中庸之道之我见

中庸之道,由孔子提出的中庸之德发展而来.历代经学家乃至当代有关学者都曾就中庸的诠释问题阐述过自己独到的认识.本文即就这些研究成果予以综合分析,并由此而进一步探讨中庸之道的内蕴和实质,探讨怎样才能实现中庸之道,以及实现中庸之道对构建和谐社会会起到什么样的作用问题.     

论商业秘密保护中的不可避免披露原则

劳动(雇佣)关系中商业秘密的竞业禁止保护与劳动者(雇员)的自由择业权、平等就业权以及贸易自由等社会公共政策有着内在冲突,因而成为立法的难点与重点。传统的反不正当竞争法以及侵权法保护方式具有举证困难、事后救济的无效性等局限,而从美国司法判例中产生的不可避免披露原则有力地克服了这些缺点,为美国司法实践所普遍采纳,但法律也对其适用进行了严格的限制。针对我国商业秘密立法现状以及缺陷,这一原则对我国立法有重要借鉴意义。     

论国际贸易领域新的价值取向——人文贸易主义

进入21世纪后,随着世界经济形式的变化和发展,一种新的价值取向正在国际贸易领域内悄然形成,即人文贸易主义。虽然人文贸易主义难免会被一些国家作为贸易保护工具来使用,但总体上讲它反映了人类社会和国际贸易发展的大趋势。本文通过阐述人文贸易主义的特征及其对国际贸易的影响,提出了我国在这一价值取向下应采取的策略。     

对比较优势理论的进一步思考

西方传统的比较优势理论，有其合理的科学内核。但李嘉图只考虑了劳动和平率对比较优势的影响，百奥林则只考虑了要素价格（要素禀赋状况）对比较优势的影响，这就使得他们的理论存在一定的缺陷。实际上，比较优势的产生是劳动生产率的相对差别与要素价格的相对差别两者共同作用的结果。本文提出了“完全比较优势”这一概念，试图进上步完善传统的比较优势理论。     

从企业管理的角度读《中庸》

<正>《中庸》是儒家一篇极为重要的哲学著作。在《中庸章句》的开篇,朱熹就提到《中庸》"乃孔门传授心法","善读者玩索而有得焉,则终身用之,有不能尽者矣",可见,《中庸》在儒家的地位可以说是至高无上的,也是儒家弟子登堂入室的必修课程。可以说,儒家的思想从某种意义就是一个以人为中心的人学思想,而这又和现代管理中以人为本的管理思想有一定程度上的不谋而合,但这并不是说古代的这种思想对现代的企业管理就是包治百病的宝药仙丹,如果照搬古代的管理模式或沿袭这种思想,则会陷入了一个极端。封建社会以农为本,以商为末的时代,     

开证行与跟单信用证相符原则——兼论开证行的合理审单

相符原则是跟单信用证的基本原则之一,从一定程度上规范了信用证中各方当事人的权利和义务。但在长期国际贸易的具体实践中,信用证的各方当事人对该原则在认识上却有不同的看法和分歧,均以各自的角度来理解该原则。本文正是以开证行为出发点,提出了开证行对相符原则的认识,并给开证行在审单上的各种做法提出了解决方法。     

The Doctrine of the Mean: Workplace Relationships and Turnover Intention

The present study examines the curvilinear relationships between LMX/TMX and team members' turnover intention simultaneously. That is, members with high LMX, TMX, or both are more likely to have turnover intention. Hypotheses were tested with a sample of 452 nurses, and we adopted the response surface methodology and polynomial regression to test our theoretical model. The hierarchical regression analysis showed that TMX has a U‐shaped relationship with turnover intention but not with LMX. In addition, the results indicate that both the congruence and incongruence of LMX and TMX result in higher turnover intention, but moderate levels of LMX and TMX have the lowest turnover intention. Strengths, limitations, practical implications, and directions for future research are discussed. Copyright © 2018 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

试论产品责任的归责原则

产品责任归责原则是确定生产者和销售者民事责任的依据和标准.我国现行有关产品责任的法律根据生产者和销售者的不同地位,分别实行严格责任和过错责任、过错推定责任原则,以及两者之间的替代责任原则.根据实践中产品责任侵权现象出现的新情况,为顺应时代潮流,在我国产品责任相关立法中,应把严格责任明确规定为产品责任的归责原则,并进一步加以完善.     

Deadly Drugs and the Doctrine of Double Effect: A Reply to Tully

In a recent contribution to this journal, Patrick Tully criticizes my view that the doctrine of double effect does not prohibit a pharmaceutical company from selling a drug that has potentially fatal side-effects and that does not treat a life-threatening condition. Tully alleges my account is too permissive and makes the doctrine irrelevant to decisions about selling harmful products. In the following paper, I respond to Tully’s objections and show that he misinterprets my position and misstates some elements of the doctrine of double effect. I also show how the doctrine constrains some decisions about marketing drugs with potentially fatal side-effects.     

The Doctrine of Double Effect and the Question of Constraints on Business Decisions

How does the doctrine of double effect apply to business decisions to sell products which may be harmful to consumers? Lawrence Masek believes that some authors have misapplied the doctrine to this type of decision and, as a consequence, have committed themselves to placing unwarranted constraints on businesses. Seeking to correct this mistake, Masek presents his account of how the doctrine applies here, an account which is rather permissive but which, he claims, nevertheless preserves the virtues of the doctrine. It will be seen, though, that his attempt to loosen these putatively unnecessary constraints by appealing to consumer autonomy and an intuition about the morality of producing harmful products leaves the doctrine of double effect irrelevant to this type of decision. His argument that the doctrine is less restrictive in this context than others suppose leads ultimately to the conclusion that the doctrine does not constrain this kind of business decision at all.     

浙商创牌思维与品牌管理之道

本文全面总结了浙商“从无到有，从贴到创”的创牌之路，并剖析了浙商在创区域品牌、国内优秀品牌和国际品牌过程中所展现出来的独特创牌思维与品牌管理之道。     

The Employment At-Will Doctrine: Second Level Ethical Issues and Analysis

There is an ongoing debate over the ethical status of policies that give an employer the right to discharge an employee without a good reason or notice (i.e., employment at-will policies). This article moves beyond the question of whether the adoption of such a policy is unethical per se under all circumstances, focusing instead on the following question: Assuming that an at-will policy is not unethical per se in all circumstances, what are the ethical issues associated with an employer's implementation and maintenance of an employment at-will policy, and how can these issues be addressed? Three primary ethical concerns are identified and discussed, and specific propositions regarding employers' obligations are presented. The article concludes by offering practical guidance intended to assist at-will employers in meeting the identified ethical obligations.     

情事变更原则理论基础的价值分析

立法对情事变更原则的肯定与否,实际上取决于价值选择的结果,即绝对坚持合同效力的价值与牺牲效力、采用合同可因情事变更而变更的原则的价值之间的选择.情事变更原则的存在主要是为了维护实质公平,从坚持合同效力的反面补救了绝对坚持合同效力原则之弊害,有效地保障了合同法律制度所追求的价值(交易安全).     

The Contradictions of Free Market Doctrine: Is There a Solution?

The article considers six standard arguments in favour of an unfettered free market: (1) the freedom to consume; (2) the freedom of the seller; (3) the freedom of the producer; (4) freedom from government interference; (5) lower costs; (6) promotion of democracy. It demonstrates that each of these arguments turns out to be incoherent on closer examination. The ground of this incoherence it is shown, is the market doctrine's systematic omission of non-business costs and benefits from its analysis, a methodological blindness which can only be overcome by a wider-lensed comprehension of economic value.     

Doctrine of relative purchasing power parity under fixed and flexible exchange rates reconsidered

The doctrine of relative purchasing power parity during periods of fixed and flexible exchange rates is investigated. Using cointegration techniques and data for the Group of Seven countries, a subset of the results suggests, that purchasing power parity held only between the United States and the United Kingdom over the period 1957 QI to 1973 QII. Different results are obtained for the 1973 QIII to 1990 QIV period. Based on the maximum likelihood approach of Johansen and Juselius and an error correction model, it is concluded that purchasing power parity held between the United States and Canada, the United States and France, the United States and Italy, and the United States and the United Kingdom.     

The Ethics of Innovation: p2p Software Developers and Designing Substantial Noninfringing Uses Under the Sony Doctrine

This essay explores the controversy over peer-to-peer (p2p) software, examining the legal and ethical dimensions of allowing software companies to develop p2p technologies. It argues that, under the Supreme Court’s ruling in the Sony betamax case, technology developers must be accorded the freedom to innovate and develop technologies that are capable of substantial noninfringing uses. This doctrine, known as the Sony doctrine, provides an important safe harbor for technological development, including p2p. The safe harbor, however, does not immunize conduct beyond the design, sale, or supply of the product. For other conduct that falls outside the Sony safe harbor, the traditional standards of secondary liability apply.     

What Sparks Ethical Decision Making? The Interplay Between Moral Intuition and Moral Reasoning: Lessons from the Scholastic Doctrine

There has been limited coverage of the corporate responsibility (CR) practices of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the mainstream CR literature. Furthermore, there has been no systematic analysis of the responsibilities of the high value jewellery industry and jewellery SMEs in particular. This study explores the potential for harm and value creation by individual stakeholders in fine jewellery production. Using the harm chain and institutional theory to frame our investigation, we seek to understand how small businesses within the fine jewellery industry respond to the economic, social and environmental challenges associated with responsible jewellery production, and to investigate how they perceive and negotiate the tensions between responsibility and the resistance derived from the operational norms of secrecy and autonomy within the industry. Our exploratory research provides illustrative examples of how complex harm networks operate within and across the fine jewellery industry, and demonstrates the inter-relationships that exist across the different stages of the fine jewellery harm chain. Findings suggest that institutional forces are coalescing towards a more responsible agenda for the fine jewellery industry. Moreover, while CR is a tool to disrupt harmful institutional norms and practices within such an industry, it requires the co-creation of new transformative business models and multi-stakeholder involvement including firms (SMEs and MNEs), trade associations, non-governmental organisations and consumers. Solutions include national and international legislation, price adjusted certification routes for small firms, harmonisation of industry CR standards to reduce overlap in certification and regulation and gem and precious metal “track and trace” schemes.