中美贸易争端中中国企业的出路——日美贸易摩擦中企业作用的启示

中美两国贸易摩擦所引发的两国关系不确定性,在次贷危机之后需要寻找新的思路来处理。除了政府间的谈判之外,对外贸易的主体企业的作用显得尤为重要。中国企业在贸易摩擦中的作用显然还不能应对中美贸易摩擦的现状,为此需要学习国外企业的经验,尤其是日本企业在日美摩擦中与日本政府和行业协会所形成的三位一体的处理争端的机制,从而形成有效的危机处理机制。     

基于制度差异视角的贸易摩擦分析

作者从宏观交易成本的角度和微观企业制度的角度分析了制度差异导致贸易摩擦的机制,并且用博弈的方法分析了各国间进行制度差异协调的必要性,得出我国应从政治、经济、历史文化方面采取相应对策加强制度差异的协调,以减少与贸易伙伴间的摩擦的发生.     

当前国际贸易的体制性摩擦问题值得关注

国际贸易摩擦在不同经济周期呈现不同的特征,当前有从常规性摩擦升级到体制性摩擦的趋向。从历史角度看,世界贸易体系存在的三种矛盾决定常规性摩擦转化为体制性摩擦的必然性。未来我国将面临更多体制性摩擦,我国应具有战略性的远见,积极参与国际体系重构;深化国内政治经济改革;避免国际贸易摩擦中的政治冲突;积极应对国有企业在国际体系中面临的挑战。在摩擦纷起的过程中找到中国在世界体系中的发展机会。     

农业保护政策对农产品贸易摩擦的影响分析

农业保护政策严重阻碍了农产品贸易自由化,导致世界农产品贸易摩擦不断升级.从整体角度来看,农业政策通过以政策优势取代比较优势所产生的消极影响以及对国际农产品贸易格局的扭曲效应对贸易摩擦产生影响,这些效应又因摩擦的当事国之间的发展水平不同而产生不同的特殊效应.发达国家间农产品贸易摩擦产生竞相保护博弈效应,发展中国家之间的农产品贸易摩擦产生边境政策的刚性对抗效应,发达国家与发展中国家之间的农产品贸易摩擦则导致择定扭曲效应.     

我国对外贸易摩擦的政治经济分析

近年来,我国对外贸易摩擦频繁发生,既有其经济根源,也有政治因素的影响。文章将从经济根源方面的经济实力因素和政治根源方面的利益集团因素两方面来分析我国对外贸易摩擦的政治经济原因。     

完善中国对外贸易摩擦预警机制的思路探讨

在当前全球经济不景气、贸易保护主义抬头背景下,贸易摩擦日益增多,构建我国对外贸易摩擦预警机制十分必要。本文首先介绍了中国对外贸易摩擦的现状,然后阐述了中国对外贸易摩擦预警机制的现状,最后提出了完善我国对外贸易摩擦预警机制的思路。     

探讨中美贸易摩擦的根源

近年来中美贸易摩擦层出不穷,对两国经贸发展带来了不利影响。本文首先对中美贸易摩擦的现状进行分析,总结美国发起对华贸易摩擦的特点,而后对发生贸易摩擦的原因进行研究,从经济、政治、意识形态的层面研究美国方面的原因;从宏观政府层面,微观行业及企业层面研究中国方面的原因。两国应加强政府及相关贸易部门的沟通协调,积极利用WTO争端解决机制,尽可能降低两国贸易摩擦发生的频率,弱化贸易摩擦带来的不利影响,维持中美经贸关系的健康发展。     

浅谈中美贸易摩擦问题及其应对措施

本文主要从贸易角度讨论了中美国际贸易摩擦的问题,对中美贸易摩擦形成的原因进行了分析,并针对中美贸易摩擦的具体现状提出了相应的应对措施,以此来提高我国的贸易竞争力。     

金融危机背景下的中美经贸摩擦研究

随着我国与美国之间的经贸关系不断深化,两国之间的贸易摩擦也呈现出了愈演愈烈的形式。在面对中美贸易摩擦中,应当客观的认识到这不仅是我国企业竞争力不断加强的表现,同时是我国经济实力不断增强的结果,所以在分析中美经贸摩擦的过程中应当客观的对中美经贸摩擦产生的原因以及影响作出研究,并以积极的态度对缓解中美经贸摩擦的策略做出探讨。本文从国外因素与国内因素两个方面对中美贸易摩擦产生的原因做出分析,并从宏观上阐述了中美贸易摩擦造成的影响,同时从政府与行业协会两个方面对缓解中美贸易摩擦的策略做出探讨。     

钢铁企业化解产能过剩与应对贸易摩擦的对策分析

产能过剩和贸易摩擦是我国钢铁企业同时存在的难题。行业重复建设,无序竞争使得钢铁企业产能严重过剩,造成我国钢铁企业普遍挣扎在亏损的边缘;加大钢铁产品出口份额导致钢铁出口贸易逆差扩大又加大了钢铁产品的国际贸易摩擦。我国钢铁企业面临的贸易摩擦形势异常严峻。频发的国际贸易摩擦使得我国钢铁行业残酷的竞争环境雪上加霜,对我国整个经济的发展和经济结构的调整造成了巨大的负面影响。我国钢铁企业应认真研究化解产能过剩与国际贸易摩擦的起因,并找到合理的解决方法。     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。     

生物群落结构原型的仿生学模拟

模拟生命系统管理规律的科学即管理仿生学,是知识时代仿生学研究的新领域与前沿.基于模拟生物群落结构规律的研究目的,采用仿生学模拟的研究方法,以生物群落结构为原型,建立了仿生群落结构模型.结论为:垂直结构、水平结构、时间结构与交错区结构是支持生物群落生命活动的结构规律,以该规律为原型,推理建立了仿生分层结构、仿生优化结构、仿生动态结构与仿生相邻结构,四种仿生结构分别侧重于管理资源的分层管理、局部优化管理、动态过程管理、相邻关系管理,该模型为建立类似生物群落的人造管理系统即仿生群落管理系统提供了仿生结构模型.可以预测,该模型具有广泛的应用价值,能够推动管理仿生学的发展.