简析提高我国人口素质的必要性

提高人口素质是一项根本性的、长期的、巨大的战略任务,凡是对提高人口素质有利的物质文明和精神文明都应该坚持办。要控制人口数量、提倡优生、高度重视和大力发展教育、医疗卫生、科学技术事业,应该靠从小到老,从个人、家庭到社会各方面来抓,贯穿在整个生活和生产活动中。     

如何有效提高建筑工程施工质量

随着社会生产力的快速发展和科学技术的进步,建筑工程在工程管理上的要求也越来越规范化、系统化,其工程成本、工程进度以及工程质量和安全等也都有着质的飞跃。现在,保证建筑工程施工质量一直是各项目经理所面临的一大考验,百年大计,质量第一,在建筑施工中,作为项目工程建设的总指挥,项目经理肩负着保证工程质量与安全的重任,所以,建筑部门必须要以质量立信誉,以管理求效益。     

实施GB14761标准提高空气质量

简要叙述空气污染带来的危害，重点指出车辆排放污染物已严重影响到空气质量和人类生活，扼要介绍GB14761的主要内容，提出贯彻GB14761，借以提高空气质量已势在必行。     

试探提高《西方经济学》教学质量的途径

在经济管理类的各门课程中,西方经济学是最重要而难学的课程之一。本文阐述了提高西方经济学课堂教学质量的途径,认为要提高西方经济学课堂教学质量,需要做到以下几点:一,辩证看待西方经济理论,清晰了解西方经济理论产生的渊源;二,清楚说明概念与经济理论的内在逻辑关系;三,适当运用案例教学;四,引入课堂提问、课堂讨论的方式;五,运用经济学原理分析日常生活中的事例。     

Quality of work life: perspectives and directions

The values that quality of work life (QWL) has brought to the workplace are in danger of being lost, say authors Nadler and Lawler; to avert this danger, they debunk several "definitions" of the concept that miss the point, give it a precise definition, and spell out ways to use it successfully. They delineate six factors that they believe separate more successful from less successful QWL efforts. The first success factor is a perception of need--that is, in successful efforts organization members actually perceive a problem. Second, the problem is salient to the organization. Third, a structure for participation is created. Fourth, rewards are provided both for the processes and for the outcomes of QWL activities. Fifth, multiple levels of management are involved. And, finally, QWL involves all organization members in a way that avoids "we-they" rivalries. With these factors in mind, the authors conclude that three major components of QWL efforts must be managed well if they are to succeed: (1) development of projects at different levels; (2) changes in management systems and structure; and (3) changes in senior management behavior--that is, if the QWL effort is to be credible to organization members, there must be some specific, tangible QWL activity in which senior managers participate.     

Using life cycle approaches to enhance the value of corporate environmental disclosures

As the focus of environmental policy and management shifts from cleaner production at the process level towards greener products as a whole, stakeholders ask for transparency throughout the entire value chain. This article assesses the comprehensiveness and the value of currently reported quantitative environmental disclosures of 97 listed companies from the automotive, banking, pharmaceutical and electronic hardware sectors. Findings indicate that quantitative environmental disclosures have many limitations, including incompleteness and inconsistency regarding corporate activities and sites, and limited internal data coherence. For many sectors, corporate disclosures only cover a very small share of the total environmental burden of products. A stepwise procedure is proposed to verify and improve the quality and completeness of reporting using life cycle approaches. We present simple data quality tests, and we introduce the concept of the environmental influence matrix, which provides a solid basis for the identification and prioritization of key performance indicators and areas of action. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

Are We Really Measuring the Quality of Life?Well-being Has Subjective Dimensions,As Well As Objective Ones

A bstract . In order to compare the quality of life (QOL) in U.S. metropolitan areas economic, sociological, political and cultural data are often gathered and equally weighted without regard for the way QOL is perceived by those who live there. Basing our comparisons of U.S. metropolitan areas solely on objective data or official statistics biases the results so that there is little relationship between one set of measures and another. These results contradict conclusions reached by survey researchers who siwdy the perceptual aspects of the quality of life. Therefore, we must rethink the methods used in future of life studies, Psychographic and demographic data must be integrated.     

The environmental challenge

We now come to the ultimate question of whether we should be optimistic or pessimistic about our environmental future, and indeed our survival. If we believe human beings to be rational and thus ultimately acting in their own self-interest, there is no reason to believe that the environmental challenges confronting us as individuals and as a society are not resolvable in a manner that allows both economic development and a reasonable quality of life for human beings. Indeed, we see, at least in the developed world, recognition of the magnitude of the problems that we face and movements toward solutions. Yet our nemesis is time. Irretrievable seconds are ticking away as we struggle against ignorance and economic self-interest. Our concern must be not whether we will act, but whether we will act in time to forestall environmental catastrophe for our civilization. The ultimate solution to our environmental problems must come from a fundamental change in the self-serving psychology that produced the tragedy of the commons. Self-interest must be sublimated not only to the greater needs of society, but to the needs of our posterity. The tragedy of the commons can only be avoided if our time horizon shifts from the short- to long-term. In addition, there must be a shift in values from obsession with economic development to concern for the quality of human life. These shifts dictate that in the future our economic, political, and social system must be built upon a foundation of "sustainable" growth. This means that "industries (and nations, for that matter) cannot thrive if they sacrifice future quality of life for present economic gain. In the long run, the principles of economic growth and environmental quality reinforce each other." How do we make this esoteric speculation relevant to our job each day as materiel managers in health care delivery organizations? We can do this by first understanding the problems that we confront and how we are a part of these problems. Next, we must assume a leadership role in confronting and resolving these problems. This means being an advocate for the environment and championing initiatives within the institution to resolve problems and advance environmental responsibility. Finally, we must remember that every day, with each purchase order we issue, we vote for or against the environment.     

Municipal demand-side policy tools and the strategic management of technology life cycles

This research is particularly concerned with public policy instruments which may help to accelerate the development and diffusion of sustainable innovations and support local economic development. While sustainable technology sectors are in high demand, firms still face significant barriers in developing and diffusing their technologies in regions throughout the world (Hoff, 2012). This area has been less explored in the extant research yet recent experiences suggest that supply side tools may not always have positive benefits for supporting clean technology evolution, or for taxpayers. Leveraging innovation policy and technology life cycle literature, we develop a model of demand-side policy instruments which could be applied at different stages of the technology s-curve in order to accelerate the adoption of sustainable technologies. Implications for managers, public policy actors and researchers are considered.     

基于市民休闲生活需求的城市规划与管理——以广州市为例

城市的本质是人的居住形态和生活方式,现代社会休闲已成为城市居民的基本生活需求与生存方式,满足市民的休闲生活需求是城市的基本责任,"创造市民休闲生活"应该成为当代城市规划与管理的指导思想.以广州市为例,分析了基于市民休闲生活需求的城市规划方向和管理目标,并提出了具体策略.     

小型水利工程质量存在的问题及对策浅析

水利工程的兴建,对于周围地区的环境将产生非常大的影响。因此,制定水利工程规划,必须要从流域或地区的全局出发,以期减少不利影响,才能收到经济、社会和环境的最佳效果。工程质检工作是工程质量监督管理的重要环节,也是保证工程质量的重要条件。如果要保证水利工程质量,就要必须坚持认真进行质量检测。     

新形式下之工程质量管理

随着社会生产力的发展和科学技术的进步,建筑企业在工程管理上的要求也日益规范化、工程质量、工程安全以及工程进度等方面的要求与以往有着质的变化。当前,新形式下如何保证工程项目的质量将成为每一个项目经理所面对的最大的考验。"百年大计,质量第一"。为此必须要以质量立信誉,以管理求效益,强化工程质量管理。     

如何提高中标率

随着社会生产力的不断发展,各行各业的竞争也日益激烈,许多企业的生存都面临着严峻的挑战。当然,园林工程市场也毫不例外,要想在本行业有所位置并能名列前茅,企业的命脉便是需要有良好的业务形势。在上海拥有园林一级资质就有数家,在这样一个庞大的竞争环境下,要赢得一定的市场份额,关键就是提高中标率。     

校内生产性实训基地建设的思考

实践教学作为高职院校专业教学最重要的组成部分,贯穿于高技能人才培养的全过程,实训基地的建设是提高技能人才培养质量、实现高职教育目标的关键环节。本文探讨了校内生产性实训的内涵、特点,探索校内生产性实训基地建设的模式,以及建设中注意的问题,以达到生产性实训基地建设的目的。     

Local tax interaction and endogenous spatial weights based on quality of life

This paper studied the role of municipal quality of life as a driver of strategic tax interactions among local governments. A number of studies point out the existence of strategic interactions using spatial econometric models in which the spatial weights are mostly based on non-economic criteria or basic economic variables such as per capita gross domestic product (GDP). We propose the more sophisticated well-being indicator of municipal quality of life as the driver for these interactions. To deal with the potential endogeneity, we rely on instrumental variable estimators. The empirical analysis focuses on the main local tax in Spain (property) and on municipalities with more than 50,000 inhabitants, and it confirms the relevance of differentials in quality of life for the understanding of tax choices.     

Externalities in a life cycle model with endogenous survival

We study socially vs individually optimal life cycle allocations of consumption and health, when individual health care curbs own mortality but also has a spillover effect on other persons’ survival. Such spillovers arise, for instance, when health care activity at aggregate level triggers improvements in treatment through learning-by-doing (positive externality) or a deterioration in the quality of care through congestion (negative externality). We combine an age-structured optimal control model at population level with a conventional life cycle model to derive the social and private value of life. We then examine how individual incentives deviate from social incentives and how they can be aligned by way of a transfer scheme. The age-patterns of socially and individually optimal health expenditures and the transfer rate are derived. Numerical analysis illustrates the working of our model.     

强化学生服务意识 提高高职教育质量

旅游业的发展需要高素质的旅游人才，职业院校开展服务意识教育是适应旅游业发展的需要，是提高服务质量的前提条件，有助于提高旅游从业人员整体素质。职业院校开展服务意识教育必须注重四个结合，即专业课与德育课结合、专题活动与随机教育结合、校内教育与校外教育结合、学校教育与家庭教育结合，才能强化学生的服务意识，为旅游业培养高素质旅游人才。     

Evaluating the impacts of government policy through the long view of life history

The research reported in this paper uses life history analyses of Indigenous entrepreneurs to address the following question: How do individuals engaged in entrepreneuring incorporate their experience of government policy into their self-narratives, and what affects are apparent on attitudes towards, and the objectives of, their entrepreneurial activity? Subsequently, the paper makes two contributions to conceptual debates within entrepreneurship and small business studies. Firstly, the paper shows the value of life history methodology narratives in providing insights into entrepreneuring processes over time, particularly in understanding how to evaluate the impact of enterprise animation policies. Secondly, the particular focus upon Indigenous entrepreneurs affords some purchase on recent debates relating to the purpose and potential of enterprise policies aimed at those defined as socially and economically excluded [Blackburn, R., and M. Ram. 2006. Fix of fixation? The contributions and limitations of entrepreneurship and small firms to combating social exclusion. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 18, no. 1: 73–89]. The paper's findings show that life history analysis has an important role to play in developing our understanding of entrepreneurship as a process. Moreover, evaluations of enterprise policy should pay more attention to temporally extensive impacts on individuals over their life course, and not limit evaluative efforts to programme specific factors.     

浅谈企业内部控制问题

随着经济的发展,市场竞争日益激烈,企业内部控制贯穿于企业经济活动的全过程,为了在激烈的市场竞争中立于不败之地,使企业不断发展壮大,必须从企业内部入手,全面提升各环节管理质量,这时,内部控制管理制度的健全及有效性就尤其重要。本文从企业内部控制中常见的一些问题及局限进行分析,进一步提出如何提高企业整体管理水平的建议。     

论“老有所为”——兼论老年人的社会价值

伴随着中国老龄化程度的不断加深,社会养老方式问题日益凸显。文章基于老年人的社会价值的分析,认为"老有所为"是一种积极老龄化和健康老龄化的"养老"方式,并论述了为何要提倡"老有所为"和怎样实现"老有所为"的问题。