论区域经济一体化高质量发展的税收定位

当前,世界正经历百年未有之大变局,处于重要战略发展机遇期的我国,内部条件和外部环境正在发生深刻复杂变化。充分发挥重点区域引领作用,加快推进京津冀、粤港澳和长三角一体化高质量发展,对加快形成以国内大循环为主体.国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局意义深远。而税收作为我国经济制度体系的重要组成部分,其制度、政策、管理和服务对于区域经济一体化高质量发展起着举足轻重的影响和作用。     

Welfare Policies, Labour Taxation and International Integration

How will international integration affect welfare policies? This paper considers the possibilities of financing public sector activities (public consumption and social security expenses) by general (wage) taxation in an economy which becomes more integrated in international product markets. Even if labour is internationally immobile, the increased mobility of products and hence jobs implies a change in the distortions arising from taxes and social security contributions levied on labour income. Since financing of social security via general taxation involves a common resource problem the effects of international integration depend critically on the institutional structure of the labour market. This paper shows that increased international integration inducing more product market competition implies that it becomes more costly to maintain welfare systems financed by general taxation.     

全球经济一体化与税收国际化趋势的探究

本文以税收与经济的关系为基础,从世界经济发展趋势的角度来探求全球税收制度的发展趋势,分别论述了经济全球化、经济信息化以及经济可持续发展等因素对于世界税收制度发展趋势的影响,并对国际税收组织建立的必要性进行了探讨.     

Taxation and Economic Growth

The development of endogenous growth theory has opened an avenue through which the effects of taxation on economic growth can be explored. Explicit modelling of the individual decisions that contribute to growth allows the analysis of tax incidence and the prediction of growth effects. This paper reviews the theoretical and empirical evidence to assess whether a consensus arises as to how taxation affects the rate of economic growth. It is shown that the theoretical models isolate a number of channels through which taxation can affect growth and that these effects may be very substantial. Although empirical tests of the growth effect face unresolved difficulties, the empirical evidence points very strongly to the conclusion that the tax effect is very weak.     

Redistribution as Social Insurance and Capital Market Integration

In this paper we claim that enhanced economic integration can call for an increase in redistribution among workers. When individuals are risk averse and no human capital insurance is available, the share of workers who choose to invest in specific human capital will be inefficiently low. Redistribution among workers plays the role of the missing insurance market by making the investment in the specific skills more attractive. Capital market integration has two different effects. On the one hand it makes labour income taxation more distortionary, therefore reducing the optimal tax rate on labour. On the other hand, it increases the variance of specific labour wage and widens the scope for risk protection of specific human capital through the redistribution implemented by a labour income tax. We show that the insurance effect of redistribution can be stronger than the distortionary effect, so that the optimal tax rate on labour income can increase when capital markets become more integrated.     

Income Redistribution in an Economic Union: The Trade Off Between Inter- and Intra-National Redistribution

This paper studies the design of redistributive policiesbetween and within the member countries of an economic union.There are two types of countries, which differ in their proportionof high income individuals. Both the supra-national and the nationalgovernments attempt to redistribute income within their respectiveboundaries. However, the central government cannot observe anindividual countrys ability to pay; it only observes the aggregate(internal) redistributive effort of each country. We derive theoptimal incentive compatible tax-transfer policy of the centralgovernment and show that there is a tradeoff between inter- andintra-national redistribution. Specifically, to reduce informationalrents of the rich countries, the optimal policy induces a distortionin the poor countries (internal) redistributive policies. Interestingly,both insufficient as well as excessive redistribution can arise.     

Economic Integration, Factor Mobility, and Wage Convergence

This paper studies the effect of economic integrationof two regions on the mobility of skilled and unskilled workersacross regions and on the resulting location of industrial activity.In particular, we study what happens when wages in both regionsare set by the unions of the West—the region with agreater initial relative stock of human capital. We show thatunder some circumstances, it is the interest of the West's unionsto set up a speed of wage convergence greater than equilibrium,thus generating unemployment in the East. This slows the migrationof human capital toward the East, but quickens the migrationof raw labor toward the West. A greater share of economic activityis eventually located in the Western region. Unions in the Westwill benefit from this provided human capital has low migrationcosts relative to raw labor.     

试论生态税赋的经济激励--兼论西部生态补偿的政府行为

课征生态税能使生产达到最适量,为生态补偿提供稳定的资金渠道,促进企业技术创新,推动环境资源产权制度的创新。然而对于生态服务的交易,市场是无法完成的,必须由政府干预来进行,最终通过转移支付来补偿生态建设者。     

Regional Integration and Economic Growth

The rapid economic growth of developing countries that openedtheir markets to free international trade during the past twodecades has stimulated a large empirical and theoretical literatureon the impact of trade on growth. This literature concludesthat free trade and growth were positively correlated duringthe 1970s and 1980s. However, most studies focus on nondiscriminatoryopenness. Does regional integration matter for economic growth?Do regional trade agreements have any impact on growth? This article presents empirical evidence that countries withopen, large, and more developed neighboring economies grow fasterthan those with closed, smaller, and less developed neighboringeconomies. The results are robust to different specificationsof the empirical model and different definitions of openness,suggesting that small economies should grow faster when theyform regional trade agreements with large and more developedeconomies. However, testing for the impact of five regionaltrade agreements during the 1970s and 1980s finds that noneled to faster growth. The main reason seems to be that mostof these agreements were among small, closed, and developingeconomies.     

最优税制设计的经济分析

消费税、所得税均会对累梁托最优条件产生扭曲影响，最优税制设计只能以净福利损失最小为效率目标，积极公平调节的选择工具是累进所得税、累进程度取决于效用权数、收入的边际效用和劳动力供给弹性。     

我国宏观税负与经济增长的实证分析

近年来,研究有关税收和经济增长之间关系的文献较多,但从马克思的再生产理论角度来进行研究的却不多。在宋则行先生推导的国民经济增长公式的基础上,进一步引入税收和政府支出因素的同时,再做出如下假定:资本的有机构成保持不变;政府只对剩余价值征税;剩余价值率保持不变;税收不会改变产品间的比例关系。从而可以更清晰地看出我国宏观税负的总体水平。     

促进就业与经济增长的财税政策研究

市场经济条件下,财税政策是一国调控经济的重要手段.我国于1998～2003年实施的积极财政政策在熨平经济波动和稳定就业方面取得了成功的经验.现今,我国再次面临全球性金融危机的挑战,外向型经济受到极大的冲击,整体经济增速放缓,就业市场供需矛盾日益严重.在此形势下,中央果断采取"保增长、促发展"的积极政策,扩大国内需求以缓解外部经济波动的影响.以内生增长理论为基础,可以建立包含财政各项支出的增长模型,同时由于税收对微观经济主体的投资、消费行为会产生一定影响,所以应将税收纳入到模型中.通过考察1978～2006年经济增长与各项财政支出及税收之间的关系,可以为制定短期需求导向型财政政策提供依据.     

Taxation, Migration, and Pollution

This paper analyzes optimal fiscal, environmental and immigration policy for a single jurisdiction. In the presence of immigration quotas, taxes on the output of externality-producing industries should be higher than indicated by the standard rule for Pigovian corrective taxation. Immigration quotas are not optimal if fiscal instruments can be used to control immigration, and relaxation of immigration quotas generally increases domestic welfare. If optimal taxes are imposed on immigrants, no immigration quota should be imposed, and a version of the traditional Pigovian rule characterizes optimal taxation of domestic externalities. If production in the immigrants' country of origin causes trans-boundary spillovers, domestic welfare can be improved by lighter taxation of immigrants or by further relaxation of immigration quotas. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

经济转轨时期的税收政策分析

现阶段我国税收政策目标应包括财政收入政策目标、经济发展政策目标和收入再分配政策目标。在具体的政策设计中，应当从宏观上把握三大政策目标的内在关系，实现整体税制的优化调整、各税种及税种要素的相互配合和有机协调。近期应把扩大整个税制体系的税基放到税制改革的优先位置，进一步完善并优化税制结构，实现税制整体结构的战略调整，调整有关税收政策，促进经济社会可持续发展。     

超越再分配调节:对税收促进共同富裕作用的全景认识及政策建议

税收是影响共同富裕的重要因素,但目前社会各界对税收与共同富裕之间的关系的认识,更多局限于通过收入转移实现再分配进而缩小贫富差距方面。基于理论逻辑与政策实践相映照、历史经验与发展进路相结合的分析表明,税收对共同富裕的影响是超越再分配调节的,理应在广阔的时代视阈下形成对税收促进共同富裕作用的全景认识。进入后小康时代,税收促进共同富裕的作用定位是推动经济高质量发展、优化社会分配结构、保障公共服务供给、促进绿色转型发展、缓解空间发展不平衡、助推民主法治建设。对照这六大作用定位的基本要求,目前税收在促进共同富裕方面还存在一些薄弱环节与不完善之处。因此,今后要以实现共同富裕为目标导向,找准公平与效率的结合点,进一步深化税制改革、完善现代税制,使税收在扎实推动共同富裕进程中更好地发挥作用。     

税收与经济增长关系的文献综述

国内外学者对税收如何影响经济增长的问题进行了较多研究,既包括理论研究也包括经验分析,但相关研究并未得出一致的结论。本文分别从国外研究与国内研究两个方面,对相关文献进行梳理和总结,分析税收与经济增长的相关性,进而获取有益的启发,以期对政府制定合理的税收政策提供一定的帮助。     

税收与农村产业融合发展的适应性探究

农村产业融合发展能够有效提高农民组织化程度和应对自然与市场风险的能力,也是乡村振兴的有效途径和农业供给侧结构性改革的重要抓手。税收作为宏观调控的重要手段,在培育新型经营主体、减轻"公司+农户"型企业负担和促进小农户融入农业产业链中发挥重要作用,促进了农村产业融合发展。但部分涉农税收政策仍需作出适应性调整,如部分涉农减免税政策存在负效应、有些行业税收优惠政策仍显不足,等等。本文从税收服务经济社会发展角度,探究税收制度与农村产业融合发展的适应性,提出加强统筹规划、推广核定扣除办法、加强税收管理等建议。