转型时期广州城市社会问题探析

在分析社会转型基本涵义的基础之上,以广州市为例,通过问卷调查指出:贫富分化、流动人口、就业压力、社会责任感下降、城乡文化整合等,是转型时期城市社会面临的主要问题,并对如何维持城市社会未来的健康发展提出了个人建议.     

绿色城市:城市发展与环境的动态关系

不久的将来,世界上大多数的人都将在商业化的城市中生活和工作。数十亿人的生活质量将取决于自由市场经济的发展与绿色城市的关系。有的城市在增长时环境会恶化,而有的城市却可以保护甚至提高环境的质量,这个问题得到了众多研究者来自不同角度的关注。论文在大量文献与数据的基础上探讨了城市发展与环境之间的动态关系,介绍了经典的环境库兹涅茨曲线假说,并从人口增长、城市空间蔓延以及外部性等方面对环境库兹涅茨曲线假说进行了补充与完善。     

城镇贫困:结构成因与文化发展

贫困成因分析主要有两个理论取向 :结构性和文化性。我国城镇贫困是在社会转型的基础上发展起来的结构性贫困。但是随着时间的推移 ,贫困者的境况若得不到改善 ,就可能向文化性贫困发展 ,影响的可能是几代人。反贫困政策应当立足长远 ,注重制定战略性的反贫困措施与方案 ,以防范“贫困文化”的产生。     

Consistency and its converse: an introduction

This essay is a didactic introduction to the literature on the “consistency principle” and its “converse”. An allocation rule is consistent if for each problem in its domain of definition and each alternative that it chooses for it, then for the “reduced problem” obtained by imagining the departure of an arbitrary subgroup of the agents with their “components of the alternative” and reassessing the options open to the remaining agents, it chooses the restriction of the alternative to that subgroup. Converse consistency pertains to the opposite operation. It allows us to deduce that a rule chooses an alternative for a problem from the knowledge that for each two-agent subgroup, it chooses its restriction to the subgroup for the associated reduced problem this subgroup faces. We present two lemmas that have played a critical role in helping understand the implications of these properties in a great variety of models, the Elevator Lemma and the Bracing Lemma. We describe several applications. Finally, we illustrate the versatility of consistency and of its converse by means of a sample of characterizations based on them.     

我国城市中的街头商贩:政策思辨与规划管理

街头商贩是我国城市规划与管理中不容回避的客观现象。如何应对街头商贩已引起公众的广泛探讨,但城市领域内的学术研究却有不足。以国内外多学科的文献梳理为基础,首先分析街头商贩的概念并总结其特征,简要回顾我国街头商贩发展历史,归纳街头商贩对城市的正面和负面影响;进而提出对于街头商贩既不应"一扫而净",也不能"放任不管",而是要进行弹性化、精细化、人性化的科学规划与管理;并针对不同空间分布类型的街头商贩提出相应的管理思路与规划对策。     

Duality principles and measuring the production technology: A heuristic introduction

There has been growing interest in the use of duality principles to estimate indirectly both the character of the production technology in various industries and the structure of preferences. Much of this material has to date, remained outside most intermediate micro-theory texts. The purpose of this paper is to provide a heuristic discussion of these relations as they are used in evaluating the micro-level production technology. The duality properties are illustrated using a neoclassical cost function and recent empirical examples for the issue of economies of scale in electric power production and the role of natural resources for production at the two-digit (SIC code) level of manufacturing.     

城市医疗资源的配置:非均衡与校正

改革开放以来,随着城市职工和居民社会医疗保障制度的建立,我国城市的医疗资源出现了不断的向大医院集中的倾向,导致了医疗资源分布的非均衡.这种状况持续下去不仅使"看病难、看病贵"的问题难以解决,而且也不利于城市初级卫生保健服务体系的构建.深化医疗卫生体制改革,并通过区域性的卫生规划的制定与实施,调整和优化城市医疗资源配置具有重要的意义.