国际反倾销规则中的贸易保护主义倾向及对我国的影响

差价销售本是一种正常的商业策略,但国际反倾销规则中将所有的低价销售行为不区分性质地定义为"倾销"。反倾销规则在替代国价格制度、结构价格制度、累积评估制度、倾销与损害因果关系确定方面存在明显的贸易保护主义倾向。这种制度的代价是损害了反倾销国家的整体利益。     

欧盟反倾销公共利益调查研究

倾销,是指一国（地区）的生产商或出口商以低于其国内市场价格或低于成本价格将其商品抛售到另一国（地区）市场的行为。反倾销是指对外国商品在本国市场上的倾销所采取的抵制措施。根据世贸组织相关规则,如果倾销产品对进口国国内产业造成损害,进口国可以对进口产品实施反倾销措施。     

浅议我国对外进行反倾销的意义

WTO将倾销定义为：一国的产品以低于“正常价值”的价格出口到另一国,并对进口国相关工业造成了实质性损害或产生实质性损害威胁。裁定倾销成立的条件：一是产品以低于国内价格或向第三国出口的价格向进口国进行销售;二是销售的数量猛增;三是销售的产品对进口国造成实质性损害,且这种危害与反倾销之间存在因果关系。     

贸易救济措施基本概念及中国贸易救济法律制度

一、贸易救济措施基本概念1、贸易救济简单的说,就是贸易补救的意思。2、倾销与反倾销倾销是指出口商以低于正常价值的价格向进口国销售产品,并因此给进口国产业造成损害的行为。     

欧盟反倾销“结构价格方法”的运用及启示

一、WTO反倾销价格可比性规则(一)适用于市场经济体的反倾销价格可比性规则WTO《反倾销协议》第2条以"倾销的确定"为题对适用于市场经济体的反倾销价格可比性规则作了规定。概括而言,该规则要求WTO成员方反倾销调查机关将出口产品的出口价格与其正常价值进行比较,如果前者低于后者,则可认定倾销存在。     

确认倾销与价格的关系

文章对倾销与价格的关系进行了分析 ,指出倾销是指国际贸易中的低价销售 ,国内贸易的低价销售不是反倾销法律规范的对象。     

西方国家对华反倾销主要原因及对策思考

一般说,构成反倾销必须具备三个条件：一是产品以低于国内的价格或低于向第三国出口的价格销售给进口国;二是销售的数量猛增;三中销售的产品对进口国造成实质性的危害或威胁,且这种损害与倾销之间存在因果关系。但是西方一些国家所确定的倾销,并不完全具备这些条件,甚至有些时候根本不具备任何倾销条件。如中国生产和出口到欧洲的棉坯布价格从1992－1996年一直在上升,占欧洲市场份额1995、1996、1997年基本持平。在这种情况下还确定为倾销,其意图就是发达国家的纺织业在中低档产品上已经失去了与发展中国家的竞争力,他们为了保护这些不景气的企业、减少失业人数,便提起反倾销诉讼,而一旦诉讼发生,则最终确定为倾销存在的可能性就相当大。     

中国融入全球经济

如果一个国家能够证明某个公司以低于其“正常价值”向国外出售产品,并且倾销性进口导致了对本国工业的“实质损害”或存在实质损害的威胁,该国可以对进口征收反倾销税。世界贸易组织规则将“正常价值”定义为商品在本国或第三国销售的价格。和保障措施一样,实行制裁的国家必须证明对本国产业产生的实质损害或实质损害的威胁是由进口倾销而不是其他原因造成的。 根据美国贸易法的条款,多年来在反倾销问题上中国一直被作为非市场经济国家对待的。这就是说,美国商务部在决定一种中国进口商品是     

论企业事实作账和倾销会计信息平台及会计举证的基本方法

1 企业按照市场经济条件下的事实作账,建立反倾销会计信息平台 倾销的认定有两种标准，即价格倾销和成本倾销。按照价格倾销标准，如果一个产品的出口价格低于出口国国内市场价格或向第三国的销售价格，该产品即为倾销产品。而根据成本倾销标准，同类产品以低于单位（固定和可变）生产成本加管理、销售和一般费用的价格在出口国国内市场的销售或对一第三国的销售，     

印度反倾销法关于倾销确定的分析

反倾销法律制度中,采取反倾销措施的首要条件就是倾销存在,判定倾销存在要涉及出口产品的正常价值、出口价格和倾销幅度。印度如今在国际贸易中频频采取反倾销措施,目前是对中国发起反倾销调查最多的国家。在此背景下,研究印度反倾销法中关于倾销确定的问题具有重要的现实意义。     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。     

生物群落结构原型的仿生学模拟

模拟生命系统管理规律的科学即管理仿生学,是知识时代仿生学研究的新领域与前沿.基于模拟生物群落结构规律的研究目的,采用仿生学模拟的研究方法,以生物群落结构为原型,建立了仿生群落结构模型.结论为:垂直结构、水平结构、时间结构与交错区结构是支持生物群落生命活动的结构规律,以该规律为原型,推理建立了仿生分层结构、仿生优化结构、仿生动态结构与仿生相邻结构,四种仿生结构分别侧重于管理资源的分层管理、局部优化管理、动态过程管理、相邻关系管理,该模型为建立类似生物群落的人造管理系统即仿生群落管理系统提供了仿生结构模型.可以预测,该模型具有广泛的应用价值,能够推动管理仿生学的发展.