河南省城镇居民消费需求分析

文章利用2005年河南省城市调查队城镇居民生活抽样调查资料,建立了河南省城镇居民扩展线性支出系统(ELES)需求函数模型。通过模型分析了河南省城镇居民对各类商品的基本需求和边际消费倾向,研究了收入的变动对需求的影响,及消费需求结构的变动趋势。     

新世纪福建农村贫困的界定

贫困界定事关扶贫大局,对贫困人口数量、分布以及扶贫规划的制定与实施均可产生重大影响。因此,有必要根据现阶段农村扶贫工作的需要和物价、食品结构等客观实际情况的变化,研究、测算、确定福建新世纪,特别是2000年基期的农村贫困标准。 一、贫困界定原则 1、以原有农村贫困标准为基础。原有农村贫困标准是根据低收入人口的基本生活需求计算的,它包括两部分:一部分是满足最低营养标准的基本食品需求,即食物贫困线;另一部分是最低限度的衣着、住房、交通、医疗及其他社会服务的非食品消费需     

我国城镇居民信息消费需求研究

本文通过国家统计局的相关数据分析了我国城镇居民消费的基本现状后,并采用扩展线性支出系统,即ELES,通过Eviews统计软件对2009年至2014年的信息消费的各项进行分析,得出信息消费各项的需求收入弹性、基本需求以及边际消费倾向.最终得出结论,居民信息消费与人均可支配收入之间存在着稳定的函数关系;交通通讯与文教娱乐将是我国城镇居民的消费热点等,并在此基础上提出政策建议.     

基于ELES模型的洛阳市城市住户消费结构分析

利用2010年《洛阳统计年鉴》所提供的截面数据资料，使用ELES模型，对洛阳市城市住户进行的量化分析，得出的结论：贫富差距较大，存在需要关注的城市贫困群体，交通通讯项目和居住项目是今后消费的热点，应当给与重视。     

广东省城镇居民消费支出结构变迁之实证分析

文章运用扩展的线性支出系统模型(ELES),对我国广东省城镇居民的消费结构、基本消费需求、边际消费倾向以及需求收入弹性等进行实证分析,并根据模型结果做出调整的进一步的政策建议。     

基于国际比较的中国消费视角贫困标准构建研究

我国农村贫困标准是基于收入视角的绝对贫困标准,世界银行制定的贫困标准属于消费视角的绝对贫困标准,经济合作与发展组织制定的贫困标准属于收入视角的相对贫困标准。基于CHNS数据进行的实证分析表明,基于不同视角贫困标准测度的我国农村贫困程度差异很大,对不同视角贫困标准进行简单数量关系转换和基于边际消费倾向推算后的对比并不严谨,用农村居民人均纯收入作为我国农村贫困标准的标识指标也存在缺陷。基于消费视角构建贫困标准和扶贫标准存在诸多优势和可行性,可分阶段推进该项工作。     

基于ELES模型的安徽城镇居民消费结构研究

文章利用安徽省城镇居民2007年消费收入和支出数据,建立扩展线性支出系统模型（ELES）,从边际消费倾向、弹性、基本消费支出结构等方面进行消费结构的深入分析,得出了相关结论,并提出促进城镇居民消费结构优化的相关建议。     

我国城镇居民边际消费倾向的实证研究

笔者对扩展线性支出系统(ELES)模型作了改进,用改进的ELES模型和面板数据估计出我国城镇居民2002年～2005年对各类消费品的基本需求,分别计算出各年各收入组对各种消费品和全部消费品的边际消费倾向,各年平均、各收入组平均的边际消费倾向,对各类边际消费倾向进行了简要分析.     

基于ELES模型的河南省城镇居民消费结构研究

本研究通过ELES模型,分析了河南省城镇居民消费相关数据,并对城镇居民消费结构进行边际消费倾向、基本需求及收入弹性等系统分析,揭示市场经济加强了人们的时间观念和信息观念,在收入增加的前提下,河南省城镇居民消费 需求将呈现的消费趋势及消费新热点.     

对北京市居民食品消费倾向的实证研究

扩展线性支出系统(ELES模型)是目前研究居民消费的较为理想的工具.运用面板数据对北京市居民的食品消费状况进行ELES分析,结果显示随着居民收入的提高,食品的边际消费倾向显著下降,从而印证了恩格尔定律的假说,说明居民的消费结构正在实现从满足基本生活需要向提高生活质量的转型.同时,对需求收入弹性的分析表明,居民的食品消费已趋于稳定,对食品数量的追求已逐渐被质量追求所替代.     

Testing Prediction Performance of Poverty Models: Empirical Evidence from Uganda

This paper examines the performance of a method of predicting poverty rates. Because most developing countries cannot justify the expense of frequent household budget surveys, additional low‐cost methods have been developed and used. The prediction method is based on a model linking the proportion of poor households to suitable explanatory variables (consumption proxies). These consumption proxies are variables that can be collected at much lower cost through smaller annual surveys. Several applications have shown that such models can produce poverty estimates with confidence intervals of a similar magnitude to the poverty estimates from the household budget surveys. There is, however, limited evidence of how well the methods perform out‐of‐sample. A series of seven household budget surveys conducted in Uganda in the period 1993–2005 allows us to test the prediction performance of the model. We test the poverty models by using data from one survey to predict the proportion of poor households in other surveys, and vice versa. The results are encouraging, as all models predict similar poverty trends. Although in most cases the predictions are precise, sometimes they differ significantly from the poverty level estimated from the survey directly.     

How to Compare Apples And Oranges: Poverty Measurement Based on Different Definitions of Consumption

Poverty rates calculated on the basis of household consumption expenditures are routinely compared across countries and time. The surveys which underlie these comparisons typically differ in the types of food and non-food expenditures included, often in ways which are easily overlooked by analysts. With several examples we demonstrate that these commonly occurring variations in expenditure definitions can give rise to marked differences in poverty rates where there are no real differences in well-being. We show that one approach to calculating poverty lines, used with the headcount measure of poverty, can allow comparisons based on data with different definitions of consumption. In addition to allowing comparative poverty analysis using existing survey data, the results suggest that poverty monitoring could be done effectively at lower cost by alternating detailed expenditure surveys with far more abbreviated surveys.     

Price Changes and Some Underlying Aspects of Measurement of Poverty

The paper deals with effects of price changes on measurement of poverty. It is shown that there are situations, when prices and nominal incomes change, a higher nutritional intake or an increase in commodity consumption of the poor can be associated with higher poverty gaps and a higher poverty index of the society. A positive relationship of this kind is quite counter-intuitive in the context of poverty measurement. This is caused by the adjustment of the poverty line and/or incomes of one situation by the prices of the other for the purpose of comparison.

     

Decomposing Vulnerability to Poverty

This paper applies the decomposition of the Foster–Greer–Thorbecke poverty index to the measurement of individual vulnerability to poverty. I highlight that poverty risk can be expressed as a function of expected incidence, expected intensity, and expected variability below the poverty line, three essential aspects for improving the design of appropriate risk‐management policies. An empirical illustration is provided using the British Household Panel Survey and the Italian Survey on Household Income and Wealth.     

中国城镇贫困的变化趋势和模式:1988—2002

本文利用中国家庭收入项目(CHIP)调查数据,估计了1988—2002年中国城镇绝对贫困的变化趋势。根据CHIP调查数据所绘制的贫困发生曲线表明,不论把绝对贫困线确定在哪里,在该时期内中国城镇贫困都在显著减少。1988—1995年,收入分配不平等加剧,但此后基本保持稳定。分析收入和贫困决定因素的多元回归模型显示,教育、性别和中共党员等特征扩大了收入差异。来自政府反贫困措施的生活困难救助对减少城镇贫困影响很小。城镇贫困的缓解几乎完全归因于经济增长而非收入再分配。     

Poverty and the Atkinson BI/FRT model: A note

By endogenizing an income-oriented poverty line in Atkinson’s (1995) model, welfare maximizing conditions for a basic income/flat rate tax scheme in economies with income poverty are derived and briefly discussed. (JEL: I38)     

Poverty Reducing Reforms and Subgroup Consumption Dominance Curves

One vexed question of anti-poverty strategies is that of setting a reasonable poverty line. To escape its specification, recent developments by Yitzhaki and Slemrod (1991 ) have introduced the correspondence between non-intersecting concentration curves and poverty reducing directions of reforms. Makdissi and Wodon (2002 ) have derived consumption dominance curves for any order of restricted stochastic dominance. In this paper, consumption dominance curves are extended to subgroups of population. Empirical evidence of the approach will be shown using the 1997 data from Belarus, considering public subsidies on rents and utilities, health care and public transport in six groups of population.     

A Consistent Poverty Approach to Assessing the Sensitivity of Income Poverty Measures and Trends

This paper examines the sensitivity of estimates of income poverty rates and trends to variations in the poverty line and to whether or not certain households are included or excluded from the sample used to estimate poverty. The approach draws on the concept of consistent poverty, which has been used to identify those with incomes below the poverty line who also experience deprivation. Our approach involves excluding households with incomes below the poverty line if they report zero or negative income or are self‐employed, have expenditure well in excess of their income, have substantial wealth holdings, or if they do not report having experienced financial stress over the past year. The combined impact of all four exclusions is to reduce the half‐median income poverty rate from 9.9 per cent to 5.4 per cent, but also suggests that poverty increased by more over the decade to 2003–04 than the original estimates indicate.