Paradigm development in Chinese management research: The role of research methodology

Kuhn’s paradigm framework asserts that scholarly fields differ in their level of development, and that such differences will be reflected in research norms and practices. In particular, early stage subfields are expected to have less consensus regarding theory and methods, negatively affecting both the consistency and sophistication of research designs. We examine Kuhn’s framework in the context of a rapidly advancing subfield: Chinese management research. This paper reports a content analysis of China-based studies against a matched set of management articles, focusing on methodology. In partial support of the paradigm framework, we find many differences in several important research design characteristics. Additionally, consistent with expectations, many of these differences decline over time. Based on these findings, we discuss the applicability of Kuhn’s framework to management research, and also identify normative guidelines for the design of future Chinese management studies.     

Analysing the stakes of stakeholders in research and development project management: a systems approach

Research and development (R&D) project management involves managing multiple stakeholders with conflicting stakes. This article proposes a systems approach to capture such conflicting stakes of multiple stakeholders in controversial R&D projects. The approach is illustrated using a New Zealand case study related to the use of 1080 chemical for pest management. Initially, the problem situation was structured systemically by analysing the behaviour of the main variables and by conducting a stakeholder analysis. Further, a participative systems model related to the problem situation was developed using a group model‐building process. The analysis of the model revealed a set of feedback loops operating in the system identified as constituting and responsible for the complexity of the problem situation relating to 1080 use. In conclusion, the paper highlights some strategies suggested by the stakeholders to manage conflict.     

Schumpeterian economics: some observations on the relevance of his theoretical contributions to the management of industrial research and development

This paper investigates the relevance of the theoretical writings of Schumpeter to the management of research and development (R&D) in small and large industrial firms. Schumpeter's emphasis in his early work on three main aspects of industrial R&D; namely the importance of entrepreneurship, industrial innovation and resultant creative destruction, were major new insights that rejected the long‐standing view that equilibrium was the best state for any industrial economy. This paper, with the aid of relevant literature from both Schumpeter and others, seeks to relate his theoretical approach (that changed over time to favour large firm R&D) to the implication for industrial R&D, and in particular, the relationship between R&D in small and large firms. The paper concludes that if Schumpeter had lived to see the current industrial landscape, he might have returned to his early belief that entrepreneurial new small firms remain key harbingers of technological progress.     

Toward a better comprehension of Lean metrics for research and product development management

This paper presents a compilation and empirical survey‐based evaluation of the metrics most commonly used by program managers during product development management. This work is part of a bigger project of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Project Management Institute (PMI) and International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE). Three methodological procedures were applied: systematic literature review, focus‐group discussions, and survey. The survey results indicate the metrics considered to be the most and least useful for managing lean engineering programs, and reveals a shift of interest towards qualitative metrics, especially the ones that address the achievement of stakeholder values, and the absence of useful metrics regarding the lean principles People and Pull.     

国外技术标准与科技研发协调发展的机制研究

1国外技术标准与科技研发及成果概述1·1技术标准类型国外技术标准类型主要包括国际标准、洲际或区域标准、国家标准、政府各部门标准、专业标准(或行业标准)以及公司标准。随着全球经济一体化的发展,标准化已成为一个重要的国际性问题,各种国际性的标准体系激增。国外工业发达     

技术标准与科技研发协调发展战略研究(一)--国内技术标准与科技研发协调发展现状与问题分析

由中国水利水电科学研究院承担主持的《技术标准与科技研发协调发展战略研究》子课题，历经一年多的研究，目前已基本结束。该课题是科技部“十五”重大科技专项“重要技术标准研究”中的《中国技术标准发展战略研究》课题的子课题，总课题由中国标准化研究院主持。此专栏将汇集子课题研究报告的主要内容，以飨读者，以期能对我国水利技术标准与水利科技研发的相互协调发展工作有所促进，为实现水利现代化的目标提供保证。本期刊登的是子课题研究报告之(一)与之(二)。下期将继续刊登。     

煤矿预警式安全管理研究

世界上任何事物都有其规律性,煤矿安全管理也有其内在的独特规律性。掌握安全管理中的内在规律,搞好预警式管理,是实现安全生产的根本和关键所在。一、总结个体的行为规律每位职工都是安全上的个体,通常职工的安全思想和行为均处在不断运动和变化状态之中,可具体归纳为“十种不安全心理”和“十五种不安全行为的人”。1.十种不安全心理。一是认为偶     

调血脂药物的作用和研究进展

结合调血脂药物化学结构特点与主要功能,对胆酸螯合剂、HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂、烟酸及其衍生物、纤维酸、胆固醇酰基转移酶抑制剂和降脂中药等6类调血脂药物的作用特点及研究进展进行了概述。     

A current research information system for the management of agricultural research

Abstract
A generalized current research information and costing system for management of an agricultural research programme is described by reference to the Agricultural Research Current Information System (ARCIS) of the Agricultural and Food Research Council of the United Kingdom.     

Design principles for the development of measurement systems for research and development processes

Based on a comprehensive literature review and the activities of numerous case study companies, it is argued in this paper that performance measurement in R&D is a fundamental aspect to quality in R&D and to overall business performance. However, it is apparent from the case companies that many companies still struggle with the issue of R&D performance measurement. Excuses for not measuring are easily found, but there are also empirical examples and literature available with suggestions how it can be done. In this article this literature is reviewed and placed within the context of general performance control and contingency theory. Furthermore, the main measurement system design parameters are discussed and some basic system requirements are described as well as several design principles that can be useful for those who accept the challenge of establishing a meaningful measurement system.     

美国创新药物研究与开发对我国的启示

本文从美国医药科技创新技术体系、法规体系和投融资体系等不同侧面,分析了美国创新药物的研发模式和成功经验,并提出了如何建设我国医药创新体系和提升我国医药科技自主创新能力的观点和建议,力求对提高我国新药创制能力有所裨益。     

A research management course

This paper describes the origin and subsequent development of the Department of the Environment Research Management Course and its broadening to include participants from other Government research laboratories in the U. K. The method of evaluation and possible future developments are briefly considered.     

The management of cross-disciplinary research

This paper is based on a critical review of the proceedings of the Second International Conference on Interdisciplinary Research held in 1981 in Manchester, England. Two sets of issues important for the management of collaborative research are identified. One is the need to remove ambiguities from the meanings of commonly used terminology, for which more precise definitions are proposed. Cross-disciplinary is used to describe only the nature of the task; multi- and inter-disciplinary are seen as describing alternative organizational ways of executing it. Which way should be used depends objectively on the circumstances.
The other set of issues is concerned with the effect institutional setting could have on the possibility of carrying out effective cross-disciplinary activity. Six different settings are identified and broad concepts of group dynamics are used to identify theoretical and practical problems and their possible solutions. The paper concludes with a survey of the practical implications for those managing cross-disciplinary research.     

The internal audit of research and development

Most activities might benefit from an independent review; but very little attention has been given to the review of research and development (R & D). The evolving scope of internal audit together with trends in R & D provide a more favourable climate for the internal audit of this industry of discovery (Walley, 1974, p. 191). This paper presents the results of a survey which was questionnaire based and completed by internal auditors, most of whom worked for industrial multinationals which are household names. They represented companies employing 0–61 m staff with a turnover of |SL12b p.a.; 75|X% of the respondent organizations were industrial concerns employing 0.56m with a turnover of |SL10.7b p.a., most of the remaining respondents being financial organizations. Forty-two per cent were under overseas control. By focusing on the practice and intentions of leading organizations with a record of progressive management, the results of the survey point a way which is likely to be followed more generally. As the internal audit departments were also large (29 auditors in each; 35 for the industrial departments) they were better placed to extend the scope of their work.     

University research and development of a microsatellite

Developing a microsatellite at a university is an effective means of training engineering students for an R&D career. Such a programme requires the adoption of many research and development processes from industry. This paper describes how tailored forms of systems engineering, project management and technology management were applied to develop a high technology product at a tertiary educational institution. This microsatellite development programme has produced students who are well prepared for the realities of engineering practice, and a research and development facility that earns research funding for the university.     

绿色供应链管理--我国纺织企业可持续发展的新思考

随着环境问题的广受关注和工业生态化过程的不断推进，绿色供应链管理日益成为供应链管理的新趋势，它为全球企业实现经济效益和社会效益的协调发展提供了一个有效的管理模式。本文首先对绿色供应链的概念和特点进行了探讨。然后论证了其对我国纺织业的意义，进而对绿色供应链的一个核心内容——生态型供应商管理进行了介绍，旨在为我国纺织企业实施绿色供应链管理和推进我国纺织工业的可持续发展提供有益参考。