Automobile Safety Regulation and the Incentive to Drive Recklessly: Evidence from NASCAR

When safety regulation makes automobiles safer, drivers may drive more recklessly, partially or completely offsetting effects on the overall level of safety. Evidence of these offsetting effects has been hard to find, however, primarily because of the aggregate nature of accident data. In this paper we explore how changes in the safety of automobiles used in the National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing (NASCAR) has altered the incentive of drivers to drive recklessly. This unique data set allows more accurate and objective measurement of the necessary variables to test for these effects at a microlevel. Our results strongly support the presence of these offsetting behavioral effects.     

山西省旅游业新旧动能转换测度及其影响研究

旅游业新旧动能转换是山西省实现经济高质量发展的重要举措.以山西省旅游业为研究对象,构建传统动能和新动能测量的指标体系,并测算新旧动能转换指数,对山西省旅游业的新旧动能转换特征和规律予以分析.结果表明:山西省旅游业的发展长期依赖传统动能,2008—2018年,传统动能的发展程度显著高于新动能,新旧动能转换指数较低,长期位于[0.78,1.04]区间;岭回归实证分析结果显示,新动能对旅游业的发展影响程度大于传统动能,其中最突出的是恩格尔效应和技术进步,影响系数分别为0.201和0.190.为实现山西省旅游业高质量发展,应重视旅游业的恩格尔效应,提升技术进步投入,加强人力资本培育机制的建设,推进旅游业新动能的发展速度和深度.     

The effects on insurance costs of restricting undocumented immigrants' access to driver licenses

Proponents of issuing driver licenses to undocumented immigrants argue that the number of uninsured motorists and car accidents would decrease, thus improving public safety and lowering costs associated with car insurance. This study gives an overview of competing cost reduction and public safety arguments and examines the issues surrounding undocumented immigrants and driver licenses. It empirically assesses the effect on the average cost of auto insurance of restricting undocumented access to legal driving documents. We use a fixed effects model for panel data to test the effects on real average insurance expenditures of restricting undocumented immigrants' access to driver licenses, while controlling for other relevant factors suggested in the literature. Our main finding is that on net such restrictions raise the average annual cost of auto insurance by an estimated $17.22 ($2009) across states that have enacted such restrictions.     

基于单片机和THB6128的上粉机电控系统研究

研究和开发了一款以STC单片机为主控芯片,THB6128为步进电机驱动芯片的节能灯上粉机电控系统。系统应用485总线进行各个子模块的通信,有效解决了传统的PLC搭配通用步进电机驱动器存在的价格高昂、速度受限及装配复杂的问题。整体来讲该系统具有装配简易、稳定可靠和扩展灵活的特点。     

基于企业DNA理论研究企业并购机理

从仿生学的角度研究企业并购,利用企业DNA理论提供一种分析路径,同时以联想并购整合IBMPC业务部的案例为研究背景,阐述了企业间并购导致企业基因重组,并购这种发展方式对于企业就像生物体的有性繁殖方式,能够使企业基因双倍化,从而提高了企业进化速度,形成更适应市场环境的企业。     

The Demand for Vices in Malaysia: An Ethnic Comparison Using Household Expenditure Data

A trivariate Tobit system is estimated to investigate the demand for vices (tobacco, alcohol, and gambling) in Malaysia. Estimation results, segmented by ethnicity, suggest that years of formal education, occupation type, and household head’s age negatively affect both the likelihood to spend and the overall amounts spent on tobacco by all Malaysians. Additionally, while higher income Malay households are more likely to spend and have higher tobacco expenditures, affluent Chinese and households of other races are more likely to spend and to spend more on smoking, drinking and gambling. Male-headed households of all races are more likely to spend and also spend more on smoking, drinking and gambling than female-led households.     

Exports,imports and growth: New evidence on Italy: 1863–2004

The nexus between trade and economic growth in Italy has been widely debated by historiography. However, there are no long run analyses on this topic that cover the whole span from Unification to present days. This paper contributes to fill this gap by investigating the relationship between real exports, imports and GDP in Italy from 1863 to 2004 by using cointegration analysis and causality tests. The outcome suggests that these variables comove in the long run but the direction of causality varies across time. In the period prior to the First World War import growth led GDP growth that in turn led export growth. Conversely, in the post-Second World War period we have a strong bidirectionality between imports and exports consequent on the increase in intra-industry trade. We also find a weak support for export-led growth and growth-led imports. This suggests that exports were not the only or the main driver of economic growth. There was probably a multiplicity of factors at work, among which high rates of capital formation and the expansion of internal demand probably stood out.     

The race factor in social security

Conclusion A more complete analysis of the race factor in Social Security would expand from here in the following ways. First, projected earnings would be forecast for both races to compute race-specific benefit-tax ratios. Second, more complete family formation data would permit the projection of dependent-less benefit-producing events, not just spouse-less benefit-producing events. Additional computations would be performed for female workers and two-earner families. A satisfactory weight (or a rationale for the present one) would be assigned to survivor benefits. The end-result would be benefit-tax ratios for both races, not just for set-piece workers.     

The race factor in social security

Conclusion A more complete analysis of the race factor in Social Security would expand from here in the following ways. First, projected earnings would be forecast for both races to compute race-specific benefit-tax ratios. Second, more complete family formation data would permit the projection of dependent-less benefit-producing events, not just spouse-less benefitproducing events. Additional computations would be performed for female workers and two-earner families. A satisfactory weight (or a rationale for the present one) would be assigned to survivor benefits. The end-result would be benefit-tax ratios for both races, not just for set-piece workers.     

High‐speed Rail and Urban Economic Growth in China after the Global Financial Crisis

High‐speed rail (HSR) has been an important driver of China's economic expansion over the last decade. Using data of 285 prefecture‐level cities over 2010–2014, this paper proposes an endogenous economic growth model to explain how and why HSR may have propelled China's economic growth by reducing the time‐space between cities. The research results show that HSR has a potent effect on urban economic growth and regional convergence. Ceteris paribus, HSR appears to have accelerated economic growth by more than 0.6 percent and the pace of regional economic convergence by approximately 2 percent per annum over the data period. Our research findings have important policy implications for the sustainability of China's economic development, backed by HSR.     

适应旅游业需求加快旅游保险发展

随着旅游业高速发展,旅游中各类安全事故发生率也越来越多,保险在保障游客人身和财产安全方面的作用就越来越重要.因此加快旅游保险的发展成为当务之急.加快旅游保险发展首先要加强旅游保险的宣传;其次要拓宽旅游保险领域;第三要提高旅游保险服务水平.     

University-Industry Linkages and the Development of Knowledge Clusters in Canada

Research on Systems of Innovation has illustrated the role of local institutions and networks in regional development. This paper looks critically at Canada's 11 most active knowledge clusters and at the impact of university-industry co-operation on their development. It concludes that Canadian universities are more often a catalyst for development than a driver, government laboratories and industry being the primary factors leading to cluster growth and success.     

成本动因选择的实证比较研究

文章从成本动因入手,分析Carsten提出的成本动因组合替代模型,将该方法与Babad和Balachandran提出的两成本动因合并理论进行比较,得出成本动因组合替代模型的准确性更高.文中就模型中的权重分配提出了使用回归分析的方法,完善了成本动因的合并,在此基础上用一个数值算例来解释.     

Do #AllLivesMatter? An Evaluation of Race and Excessive Use of Force by Police

There is anecdotal evidence showing that African-Americans are more likely to be subjected to excessive use of force by police than are people of other races. The counterargument is that these issues are not related to race and there are other factors at work. There have been several high-profile cases, such as those in Ferguson, Cleveland, and Baton Rouge. In this study, we estimate the effect of race on excessive use of force incidents using a new dataset comprising citizen complaints against the Chicago Police Department. Our findings show that not only does race play a role in excessive use of force complaints, but also that race plays a role in which complaints are sustained. Our study also highlights the importance of having data on which to perform rigorous empirical analysis in order to inform policymakers.     

Understanding China's demand for resource imports

Is China's demand for resources driven predominantly by domestic factors or by global demand for its exports? The answer to this question is of interest given the highly resource-intensive nature of China's growth, and is important for many resource-exporting countries, such as Australia, Brazil, Canada and India. This paper provides evidence that China's (mainly manufacturing) exports have been a significant driver of its demand for resource commodities over recent decades. First, it employs input–output tables to demonstrate that, historically, manufacturing has been at least as important as construction as a driver of China's demand for resource-intensive metal products. Second, it shows that global trade in non-oil resource commodities can be described by the gravity model of trade. Using this model it is found that, controlling for other determinants of resource trade, exports (and the manufacturing sector more generally) are a sizeable and significant determinant of a country's resource imports, and that this has been true for China as well as for other countries.     

浙江对外贸易风险分析

对外贸易风险,是在开放条件下,一国或地区在经济发展中面临的主要风险之一。文章从经济安全的战略角度考察和论述了开放条件下浙江的对外贸易风险,主要包括：贸易摩擦风险、产业结构安全风险、对外依存风险和生态环境风险,并指出解决问题的关键在于进一步实现外贸增长方式的有效转变。     

全球愤怒:金融危机的政治后遗症

金融危机对收入分配和社会变动的影响已经开始逐渐显露。本文讨论了金融危机之后带来的三条断裂线:不同年龄的人口之间的矛盾和冲突,超级富豪和社会大众之间的矛盾和冲突,不同种族和宗教之间的矛盾和冲突。这三种潜在的社会冲突,再加上遭遇债务压力的各国将采取更加严厉的财政紧缩政策、城市化的发展、全球化的推动以及互联网和社交网络软件的出现等因素的催化,未来的国际经济中将会出现更多的贸易战、货币战和就业战。     

基于Canopy-K-means算法的半挂汽车列车行驶数据分析

为实时监测车辆行驶状态,建立了基于Canopy-K-means算法的车辆行驶安全特征分类模型.采用Canopy-K-means聚类算法对车辆行驶数据进行挖掘分析,以欧氏距离大小作为数据集属性间的相似性分类指标,得到表征不同行驶安全特征的离线聚类质心;搭建T ruckSim与Simulink联合仿真平台,设置定半径变车速和方向盘斜阶跃输入仿真工况对车辆行驶状态进行在线识别;同时为验证该方法在实车上的应用效果,设置相同工况对离线聚类质心进行验证分析.仿真和实车结果表明:基于Canopy-K-means算法的数据挖掘方法可以对不同行驶状态数据进行分类,得到的表征不同行驶安全特征的聚类质心能在一定程度上对车辆行驶稳定性进行评价,可以作为车辆控制和预警的判定依据.     

Evidence of Adverse Selection from Thoroughbred Wagering

Previous research has shown the thoroughbred sales market to be affected by adverse selection. In the market, sellers who race as well as breed thoroughbreds will choose to keep thoroughbreds when their estimated private values exceed expected sales prices. The presence of asymmetric information leads these sellers to sell their low-quality horses and keep their best for racing. We extend the analysis by examining how bettors use similar information when wagering on thoroughbred races. We show, using a sample of two-year-old maiden races, that homebreds (those horses kept by their breeders for racing) are favored over otherwise similar nonhomebreds.     

BIG QUESTIONS IN AUSTRALIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY: FROM THE OUTSIDE LOOKING IN1

The conventional story of Australian economic history is worth challenging. Rather than just assuming a national economy with conventional turning points such as Federation, economic historians would do well to investigate more complex processes like the interplay between regions, races and development, and the changing patterns of interaction with the outside world. The big question for economic historians is whether in the future they can undertake economic research which informs history and so contributes to the national debate.