costs of waste reduction generally imply increasing materials use and capital and labor input saving, but vary by county, region, and industry.

Budget regimes and internal governance: considerations for the sustainability of fiscal policy

In a fiscal policy set-up with Ricardian equivalence and rational expectations, the decision-making of private agents is based on the knowledge that current deficits will be met with future tax increases or spending decreases. This view requires that the government's budget exhibit intertemporal balance, or that fiscal policy be sustainable. This paper examines the extent to which sustainability holds in the light of changes in the institutional structure of the budget process and changes in internal House governance rules. The results indicate that certain aspects of sustainability are related to the underlying institutional structure and governance of the budget process. The authors wish to thank the editors and three anonymous referees for their thoughtful comments and suggestions. All remaining errors remain our own.     

Estimation of food demand in Turkey: method of an almost ideal demand system

In this study, data of the household income and consumption expenditure surveys conducted by the Turkish Statistical Institute for 1994 and 2003 years were used; income, price, and cross price elasticities under six aggregated product groups were estimated within the framework of the an almost ideal demand system approach for food expenditures; and estimation of household consumers’ food demand in Turkey was analyzed. According to the findings obtained, it was established that a price-bound change would appear in the food demand, and elasticities were calculated. Expenditures by product groups and price elasticities were obtained, and the product groups were aggregated as bread and cereals; meat, fish, and poultry; milk and dairy products, oil and egg; vegetables and fruits; various fast food and alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages.     

Social preference function and policy prioritisation for Bangladesh: An experiment with analytical hierarchy process

The difficulty in assigning priority weights in the multiple objective optimisation exercise of the planning process often leads to arbitrariness in the determination of priority weights. However, Frish (1957) has demonstrated that despite Arrow's famous impossibility theorem, a social preference function can be numerically established by systematically interviewing the decision makers or responsible politicians. In the light of the above, this paper attempts to achieve two goals: (a) that it is, indeed, possible to find intuitively plausible numerical priority weights and (b) the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) can be used to translate the interview responses into cardinal ordering. The close correspondence between the investment allocations of the Planning Commission and those derived from the priority weights of our exercise with AHP implies that AHP can be used to by-pass detailed planning exercises and thereby make planning more flexible.     

From demand management to monetary control, sustainable budgets and supply-side policy

The monetarist revolution displaced Keynesian management in the 1970s and early 1980s. But because of the shift in thinking to rational expectations, the idea that information is used efficiently in forming beliefs about the economy, monetarism has evolved into a general policy preoccupation with proper budgeting and the supply side as well as with monetary-policy rules that will both control inflation and help to stabilize the economy.     

对企业内部控制整体框架的思考

美国反欺诈财务报告委员会(COSO)的内部控制整体框架理论已得到业界的普遍认可,但我国内部控制理论尚未形成比较统一和完善的体系.本文对COSO的内部控制整体框架理论及中西方其他关于内部控制的论述进行了归纳,以期在我国建立一套内涵与外延相统一、能与国际接轨、可操作性强的企业内部控制新框架.