Robust monetary policy with imperfect knowledge

We examine the performance and robustness properties of monetary policy rules in an estimated macroeconomic model in which the economy undergoes structural change and where private agents and the central bank possess imperfect knowledge about the true structure of the economy. Policymakers follow an interest rate rule aiming to maintain price stability and to minimize fluctuations of unemployment around its natural rate but are uncertain about the economy's natural rates of interest and unemployment and how private agents form expectations. In particular, we consider two models of expectations formation: rational expectations (RE) and learning. We show that in this environment the ability to stabilize the real side of the economy is significantly reduced relative to an economy under RE with perfect knowledge. Furthermore, policies that would be optimal under perfect knowledge can perform very poorly if knowledge is imperfect. Efficient policies that take account of private learning and misperceptions of natural rates call for greater policy inertia, a more aggressive response to inflation, and a smaller response to the perceived unemployment gap than would be optimal if everyone had perfect knowledge of the economy. We show that such policies are quite robust to potential misspecification of private sector learning and the magnitude of variation in natural rates.     

Family learning in the workplace: nurturing lifelong learning

Lifelong learning must become a reality for all employees if we are to create and sustain organizations which can survive in the knowledge economy of the future. But how do we engage those who never access training and development opportunities at work? In this article it is argued that these people may be attracted back to learning by offering them opportunities at work to learn with their families.This different method of facilitating lifelong learning is examined here. The benefits to business and the wider community of encouraging families to learn together at work are explored. It is concluded that the addition of family learning in organisations to our current range of training and development activities can engage a new constituency in learning at work and can model the importance of lifelong learning to a new generation of future employees.     

Mentoring and the tolerance of complexity

This paper explores mentoring in the light of complexity theory and the premium placed upon knowledge in organisational viability. A key question is “what is the role of mentoring, as a developmental and knowledge creating process, in a complex environment?” There are two parts to the discussion. First, we explore complexity at work, and what it means for the individual. We link the central ideas of complexity theory with the notion of a ‘corporate curriculum’, an inclusive concept intended to capture the complex nature of learning at work, in all its variants. Secondly, we speculate on the contribution mentoring can make in complex organisations where employees are part of a knowledge economy by virtue of being knowledge producers and being engaged in learning at work. The environments in which we work are becoming more complex and mentoring is also complex. There is a synergy here. For people living in complexity where there are few rules, no right answers and no predictable outcomes, we suggest that mentoring can play a distinctive role in helping people to ‘tolerate’ complexity and remain effective.     

The DIME System: A Preliminary Report

Investment management is a complex, yet promising, domain for the application of intelligent automation. In this paper we discuss the Diversified Investment Management Expert (DIME) system which is under development. DIME is designed to operate in a dynamic environment and hence one of its salient features is its knowledge acquisition via learning. The system starts out with some rules built into it, and machine-learning techniques are used to acquire further knowledge with time. In this paper we focus on how similarity-based learning (SBL) is used to acquire new rules and explanation-based learning (EBL) to refine the built-in rules and the newly acquired ones.     

The role of information, knowledge and value in the late 20th century

The new electronics technologies are propelling a transformation of value creation from being based on physical work to being based on knowledge creation. This is creating an economy increasingly based on innovation, but this means that the obsolescence is becoming increasingly rapid. Some products such as personal computers are now on a three-month product cycle meaning that even as value is being created more quickly, it is also being destroyed more quickly. Software is one of the quintessential products of this new economy. One of the central dilemmas of the knowledge economy is that the product knowledge often can be reproduced at essentially no cost. This means that it is difficult to enforce private property relationships creating a difficulty for private firms. Information and knowledge creation have already become the central pivot in capitalist economies and this will only be reinforced.     

房地产开发企业动态能力的维度结构与实证研究

在已有研究基础上,提出房地产开发企业动态能力的概念内涵和三维度结构模型,通过探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析,对其维度结构进行提炼和验证。实证分析表明,房地产开发企业动态能力包含组织学习、整合重构、组织变革三大维度,且维度结构具有较好的可靠性和有效性,从而为国内“新常态”下房地产开发企业动态能力的培育和提升奠定基础。     

知识的重要性和知识管理

如今,西方国家主要是以服务为基础,信息和知识十分宝贵。许多公司雇用首席知识官来进行知识管理,即系统地组织、计划、调度、监控和部署人员、技术、工艺,以及一个可以一起创造、共享、鉴定的环境,以实现战略目标。本文集中解释了知识和知识管理的重要性,并就关键问题进行总结。     

研发开放度与企业创新绩效的关系研究：组织学习的中介作用

研发活动的开放水平与企业从外部环境中获取异质性知识的可能性密切相关。对知识进行系统的组织学习决定企业能否有效利用知识以获得创新产出。构建包含组织学习中介效应的企业研发活动开放度与创新绩效关系模型。考量基于湖南、广东和浙江等地312家企业数据的实证调查表明,企业提升研发活动开放程度和增强组织学习对创新绩效都产生了显著的积极作用,并且组织的探索式学习在研发开放度与企业创新绩效之间起中介作用。     

基于建构主义的计算机辅助英语词汇学习

随着计算机技术的日新月异和大学英语教学改革的进行,利用计算机及网络技术进行英语教学已经被广泛接受并付诸实践。因此,处于英语学习中心地位的词汇学习也毫无疑问将受益于这一新的学习工具,因为它能够为英语学习提供生动的学习环境。本文从建构主义的学习观及学习环境等理论来探讨计算机辅助英语词汇学习。     

The New Economy: Reality and Policy

This paper concerns the new economy (alias the knowledge‐based economy). I examine the different meanings attached to the new economy term and the evidence surrounding it, concentrating on the upsurge in US productivity growth between 1995 and 2000. I argue that the reports of the death of the new economy have been greatly exaggerated. There is evidence that information technology has transformed the US economy and is thus likely to have a strong impact on the UK economy in coming years. I discuss how elements of public policy should adapt to these economic changes, both in terms of an overall framework and in applications to specific areas (technology policy, human capital policy, competition policy and industrial policy). The new economy is a place of hope and fear. The hope is that policy activism can cement in potential productivity gains; the fear is that government actions will not mitigate the seemingly ineluctable pressures towards social exclusion.     

浅谈在英语教学中学生创造力的培养

一. Introduction With the development of the society, English learning becomes a new trend in the time of knowledge economy in the 21st century, the international exchanges and cooperation among countries are more closer to each other than ever before, therefore, English which is the language most widely used has been regarded as an irresistible communicative tool. However, the traditional modes of English teaching are not suitable for students to study and communicate with each other effectively in English in China.     

Anticipated fiscal policy and adaptive learning

The impact of anticipated policy changes when agents form expectations using adaptive learning rather than rational expectations is considered. Agents are assumed to combine limited structural knowledge with a standard adaptive learning rule. These issues are analyzed using two well-known set-ups, an endowment economy and the Ramsey model. In our scenario there are important deviations from both rational expectations and purely adaptive learning. The approach could be applied to other frameworks.     

Limits to growth rates in an ethereal economy

It has been argued that economic growth can continue despite the finite nature of the Earth and its ecological systems if growth is concentrated in an ethereal economy where ideas and information dominate over physical inputs. In this paper, we agree that in a sustainable society continued growth must eventually be concentrated in the ethereal economy; however, we argue that such growth cannot occur at the ongoing exponential rate that currently underpins the constant rate of returns relied upon within our economies. As there is a limit to how fast a population can adopt new ideas, and as such adoption and innovation itself occurs in unpredictable bursts, growth in an ethereal economy will follow a model of punctuated equilibrium composed of exponential bursts, logistic growth, and stable/stagnating periods in a manner similar to ecological evolutionary processes. Although such an economic environment is likely far in the future, lessons in not overtaxing ecological capital and encouraging information dissemination and knowledge diffusion are applicable to problems we face today.     

Academic practices of virtual learning by interaction

The way that the academic practice in higher education universities responds to the influence of computer networks and technology will be central to the definition of their future role. The traditional metaphor of university as self-contained village is challenged as knowledge becomes widely available on the Internet and teacher-student and student-student dialogues are not bound by spatial boundaries. The paper presents four metaphoric spaces that virtual dialogues can take place in. Each of these appears to fail the criteria of creating space where knowledge that a particular individual has can be shared, recreated, and amplified through interactions with others in academic contexts. We consider the effect of three driving forces that could create alternative teacher and student roles and dialogues between them. A technology-driven shaping of virtual learning may result in auto-responsive ‘robosapiens’, a relativist societal-driven shaping of virtual learning may result in socially isolated ‘nerds’. An environment in which technology is shaped by ethical evaluation with respect to higher level (e.g. meta-conceptual) learning is desired to raise the standards of intellectual and technological talents. Such an environment is considerably different from the norms of present-day universities and the every-day roles of teachers and students.     

基于广义资本的财务报告

随着经济形态从工业经济到知识经济的转变、发展观念从无限增长观到可持续增长观的转变、企业从"经济人"到"社会生态经济人"的转变,企业资本呈现出一种泛化的趋势,即从传统财务会计中的财务资本转变为了包括财务资本(债务资本、权益资本)、人力资本、组织资本、社会资本、生态资本等在内的广义资本。广义资本共同创造了企业价值,都应在企业享有相应的权益。所以,新经济时代的财务报告应为广义资本所有者提供其产权价值实现和保障情况的个性化的信息。     

An investigation into student satisfaction,approaches to learning and the learning context in Auditing

Arguably, the audit course is one of the most challenging as it links prior accounting knowledge with new audit knowledge that students are generally not exposed to. A mini‐audit group project was implemented at a New Zealand university, and a learning approach and learning experience survey instrument was administered. Responses from 98 students suggest that they perceived the learning experience positively and were encouraged to adopt a deep approach to learning. The findings have implications for accounting educators in the design and development of learning and assessment strategies in an audit course.     

Education and the economy: rethinking the question of learning for the ‘knowledge’ era

This paper argues that advanced industrial societies are (i) addressing ‘intended and unintended consequences’ of economic and technological development, and (ii) responding to dilemmas that cannot be solved by existing schema and routines. Paradoxically, the current education–economy/lifelong learning debate rests on traditional interpretation of the concept of learning (i.e. acquisition of pre-existing knowledge and skill). The paper argues that a sociological and educational theory of learning is needed to assist people and communities to use ideas originating from one context to resolve the dilemmas experienced in another. It introduces the concept of ‘reflexive learning’ to illustrate how to reformulate public education policies to address these issues.     

论我国的财务会计目标

财务会计目标是财务会计理论的一个基本问题。确立我国财务会计目标的原则应包括稳定性、先进性、适用性和系统性。我国的会计目标受会计环境的影响，主要体现在资本市场的发展、通货膨胀、可持续发展战略、新技术革命和知识经济的影响上。因此，我国的财务会计目标应定位于决策有用之上，并保证相关性和可靠性的统一，这是第一层次上的目标。其次，还应确立在此基础上的多层次的具体目标。     

打造推动创新与现代化的智库产业集群

在世界经济的"新全球化"背景下,中国经济基本面发生了历史性的实质变化,经济结构、发展动力和国际环境都发生了深刻变化,宏观经济步入新的发展阶段,中国经济从过去两位数的高速增长阶段下行到当前的中高速增长时期,已演变成一种结构性的减速。面对经济新常态,如何让智库产业在区域经济发展中起到重要支撑作用?     

企业知识吸收能力对孵化企业绩效的影响研究

本文把企业知识吸收能力及其影响因素和孵化企业绩效融入到一个分析框架之中,提出了企业知识吸收能力的相关理论假设和概念模型.本文主要观点认为,企业知识吸收能力受到企业知识基础、企业研发投入、企业学习强度和方法、企业学习机制的影响,同时,企业知识吸收能力对孵化企业绩效具有促进作用.