A technological revolution in data collection

The technological development of main frame and mini computers over the last decades has had an enormous impact on social science and market research. These computers allow the analysis of large amounts of data as well as analyses which could not have been done in the past by sorting machines and calculators. The development of micro computers and other electronic technologies will affect data collection in a similar way. It will create new possibilities and will considerably reduce the amount of costs, research time and the number of people involved in the research effort. The advantages of these new procedures are not only the reduction in costs but also the possible improvement of the data quality. There is a tendency towards developing procedures for data collection which are fully automatic so that interviewers are no longer necessary. Such procedures are already in use. This paper discusses several of them. A side effect of these developments is the large amounts of data which are collected. Mostly these data are longitudinally collected. The amount of data collected in this way can be so large that new archival systems are necessary to store this information and to make quick retrieval for clients possible. Market research organizations can now offer completely new services.     

论银行计算机、网络系统的集中维护管理模式

随着计算机应用技术的迅速发展,各商业银行对计算机应用的广度和深度也不断提高,同时对计算机的依赖程度也越来越强,如何提高计算机应用系统的安全稳定性、减少故障是提高银行业市场竞争力的一个重要手段。目前网络质量、操作系统和应用系统功能和稳定性日益增强,为银行各应用系统的集中管理创造了良好的条件。在实际应用过程中,任何系统如果离开良好的管理维护,其可靠性都难以得到保障。因此,只有获得计算机运行的高可靠性与科学的管理和维护,才可以有效实现整个计算机应用系统的稳定运行。     

CIM: Computer interviewing by mail

The use of micro computers in personal interviewing is not a new phenomenon. However, even with the rapidly growing number of people who have access to personal computers, self-administered computer interviewing in the social sciences is rarely implemented. In the following article the utility of Computer-Aided Survey Techniques (CASTs) is accessed through comparisons with Paper-Interview Survey Techniques (PISTs), and further, through comparisons between the different types of CASTs themselves. In addition, Computer Interviewing by Mail (CIM), one of the latest CASTs, is critically reviewed in a project of pirating software among Dutch computer users.Marc Jacobs can be reached by telefax +31-30 53 44 05.     

关于家庭计算机安全问题的原因与对策分析

文章主要对于当前家庭计算机网络安全状况进行了分析研究,并针对计算机用户主要使用的Windows操作系统的特点对计算机在连网时经常遇到的侵害进行了分析,并基于此提出了进行安全防护的应对策略。以期能够对于家庭计算机起到更有效的保护。     

Dynamic lot sizing techniques: Survey and comparison

Numerous heuristics have been proposed in the past two decades for the dynamic lot sizing problem, many of them in APICS journals. Their relative performance is explored in extensive numerical tests measuring expected costs, risks of higher than expected costs and computer time consumed. The results indicate that users of pertinent standard software systems could benefit substantially from an incorporation of more recently proposed methods, specifically Groff's (1979) stop rule and a fathoming algorithm expanding it to a look-ahead heuristic.     

基于ASP.NET的服装销售系统的设计与开发

本系统是典型的基于互联网的专卖店服装销售管理平台,运用ASP.NET作为开发平台,使用C#语言进行编写的,采用的是SQL Server2005数据库。系统以Web界面与用户交互,为用户提供权限控制,商品、专卖店、供应商的管理、商品库存管理、销售管理,还具备进货信息、库存信息、销售信息的实时统计与多条件查询功能。本系统在开发过程中重点是使用了session参数存储用户的登录信息、功能导航区的可配置技术、ADO.NET等关键技术。这些技术的实现,满足了系统的需要,优化了系统的性能。本系统采用了模块化设计方法,根据用户的需求及程序的应用与维护的易用性,将各个部分置于不同的模块当中,方便了程序的扩展与维护,同时建立了程序功能复用的基础。     

Optimizing the Information Outsourcing Practices of Primary Care Medical Organizations Using Entropy and TOPSIS

As clinics strive to select information technology contractors that meet their particular outsourcing needs, the medical sector urgently needs evaluation criteria for outsourcing to information technology contractors to alleviate unnecessary risks and achieve an excellent performance. Therefore, this work presents an entropy combined technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS)-based decision-making method for clinics to objectively assess the quality of an information technology supplier when outsourcing their medical information needs, as an alternative to previous decision-making approaches based on subjective evaluations. Each sub-criterion for outsourcing vendors is evaluated using the Delphi method. Moreover, results of interviews with experts are integrated with the entropy method to calculate each criterion of an objective evaluation weight for medical information system (MIS) vendors. Furthermore, a TOPSIS-based survey is designed using comparison to effectively respond to MIS outsourcing demand scores for each item. Furthermore, the proposed entropy and TOPSIS-based decision-making method can provide administrators in hospital clinics with a decision-making and evaluation criteria that actively encourage the medical sector to outsource its information technology needs to contractors.     

关于流动商贩的治理

流动商贩治理是城市社会管理的重要内容,对流动商贩的有效管理有利于促进城市社会管理的优化。传统城市社会管理体制下的流动商贩治理存在治理理念落后、治理主体单一、治理机制不健全、治理模式暴力因素明显、治理成本较高等问题。在新型城市社会管理模式下,要实现对流动商贩的有效治理,必须在治理理念、治理主体、治理手段、治理机制、治理模式等方面有所转变。     

一种考虑供应商转换成本的多期供应商选择模型

为解决供应链中多期多种产品的供应商选择问题,对现有的供应商选择模型进行了改进,综合考虑供应商供应能力、交货提前期等限制,以及供应商转换成本、交易成本和批量库存成本对供应商选择方案的影响,建立了混合整数规划模型,以确定每个时期每种产品的最优供应商选择方案及供应量,并通过实际算例验证了模型的有效性。     

基于工程化的网络实验室建设与实践

高职院校网络实验室的建设与实践是一个系统的网络工程,需要多方调研、论证、科学分析,合理规划其需求,而基于工程化的网络实验室建设和实施,是提供学生实现准企业环境的一个很好的教学环境和实习场所,毕业后的学生能很快满足企业对计算机网络技术知识的需求。     

Open process and open-source enterprise systems

Enterprise systems have become pervasive, especially at the high end of the market where SAP and Oracle service large organisations. There is a great deal of value in enterprise systems offered to all organisations, but many small and medium businesses (SMBs) cannot afford the excessive software costs of established ERP systems. There have been a number of alternative forms of enterprise systems developed, to include open-source software. Service-oriented architecture (SOA) allows vendors to efficiently adopt new processes within their products. Organisations (and open-source ERP systems) can use SOA in customising or improving their systems. Web 2.0 helps collaborative development of knowledge which can be invaluable in identifying better business processes. The Web 2.0 era makes innovative access to enterprise systems possible for many SMBs. This paper reviews the role of SOA and Web 2.0 in making ERP systems more open, and classifies open enterprise systems on the dimension of process. We propose that organisations should conduct knowledge development for business processes through Web 2.0 prior to implementing external to enterprise systems. Once better processes are developed, they can be implemented to improve enterprise systems.     

The co-production of chip and society: unpacking packaged knowledge

Computers epitomise the knowledge society and the new economy. Since “Integrated Circuits” (ICs) are at the heart of computers, they are a natural site to visit for anyone trying to understand the pulse of technology and organisations. This article reports on a study of “application-specific integrated circuits” (called ASICs). We show how designing an ASIC and organising the world of producers and users of such devices are intertwined processes, and that computer chips and society are thus co-produced.Taking as our point of departure the claim that objects are simply packaging for human knowledge and ingenuity, we analyse the role of artefacts in the knowledge society. By studying the ways in which ASICs are designed and manufactured we are able to identify and discuss certain ironies regarding the celebrated knowledge society, e.g. that IC users may be able to achieve ever higher aims, while knowing less and less about what makes them able to do so.     

The computer imperative

“The Computer Imperative” has been defined as the necessity for the administrator to specify his goals, objectives, criteria, standards, rules, etc., in very explicit and operational terms as he seeks to devise a better management system, especially if computers will be used to implement portions of the system. It is essential that educational leaders be able to tell system designers and computer technologists what they want, and to do this they must know at least the rudiments of what is technically possible. Otherwise, the administrator in some sense is at the mercy of the technologist. Studying an administrative system as essentially an information system provides a useful model. To define who originates, processes, uses, or needs information is to describe much of the actual operation of administration. In a manual system, many rules and procedures can be left undefined, and intuition and experience can substitute effectively for logical precision. As computers are programed to assume certain basic transactional functions, the administrator must bear in mind that computers do only what they are told. It is therefore critically important to be able to describe what we want. Much of the “threat” of automation can be attributed to uneasy or uncomfortable recognition of this “imperative”.     

蓝牙技术能在汽车通讯得到长足的应用

具有Bluetooth技术的手机、PDA、膝上型计算机、耳机和汽车等能够在旅途中实现免提通信,让用户身处热点或有线宽带连接范围之外仍能保持Internet网络连接,以及在PC和移动设备之间同步联系人和日历条目以访问重要信息。启用Bluetooth的膝上型计算机和其它便携计算设备能够通过启用Bluetooth的手机,使用GPRS、EDGE或UMTS移动网络无线地将PC和PDA连接到Internet,随时随地自由创建无限热点,让您即使在途中也能高效工作。     

An empirical model of mainframe computer investment

This paper introduces a dynamic model of investment decisions in mainframe computer systems. I estimate and test the model using detailed micro data from a company in the telecommunications industry. The model accounts for ‘technological depreciation’ which distinguishes computers from other investment goods where physical depreciation is typically a key factor underlying replacement investment decisions. The company increased its installed mainframe computer capacity by over 30‐fold over the 10‐year sample period. Part of this growth was undoubtedly due to the huge increase in performance and the corresponding drop in the per unit cost of processing capacity of mainframes, a consequence of ‘Moore's law’. However, there was also tremendous growth in the need for computers for billing, account processing and other tasks, due to the rapid growth in the telecommunications industry over this same time period. I estimate the unknown parameters of the investment model using a nonlinear least squares–nested fixed‐point algorithm (NLS‐NFXP), which solves the Bellman equation underlying the dynamic model of investment and replacement of mainframe computers by nonlinear least squares. I demonstrate that it is feasible to estimate this model on an ordinary PC, whereas standard discretization approaches to solving the firm's optimal investment policy might not even be feasible using supercomputers. I show that the estimated model fits the data very well, and accurately captures the large growth in installed mainframe capacity, the timing and magnitude of replacement investment, as well as periodic upgrades of existing mainframe units. I use the model to decompose how much of the 30‐fold increase in mainframe computer capacity is due to ‘Moore's law’ (i.e. the huge drop in the unit cost of installed mainframe capacity), and how much is due to the growth in demand for services of mainframes, due to the rapid growth in demand for telecommunications services (particularly cell phone accounts) by the firm's customers. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

计算机信息系统安全技术的研究及其应用

随着计算机的普及和发展,人们的生活和工作越来越依赖于计算机,与此同时计算机信息系统的安全问题也随之呈现出来。本文首先分析了计算机信息系统常用的安全技术:数据加密技术,防火墙技术,VPN技术,然后讨论了计算机信息系统安全技术能解决的实际问题。     

论信息系统审计准则在我国的需求与发展

信息系统审计是计算机审计的两个发展方向之一.我国信息系统审计准则的研究与规范尚处于起步阶段.在关涉内容、详略程度、审计实质和完善程度方面,我国的信息系统审计准则与国外存在较大差距,需要大幅完善,以满足社会需求.我国信息系统审计准则的发展策略主要有:合理借鉴国外成熟的准则体系,全面设计准则完善方案,科学建立准则内容框架.     

电信业务营销管理系统的设计与实现

近年来，企业管理相关信息日益增多，各方面信息相互关系错综复杂，这给企业决策者及管理者带来了挑战，同时也提供了机遇，而随着计算机技术的飞速发展。本文已经能够利用计算机来对复杂的信息进行分类、汇总、查询、预测，以此来支持企业决策，各种企业管理相关通用软件层出不穷，然而事实证明，通用软件解决不了所有企业的要求，因此仍然需要针对不同企业的需求进行定制开发。企业管理软件支持商务决策，它必须符合企业的业务逻辑要求，同时对安全性、时效性等要求也相当苛刻，因此，本文要深入了解企业内部业务逻辑，同时也要精通开发相关的各项技术。     

质量改进在车间生产中的应用

为满足市场需求和用户需要，企业借助各种资源扩大产出，使生产过程中产品质量问题的发生频率呈上升趋势。产品质量问题既严重阻碍生产进程，又导致成本增加，还容易引起用户的不满和对产品失去信心。文章通过在生产过程中融入全面质量管理的理念和方法，使产品质量得到有效保证和提高。