我国国际收支状况与人民币国际循环机制北大核心SSCI

次贷危机爆发以来,人民币国际化的步伐显著加快。一国货币要实现国际化,必须建立一个顺畅、平衡的国际循环机制,即本国货币具体怎么走出去和流回来,并且促使境外本国货币存量达到一定规模,最终实现体外的自我循环。考虑到未来一定时期内,经常项目顺差、资本和金融项目逆差将成为我国国际收支新的常态,本文认为未来推进人民币国际循环的着力点应放在跨境人民币投融资上,通过资本和金融项目下的货币输出和回流来丰富人民币国际循环。     

人民币国际化的路径依赖和模式安排

人民币国际化已进入初级阶段,并呈现钞结算和银行渠道结算并举、经常账户和资本账户同步推进、人民币国际化与人民币可兑换同步推进、市场推动和制度安排相结合四大特点,有别于全球主要货币国际化路径.从自身特点出发,在人民币境外需求和自由兑换方面局限性双重因素作用下,推进人民币国际化在下一阶段应采取"强制度"模式.当前,应将推行人民币国际贸易计价结算作为人民币国际化切入点,完善制度设计和安排,真正实现人民币国际化阶段性突破.     

协调推进人民币离岸与在岸市场发展

人民币离岸市场成长壮大是适应境外人民币资产管理需要的内生结果,也是在为人民币国际化和人民币资本项目可兑换积聚条件、积累经验人民币离岸金融市场实现了跨越式发展一是市场体系日益健全。以人民币标价的金融产品现已涉及货币市场、债券市场、股票市场、外汇市场、衍生品市场、基金市场和保险市场。产品类型涵盖了客户存款、存款证、债券、商业票     

境内机构境外发行人民币债券政策研究

允许境内机构境外发行人民币债券,是顺应我国资本市场逐步开放、国际金融市场一体化趋势,助力人民币国际化新发展,利用海内外两个市场、两种资源,满足市场低成本资金需求,改善境内企业负债结构,支持企业“走出去”的有效途径,也是利用国际外资的重要渠道之一。2015年9月4日,国家发改委发布了《关于推进企业发行外债备案登记制管理改革的通知》（发改外资[2015]2044号,以下简称“境外发债新规”）,松绑了我国境内机构境外发行人民币债券的审核程序,便利了境内机构境外发行人民币债券手续,进一步推进境内机构赴境外发行人民币债券。     

人民币国际化：建立均衡的回流机制

在人民币国际化的进程中,境外人民币的回流是其中非常重要的一个环节,且具有扎实的市场和政府支撑。当前经常项目下人民币回流机制与资本项目下人民币回流机制均出现非均衡的特征,对人民币国际化的纵深推进产生了掣肘,因此需要构建均衡的回流机制以进一步推进人民币国际化。     

人民币国际化背景下中资商业银行境外筹资研究北大核心SSCI

随着人民币国际化的推进,离岸人民币存款证和债券凭借低成本的优势成为中资银行境外融资的新宠,并逐步发展成离岸人民币市场上的重要产品。本文分析了中资商业银行境外人民币筹资市场的发展特点,以及影响筹资工具发行的重要因素,研究了当前境外人民币筹资业务面临的问题和机遇,对中资商业银行在国际化战略背景下如何推动离岸人民币筹资业务发展提出了建议。     

逆全球化抑制了人民币国际化吗?

本文通过构建人民币国际化指数以及利用苏黎世理工学院经济研究所(KOF)发布的全球化指数,从经常项目和资本项目两个路径实证研究了逆全球化趋势对人民币国际化的时变性影响。研究结果表明,逆全球化趋势主要通过影响经济基本面因素进而抑制人民币国际化,且近年来的态势愈发严峻。进一步研究发现,在经常项目下,逆全球化可通过影响中国的贸易进出口和贸易结构对人民币国际化产生影响;在资本项目下,国际直接投资、证券投资和金融衍生品投资均是逆全球化影响人民币国际化的有效途径。其中,逆全球化对人民币国际化的抑制作用在早期主要通过经常项目渠道传导,而近年来逐渐向资本项目渠道延伸。此外,制度水平的提高能有效抵御逆全球化对于人民币国际化的负面冲击。     

人民币国际化：建立均衡的回流机制

在人民币国际化的进程中,境外人民币的回流是其中非常重要的一个环节,具有扎实的市场和政府支撑,当前经常项目下人民币回流机制与资本项目下人民币回流机制均出现非均衡的特征,对人民币国际化的纵深推进产生了掣肘,因此需要构建均衡的回流机制以进一步推进人民币国际化。     

人民币国际化:建立均衡的回流机制

在人民币国际化的进程中,境外人民币的回流是其中非常重要的一个环节,具有扎实的市场和政府支撑,当前经常项目下人民币回流机制与资本项目下人民币回流机制均出现非均衡的特征,对人民币国际化的纵深推进产生了掣肘,因此需要构建均衡的回流机制以进一步推进人民币国际化。     

论人民币可兑换与国际化

本文论述人民币实现资本项目可兑换的必要条件;对实现可兑换的时间、指导原则、具体步骤进行分析论证;对人民币可兑换与国际化的关系进行了分析;对西方货币国际化的历史经验教训进行阐述;论证人民币国际化的战略,指出人民币区域化是国际化的初级阶段,分析区域化的现状与进程以及国际化的利弊与路径;最后,提出了当前促进资本项目可兑换与人民币国际化的思考与措施。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.