四大措施保障3亿农民饮水安全

针对我国农村目前存在3亿农民饮用高氟水、高砷水和苦咸水等饮水不安全的现状,水利部副部长翟浩辉提出,国家将采取四大措施保障农村饮水安全、维护人的健康生命。首先,进一步摸清饮水安全现状,搞好饮水安全建设规划。水利部将组织编制《全国城乡饮水安全建设规划》,对农村地区,要摸清未达到饮水卫生标准的人口情况、饮用水质状况和地区分布,制定农村饮水安全工程建设实施方案;按照“先急后缓、先重后轻、     

保障农村饮水安全 做好农村饮水工程建设

为不断提高农村的饮水安全水平,需要积极展开农村饮水安全工程建设。本文针对当前存在的农村饮水安全管理制度不健全、饮水水源受到污染、饮水安全管理人员不足的问题,提出建立明确的农村饮水安全管理制度,强化施工组织;做好农村饮水安全前期工作,保证水质达标;进行专业的饮水安全岗位培训,加大宣传力度的应对措施。以期结合农村实际情况,做好农村饮水事业,推动我国的新农村建设。     

对农村饮水工程管理模式的创新探讨

随着国家对三农重视,农田水利设施投资建设力度加大。加快实施农村饮水工程,确保城乡居民饮水安全,对农村饮水工程管理进行市场化运作、企业化管理势在必行。本文基于自我工作实践,对现阶段农村饮水工程管理现状及其问题进行分析,以最大效益对如何创新农村饮水工程管理模式进行探讨。     

农村宅基地流转现状、问题与对策研究——基于梅州市的调查分析

对梅州市农村宅基地流转现状进行了问卷调查和个别访谈,分析了当前梅州市农村宅基地流转的主要特点和存在问题,并对农村宅基地流转制度改革提出了一些建议:加强村镇规划,引导集中建房;加快相关法律体系建设,做好普法工作;明晰产权,合理分配收益;完善宅基地登记发证制度;完善宅基地管理制度;完善农村社会保障体系。     

农村饮水工程的发展及技术措施

饮水安全关系到农民的身体健康,因此为了提高农民的生活质量,我国建设了很多农村饮水工程。这些工程在很大程度上解决了农民的饮水安全问题,但是仍然存在一些问题,阻碍了农村饮水工程的进一步发展。基于此,需要制定一些有效方法,以此来保障农民的饮水安全。     

动态

汪洋:确保农民喝干净水国务院副总理汪洋2015年1月14日至16日在四川考察农村饮水安全等工作。他强调,要认真贯彻落实党中央、国务院决策部署,把农村饮水安全作为最基本的民生问题切实抓好,进一步落实责任,创新机制,保质保量按时完成农村饮水安全目标任务,确保农民群众喝上干净的水。他强调,保障农村饮水安全关系亿万农民身体健康,是各级政府的重要职责。解决农村饮水安全问题,中央的资金是足额到位的,技术上也没有难题,各地要逐级落实责任,落实配套资金,     

水利部召开视频会议全力做好农村饮水安全保障工作

<正>2014年5月6日,水利部召开全国农村饮水安全工作视频会议,深入贯彻落实习近平总书记、李克强总理和汪洋副总理关于农村饮水安全工作的重要讲话和批示精神,进一步部署和推动农村饮水安全保障工作。水利部部长陈雷出席会议并讲话,他强调,要紧密团结在以习近平同志为总书记的党中央周围,深入贯彻落     

农村饮水安全工程建设与管理问题探讨

为了保证农村居民的正常饮水,提高饮水安全,必须要加强农村饮水安全工程的建设。只有加强饮水安全工程的有效管理,才能保证农村居民用水的安全性。分析了农村饮水安全工程建设及管理问题,介绍了加强农村饮水安全工程建设与管理工作的重要意义,以及在进行农村饮水安全工程建设与管理过程中存在的问题,提出了加强农村饮水安全工程建设和管理工作的有效举措。     

农村饮水安全工程的设计与施工

随着社会及经济的不断发展,农村饮水安全工程领域的施工标准和设计水平,都得到了大幅度的提升.通过对饮水安全工程的设计及施工工作进行保证,再根据人口分布、水源和工程的实际特点,从而对饮水安全工程的设计施工对策进行合理制定,这在很大程度上都可将农村饮水安全工程的质量进行大幅度提高.本文围绕农村饮水安全工程的设计与施工进行了分析,对提高工程质量的对策也进行了探讨.     

乡村振兴战略下农村饮水安全现状及思考——以重庆市万州区为例

解决农村饮水安全问题是脱贫攻坚工作和实施乡村振兴战略的重点内容之一,当前我国农村饮水仍然存在诸多问题亟须解决。以重庆市万州区49个镇乡(街道)为例,针对排查出的174个问题,从水供给、水处理、水保护等方面进行分析,提出适用于农村饮水安全的系列保障对策,为农村饮水安全保障工作提供参考。     

Price transmission between products at different stages of manufacturing in forest industries

The theory of demand and supply implies a positive relationship, or “price transmission” between the prices of products at different stages of manufacturing. This relationship was investigated with quarterly prices of softwood stumpage in the US South, and national prices of forest products, from 1977 to 2002. All prices, net of inflation, were found to be nonstationary and there was no evidence of co-integration between prices. Vector autogressive models, augmented by Granger causality tests and multiplier analysis showed that there was a one-to-one permanent positive response of the southern sawtimber stumpage price to a permanent change in the national lumber price. There was also a one-third permanent positive response of the national paper price to a permanent change in the national pulp price. There was no relation between regional pulpwood prices and national pulp or paper prices. When price transmission was significant, the full adjustment took about 2 years.     

Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands

Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.     

The Effect of the Structural Adjustment Program on the Output,Prices and Exports of Major Agricultural Export Crops in Nigeria

The primary objective of this paper is to examine changes in the level of output, prices and exports of major export crops resulting from the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) in Nigeria. THere two main sources of data: the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) through its annual reports, Economic and Financial Review, and the Nigerian Federal Office of Statistics (FOS) through its Trade Summaries. Although the SAP led to appreciable increases in output and producer prices, its effects on exports were insignificant. The implications of these for the implementation of the program are explored.     

土地学科的建设和发展——"土地学科发展规划研讨会"综述

中国土地科学学科发展已取得很大成就,表现为专业教育和人才培养成绩突出、初步形成学科体系、取得大批研究成果.而存在的问题主要是基础理论研究欠缺、独特的土地科学研究方法体系尚未形成、研究角度单一、学术交流质量不高和学科带头人的影响力不足.土地科学学科发展目前面临着巨大的机遇和挑战,应明确土地科学学科发展的基本思路、发展目标及2010-2020年的主要建设任务和保障措施.     

In Vino ‘No’ Veritas: impacts of fraud on wine imports in China

China is one of the largest wine importing countries in the world and is poised for continued import growth in the future. Increased wine purchases throughout China have given rise to persistent fraud where fake wines are packaged and sold with counterfeit contents and labels. For exporting countries like France, counterfeit wines displace market share, damage foreign brand reputation, and cause distrust in consumers who are aware of counterfeiting problems throughout the country. We examine the impact of fraudulent wine events (as measured by negative media reports) on Chinese wine demand differentiated by supplying country. We employ the Rotterdam demand system and a switching regression procedure to estimate import demand and compare results across different media variable specifications. Results consistently show that negative reports disproportionately affect French wine regardless of how the media variable is specified. This is not surprising because most fraudulent events involve French wine counterfeits.     

Evaluating Alternative Policy Responses to Higher World Food Prices: The Case of Increasing Rice Prices in Madagascar

Higher world food prices have led many developing countries to adopt policies to mitigate the impact on low-income households. This article sets out a partial equilibrium framework to evaluate the efficiency, distributional, and revenue implications of alternative policy responses. The model is applied to evaluate tariff reductions and targeted transfers in Madagascar. Although lowering tariffs generates substantial efficiency gains, these accrue mainly to the top half of the welfare distribution, and poor net sellers are actually worse off. Developing a system of targeted direct transfers to poor households is likely to be a substantially more cost-effective approach to poverty alleviation.     

An evaluation framework for earthquake-responsive land administration

In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.     

Transaction Cost Thresholds in International Rice Markets

Recent episodes of high and volatile prices for grains such as rice have raised concerns about their implications for hunger and poverty. We model price relationships between international rice prices and 221 domestic prices in 47 developing countries that import rice. We use a threshold vector error correction model that accounts for transaction costs of trade in spatial price transmission, and an improved regularised Bayesian threshold estimator for threshold models. Our results show that threshold values are higher after 2008 than before, which suggests that transaction costs in international rice trade have increased in recent years. Threshold values are highest for Latin American countries followed by African and Asian countries, and higher for retail than for wholesale prices. Since 2008, price transmission is slower in countries that responded to high and volatile prices with domestic market‐based interventions such as price controls and faster in countries that responded by lowering tariffs and by implementing production support measures.     

Agrarian Poverty,Nutrition and Economic Class – A Study of Gujarat,India

This paper analyses poverty and calorific undernourishment in the Indian state of Gujarat, where high and market‐led industrial growth has resulted in rapid economic improvement. The study is carried out through a combination of secondary and survey‐based data. We conclude that the neoliberal agenda of uncontrolled, outward‐looking growth has not resulted in significant reduction of poverty or malnourishment in rural areas. Furthermore, while land ownership is officially used as a proxy for wealth distribution, class position appears a better predictor of poverty status in the rural areas than landownership per se. At the policy level, there is a need to revive the agrarian economy and create new non‐agricultural assets, and the primary focus in the state must shift to the distribution of created assets rather than a single‐minded focus on growth.     

Revealing different understandings of soil held by scientists and farmers in the context of soil protection and management

This paper aims to analyse and draw together results from similar studies in England, Switzerland and France which investigated farmers’ understanding of soil and compared it with that of scientists, researchers and advisors (collectively called scientists in this analysis). A range of methods were used across the three studies and different theoretical approaches, looking at forms of knowledge, local practice of knowledge production and conceptions of reality, were employed to explain the results. Despite the different contexts, methodologies and theoretical approaches in the three studies, the results reveal similar patterns of difference in farmer and scientist understanding of soil. In the English study, farmers demonstrate a ‘know-how’ form or intuitive working knowledge of soil while advisors rely on scientifically established forms of ‘know-why’ and seek to understand and explain soil processes. Similarly in the Swiss study farmers’ and scientists’ differing perceptions are directed and shaped by their respective aims, methods and context of work. In the French study, farmers and researchers are shown to have different conceptions of soil, they attribute different meaning to the same activities, and use different words and language to describe the same features. In all three studies understanding is shown to be cultural and contextual, as such an integrative theoretical framework is proposed.