人口老龄化背景下推动我国第三支柱养老保险发展的路径研究

进入老龄化时代,养老保险面临的支付压力越来越大,应加快建立起多层次、结构合理的养老保险体系。从国际经验来看,世界各国都将第三支柱养老保险作为养老保险体系优化改革的重点,并取得了显著的成效。尽管第三支柱养老保险取得初步发展,但是由于养老保险三支柱之间比列失衡、财政的配套支持不够、个人参保认识局限、长寿时代金融产品风险管控难度增加等一系列问题使得第三支柱养老保险的发展还存在较大的提升空间。通过加大税收政策支持、丰富个人养老产品供给、优化金融行业保险业务服务、探索消费积累型个人养老保险模式等方式推进第三支柱养老保险的发展。     

美国社会OASDI制度和农民缴费

美国社会公共养老保障制度属于OASDI社会福利计划,OASDI制度是指老龄、遗属、残疾保险。借鉴美国社会OASDI和农民缴费制度,建立中国公共养老保险制度,实现全民老有所养是政府惠民政策的首要任务。     

Mainstreaming health insurance for people with disabilities

Many low- and middle-income countries have introduced public health insurance schemes to increase access to health care and provide financial protection against the costs of care for disadvantaged groups. Using national health household survey data from Vietnam and an appropriate two-part model, this paper examines the targeting effectiveness of public health insurance schemes and their impact on health care utilization for persons with disabilities. Results suggest that current community-based targeting methods are not effective, and that insurance mechanisms are an unsatisfactory buffer for inpatient-related costs to which persons with disabilities are prone. A higher level of disability targeting is recommended, both in terms of eligibility and benefits.     

Towards the ‘cult of the equity’? Insurance companies and the interwar capital market

This article examines the ways in which insurance companies modified their investment policies during the interwar years, arguing that this period marked the start of the transition from ‘traditional’ to ‘modern’ investment practice. Economic and financial conditions raised considerable doubts regarding the suitability of traditional insurance investments, while competitive conditions forced insurance offices to seek higher‐yielding assets. These pressures led to a considerable increase in the proportion of new investment devoted to corporate securities, including ordinary shares. Meanwhile new insurance investment philosophies began to be advocated, which accorded both legitimacy and importance to the role of ordinary shares in insurance portfolios.     

Gatekeeper incentives and demand inducement: An empirical analysis of care managers in the Japanese long-term care insurance program

This study analyzes the incentives and supplier-induced demand of care managers, who are intermediaries between consumers and service providers in the Japanese social insurance program for long-term care. Care managers can be considered as pure gatekeepers, in that their function is limited to referral people to specialists and they themselves do not provide care. Care managers are rewarded by capitation, which is considered as a cost-effective payment mechanism for insurers. However, many care managers actually work for firms that also operate as service providers. Service providers are rewarded by a fee-for-service payment and can have a motivation to induce excess consumer demand. The violation of the neutrality of care managers might result in a financial burden on social insurance. In this study, we empirically test whether there is a positive correlation between care manager density and care costs, which might imply the existence of supplier-induced demand. Our results show a positive correlation, particularly in the case of care managers who work for firms that jointly operate in service provision sectors. Based on these results, we conduct a quantitative analysis, and show that the demand induced by care managers might produce a considerable financial burden on social insurance.     

子女同住对养老第三支柱建设的影响研究——基于CFPS的经验证据

2021年11月出台的《中共中央、国务院关于加强新时代老龄工作的意见》在倡导“鼓励成年子女与老年父母就近居住或共同生活，履行赡养义务、承担照料责任”的同时，强调要“促进和规范发展第三支柱养老保险”。两者之间能否兼容促进很大程度上决定了中央积极应对老龄化战略能否切实贯彻到解决养老问题的实践之中，但现有文献对两者之间关系缺乏必要关注。文章利用2016年和2018年中国家庭追踪调查CFPS数据，从老年人金融参与的视角检验了子女同住对养老第三支柱建设的影响。研究发现，子女同住显著促进了养老第三支柱建设，提高了老年人金融参与积极性，尤其是对风险金融资产投入的促进更加显著。老年人为男性、居住东部地区、子女教育水平和个人收入高时这种促进效应更显著。机制研究发现，子女同住降低了老年人风险厌恶程度、增加了老年人知识认知和信息接触，从而增加老年人金融投资；同时发现老年人给予子女的劳动支持更能促进个人养老金参与，而子女对父母的照料未发现该促进效应，支持了子女同住的代际交换动机。结论表明，子女同住与养老第三支柱建设可有效互补。发展养老第三支柱不但能够满足老年人在子女赡养能力不足的情况下高质量的自我养老需求，更...     

基于存款保险制度视角下的道德风险问题研究

众所周知,现代银行作为一个企业,具有与一般意义上的企业同样的因经营不善或其它原因而导致的破产倒闭的可能性,尤其是在金融危机频发的当代。那么,当银行破产倒闭时,储户或者说存款人的存款由谁来负责赔偿就成为一个问题。如果这个问题解决不好,极有可能引发社会的不稳定。基于上述考虑,存款保险制度应运而生,在一定程度上,存款保险制度不仅保护了存款人的利益,而且维护了金融体系乃至整个社会的稳定。但任何制度在实际运行中都无一例外地表现出两重性。存款保险制度也不例外。从实际运行情况来看,其存在着很大的缺陷,其中尤以各方的道德风险行为最为突出。基于此,本文着眼于存款保险制度下的道德风险问题,主要分三部分,第一部分是一个简单的引言;第二部分分别从存款人和投保银行的角度对其进行分析;第三部分在分析的基础上,提出防范道德风险的几个措施,以供参考;最后,对全文进行简要总结。     

Impact of urban-rural health insurance integration on health care: Evidence from rural China

In recent years, Chinese local governments have experimented with integrating the social health insurance system segmented between rural and urban areas to unify the administration, policy, and funds of various health insurance programs. In this study, we take advantage of the staggered implementation of the urban-rural health insurance integration across cities over time to examine the impacts of the integration on rural residents' health care utilization and health outcomes. Based on an original city-year level policy dataset and the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) for the years 2011, 2013, and 2015, we find that the integration significantly increases the middle-aged and older rural residents' inpatient care utilization and this positive effect is particularly salient in poor areas. Moreover, we find that the positive policy effect of integration is attributed to enhanced health insurance benefits, such as a higher reimbursement rate for inpatient care. However, the integration has limited impacts on the middle-aged and older rural residents' health outcomes. This study reveals the partial success of urban-rural health insurance integration to reduce health care inequality in China.     

How is Fintech reshaping the traditional financial markets? New evidence from InsurTech and insurance sectors in China

We examine the effect of Fintech on the market structure of traditional financial markets, and focus particularly on InsurTech and the insurance sector. We find that InsurTech has significantly reduced the non-life insurance sector's market concentration but plays a limited role in the life insurance sector's market structure. The results are not driven by potential reverse causality and remain unchanged when we employ an instrumental variables approach and use an alternative supply-side InsurTech index. We further explore the underlying mechanisms and find that, instead of competing directly with insurance companies, Fintech companies provide insurance technologies to traditional insurers and help them lower entry barriers and reduce operating costs. Our paper sheds light on how InsurTech is reshaping traditional insurance sectors, and the results are generalizable to Fintech and financial markets.     

借鉴日本护理保险制度 构建我国护理保险体系

护理保险是应对人口老龄化带来的社会问题的一种有效途径。日本的护理保险制度具有护理保险法律法规健全、内容细致多样化及具有专业的护理人员等特点,这种制度为日本老年人提供了很好的护理保障。我国在未来要面临更加严重的人口老龄化问题,我国可以借鉴日本的发展经验,构建我国护理保险体系。在发展我国护理保险体系时,我国应确定社会保险和商业保险相结合的模式;注重法律法规的建设;创新护理保险产品种类;加强人才的培养。     

存款保险制度的国际经验和中国模式的思考

存款保险制度是一国金融安全网三大防线之一,实践证明其对稳定金融秩序、保障存款人利益、维护民众信心、安定社会有重要作用。存款保险制度运行了70多年,积累了一定的国际经验,有必要进行总结,为我国存款保险制度建设提供可借鉴之策。我国银行体系的特有结构、居民金融资产的构成特点、农村多元化金融体系的建设以及金融业互相交叉的风险现状,都表明我国急需建立存款保险制度。而适合中国实际的存款保险制度是最理想的,我国有必要建立统一的、符合国际经验的存款保险新模式。     

The Impact of R&D Intensity on Demand for Specialist Auditor Services*

The audit fee research literature argues that auditors' costs of developing brand name reputations, including top‐tier designation and recognition for industry specialization, are compensated through audit fee premiums. Audited firms reduce agency costs by engaging high‐quality auditors who monitor the levels and reporting of discretionary expenditures and accruals. In this study we examine whether specialist auditor choice is associated with a particular discretionary expenditure ‐ research and development (R&D). For a large sample of U.S. companies from a range of industries, we find strong evidence that R&D intensity is positively associated with firms' choices of auditors who specialize in auditing R&D contracts. Additionally, we find that R&D intensive firms tend to appoint top‐tier auditors. We use simultaneous equations to control for interrelationships between dependent variables in addition to single‐equation ordinary least squares (OLS) and logistic regression models. Our results are particularly strong in tests using samples of small firms whose auditor choice is not constrained by the need to appoint a top‐tier auditor to ensure the auditor's financial independence from the client.     

品牌价格竞争的非对称效应

1989年,Blattberg和Wisniewski提出并证实了品牌价格竞争的非对称效应的存在,即在同等水平的促销情况下,高端品牌(HighTier)在市场份额上的获益要大于低端(LowTier)品牌,或者说低端品牌促销对高端品牌的影响要小于高端品牌促销对低端品牌的影响。这一理论对品牌选择研究和企业定价实践产生了深远影响。本文介绍了对这一理论的两种经济学和一种行为学解释,并对有关的实证研究进行了总结。     

存款保险相关制度建设的初步探讨

建立存款保险制度是中国金融业发展的必然趋势。本文就存款保险制度相关制度建设进行了初步探讨,主要从建立健全存款保险制度实施的金融环境角度,提出相关法律制度的修订、金融监管环境的健全以及信息披露制度的完善等措施。     

论我国保险业的营销策略

目前,我国保险市场正由卖方市场向买方市场转变,这带来了消费者行为和动机的较大变化,消费动机与行为更趋理性和实效。这些变化无疑对当前的保险营销提出了新的更高的要求。针对市场转型带来的消费行为的变化和金融一体化进程,传统保险营销模式中呈现出来的诸如顾客导向不明确,市场细分不充分,缺乏科学的营销策划、没有完整的市场营销战略等问题,难以适应我国加入世贸后竞争加剧的保险市场。为调整营销策略,对激发潜在保险需求,促进保险业健康发展,文章提出了满足客户个性需求的差异化营销策略、注重品牌营销策略、"人本化"的营销团队管理策略及立体式的多层次营销策略等措施。     

构建我国存款保险制度的若干思考

存款保险制度作为一国金融安全网的重要组成部分,已被越来越多的国家采用。我国在建立和运行存款保险制度时,应吸取它国的经验教训,并结合国情在目标确定、管理模式和基础结构等方面进行具体的制度设计,并且采取相应措施防范存款保险制度的缺陷。     

新疆医疗保险制度存在的问题及对策

职工医疗保险制度自1950年代实施以来,对于保障职工身体健康、减轻职工的个人和家庭负担、提高全民族的健康水平等起到了积极作用。但随着我国改革开放的不断深入,传统的公费医疗和劳保医疗制度的弊端逐渐显露出来。本文分析了新疆医疗保险制度的现状和存在的问题,提出应加大对医疗保险制度的改革,建立有中国特色的医疗保险制度。     

Financial Development in Asia: some analytical issues

Twenty-two years ago, Ronald McKinnon and Edward Shaw highlighted some of the deleterious effects of financial repression-interest rate ceilings, high reserve requirements, directed credit policies, and discriminatory taxation of financial intermediaries. Both books presented some theoretical underpinnings for policy recommendations, based in large part on reforms in Taiwan (early 1950s) and Korea (mid-l960s), that were already in vogue. Since 1973 there has been a literature explosion in the field of financial development, much of it focused on the Asian experience. This article constitutes the third in a series of articles which surveys the literature on financial development in Asia for the period 1988–94.     

基于金融共生理论的我国商业银行与保险的关系研究

金融共生系统是以银行与企业共生关系为核心,涵盖了银行与银行之间、银行与非银行金融机构之间共生关系的综合体系,本文从金融共生的视角来分析我国银行与保险公司之间的关系,分析了制约我国银保共生发展的因素,并提出了构建我国银保共生体系的制度安排。     

关于我国存款保险制度建设的几点思考

存款保险制度是当今大多数国家金融体系一个重要的组成部分,是世界上公认的金融安全网的三大基本要素之一,它在保护存款人利益和维护金融体系稳定方面发挥着积极作用。我国目前实行的隐性存款保险制度有许多弊端,不利于我国金融业的稳定。因此,建立具有中国特色的存款保险制度已成为我国深化金融改革、完善金融体制的一项战略任务。本文在对我国隐性存款保险制度进行分析的基础上提出了建立适合我国国情的存款保险制度的基本设想。