A closer look at the determinants of international migration: decomposing cultural distance

Using a modified gravity model and three measures of cultural distance, we employ the zero-inflated negative binomial estimation technique to examine the impact of cultural distance on international migration flows. We confirm the finding of prior studies that there exists a negative relationship between composite measures of cultural distance and immigrant flows. Extending the literature, we decompose our composite cultural distance measures into their component dimensions to examine potential variability in the influences of individual dimensions on international migration. We find the cultural dimensions that reflect individualism, uncertainty avoidance, and perceived gender roles are typically more influential in determining immigrant flows than are other cultural dimensions.     

联盟组合中焦点企业的网络能力对创新绩效的影响——吸收能力的中介作用

结合社会网络理论和资源基础理论,基于联盟组合中焦点企业的视角,构建了网络能力、吸收能力影响创新绩效的理论模型,并对我国战略性新兴产业242家企业进行了问卷调查和实证分析.研究结果表明:网络能力的4个维度(网络规划能力、网络构建能力、关系管理能力和位置占据能力)对创新绩效均有显著正向影响;网络能力的4个维度对吸收能力的两个维度(潜在吸收能力和实际吸收能力)也均有显著正向影响;吸收能力的两个维度对创新绩效均有显著正向影响;潜在吸收能力和实际吸收能力在网络能力的4个维度与创新绩效的作用关系之间均起到部分中介作用,而且实际吸收能力的中介作用强于潜在吸收能力的中介作用.     

DIMENSIONS,TRANSACTIONS COSTS AND COALITIONS IN LEGISLATIVE VOTING*

Dimensional studies of Congressional voting have found a single dominant “ideological” dimension, while regression estimates find that constituency variables and party are dominant. Koford (1989b) recalibrated the dimensional studies, and found that several dimensions are important. This study reviews those findings, and then considers additional reasons why dimensional studies might understate the number of dimensions. It then examines the regression estimates for biases that overstate the number of dimensions. Overall, fewer dimensions are found than seem consistent with the wide variety of constituents' preferences on issues. A model is developed in which the transactions costs of building coalitions reduces the number of dimensions visible on roll-call votes below the underlying dimensionality of preferences in the issue space. When legislative parties build internal coalitions to pass and defeat bills, voting on randomly drawn bills has a single party-oriented dimension. Natural ideological dimensions are reinforced when parties write bills and logroll along natural lines of cohesion. Numerical examples suggest that these effects could be important, and suggest lines for empirical investigation of the underlying issue space.     

Does globalization affect growth? Evidence from a new index of globalization

The study develops an index of globalization covering its three main dimensions: economic integration, social integration, and political integration. Using panel data for 123 countries in 1970–2000 it is analysed empirically whether the overall index of globalization as well as sub-indexes constructed to measure the single dimensions affect economic growth. As the results show, globalization indeed promotes growth. The dimensions most robustly related with growth refer to actual economic flows and restrictions in developed countries. Although less robustly, information flows also promote growth whereas political integration has no effect.     

供应商创新性提升机理：制造商—供应商社会资本作用研究

提升供应商创新性能有效促进制造商产品创新。基于社会资本理论和知识基础观,从制造商视角出发,构建制造商—供应商社会资本各维度对供应商创新性的作用机理模型。通过对216家中国装备制造企业进行问卷调查,利用结构方程模型,验证制造商—供应商社会资本、制造商使能的供应商知识整合与供应商创新性之间关系的理论逻辑。研究发现：①制造商—供应商社会资本各维度对供应商创新性均具有正向作用;②制造商使能的供应商知识整合两个维度均正向影响供应商创新性;③制造商使能的供应商知识整合在制造商—供应商社会资本各维度与供应商创新性间扮演不同中介作用。结论揭示了制造商—供应商社会资本提升供应商创新性的过程机制,对制造商开发供应商创新潜能具有一定启示。     

WHAT CAN WE LEARN ABOUT CONGRESSIONAL POLITICS FROM DIMENSIONAL STUDIES OF ROLL-CALL VOTING?

How many dimensions are there in Congressional roll-call votes? What do dimensions tell us about Congressional politics? Poole and Rosenthal have found one or a very few dimensions. Earlier work has identified problems with Poole and Rosenthal's dimensional fitting method. This paper finds additional problems, showing that when legislators’relative intensity of preferences varies across issues, the Poole and Rosenthal approach will fail. Specifically, while redistributive issues fit their model, distributive and regulative issues allow gains from trade, and thus vote-trading and coalition-building. Roll-call data show voting patterns inconsistent with the Poole and Rosenthal model.     

Coalition and Party Formation in a Legislative Voting Game

We examine a legislative voting game where decisions are to be made over both ideological and distributive dimensions. In equilibrium legislators prefer to make proposals for the two dimensions together, despite having preferences that are separable over the two dimensions. The equilibria exhibit interaction between the ideological and distributive dimensions, and the set of legislators who approve winning proposals does not always consist of ideologically adjacent legislators. There is more than one ideological decision that has a positive probability of being proposed and approved. We show that legislators can gain from forming political parties, and consider examples where predictions can be made about the composition of parties. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: D72, C71, C78.     

The influence of cultural distance on the volatility of the international stock market

Along with the development of cultural dimensions and cultural distance, the influence of cultural variables on the stock market is attracting more and more attention. In this study, we propose an improved gravity model to examine the relationship between culture and the volatility of the international stock market. Firstly, based on Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory, a model of the impact of cultural dimensions on the volatility of the national stock market is presented. Secondly, cultural distance is incorporated into the extended gravity model. Then, models of the impact of cultural distance on fluctuations in the international stock market and on foreign securities investment are proposed. Finally, the results of case studies using samples of national stock market indices indicate that different cultural dimensions have different influences on the volatility of national stock markets. The smaller the cultural distance between countries, the more similar the level of volatility in those countries' stock markets. Greater cultural similarity promotes increased securities investment between countries.     

Measurement of Quality of Life and Well‐Being in France: The Drivers of Subjective Well‐Being

Ever since the publication of the Stiglitz Report, France has been heavily involved in the measurement of well‐being. The French Statistical Institute (INSEE) has expanded the scope of its existing surveys. It has also launched an innovative experimental survey which, drawing upon a single statistical source, aims for the first time to explore the different dimensions of both objective and subjective quality of life, as highlighted in the Stiglitz Report. It allows us to study, at the individual level, correlations between these dimensions and the accumulation of deprivations. It has enabled us to better understand the links between determinants generally referred to as objective dimensions of quality of life (such as health or education) and subjective well‐being. This information is of paramount importance for policy makers who cannot act directly on the level of people's satisfaction but can only act upon the levers of objective dimensions. This paper presents the main findings of the experimental survey.     

Distribution of responsibility in socio-technical networks: the Promest case

The aim of the present paper is to show how (informal) responsibility issues within the context of a network are essentially related with the way networks are organised in order to pursue their objectives. We conceive of organisations as having at least three relevant dimensions: power, coordination and control. The case of the Dutch manure processing factory Promest is analysed in terms of these three dimensions. The analysis provides an illustration of how the dimensions enable actors to discharge their responsibilities, thereby offering insight in responsibility issues within a group of actors and contributing to the prevention of the problem of many hands.     

Increasing interdependence of multivariate distributions

Orderings of interdependence are useful in many economic contexts: in assessing ex post inequality under uncertainty; in comparing multidimensional inequality; in valuing portfolios of assets or insurance policies; and in assessing systemic risk. We explore five orderings of interdependence for multivariate distributions: greater weak association, the supermodular ordering, the convex-modular ordering, the dispersion ordering, and the concordance ordering. For two dimensions, all five are equivalent, whereas for three dimensions, the first four are strictly ranked and the last two are equivalent, and for four or more dimensions, all five are strictly ranked. For the special case of binary random variables, we establish some equivalences among the orderings.     

Estimating Lower Tail Dependence Between Pairs of Poverty Dimensions in Europe

This article provides an innovative method for measuring the dependence between pairs of poverty dimensions using a semiparametric copula approach that permits us to account for the importance of extreme low values. The association between pairs of poverty dimensions at the lower tail is easily measured using the parameter estimates of the specified parametric copula, and no further calculations are needed. This approach is used to measure the bivariate lower tail dependence between the dimensions of the AROPE rate in Europe at two time points (2009 and 2018). The findings reveal a statistically significant increase in the lower tail dependence between 2009 and 2018 in several European countries.     

企业研发人员创新绩效评价维度及其作用机理

通过总结和分析企业研发人员创新绩效评价文献,发现企业研发人员创新绩效评价的6个维度——投入产出、创新过程、创新能动、市场导向、组织沟通和知识管理。基于上述6个维度,借助结构方程模型,进一步提炼出企业研发人员创新绩效评价的关键维度,并系统分析了其对企业研发人员创新绩效的作用机理。     

基于DEA算法的高等学校工科院(系)规模效益综合评价应用研究

本文简要介绍了DEA方法的特点,阐述了高等学校工科院(系)规模效益评价中引入DEA方法的可行性.在对高校工科院(系)投入、产出分析的基础上,建立了高校工科院(系)规模效益评价指标体系.建立了高等学校工科院(系)规模效益DEA评价模型,并对高等学校工科院(系)的DEA技术有效性、规模有效性、规模收益、非DEA有效进行了详细分析,指出了造成非有效的原因,并据此改进为DEA有效的决策单元.     

企业环境技术创新的战略维度——多案例研究

首先界定了企业环境技术创新的概念、类型和战略维度。然后通过多案例研究,归纳、提炼出企业环境技术创新的4个战略维度,即工艺流程、产品服务、市场与客户以及机制设计。基于环境技术创新的战略维度和创新程度建立了企业环境技术创新的分析框架,并运用该框架对案例企业的环境技术创新的不同战略维度进行了对比分析。结果显示:案例企业的环境技术创新行为涉及一个或多个关键战略维度的变革,关键战略维度均可能对企业环境技术创新产生影响,其中变革最为显著的维度决定企业环境技术创新的类型、体现企业环境技术创新的特征。     

国内企业绩效管理维度的实证研究

本文采用实证方法探讨了国内绩效管理的基本维度,研究结果表明,国内绩效管理包含有七个基本维度。通过比较国内与国外的绩效管理维度,发现国内与西方发达国家在绩效管理的维度上存在一定差异,表现出中国传统文化对管理实践的重要影响。     

Belonging,believing, bonding,and behaving: the relationship between religion and business ownership at the country level

This cross-country study adopts a competing theories approach in which both a value perspective and a social capital perspective are used to understand the relation between religion and a country’s business ownership rate. We distinguish among four dimensions of religion: belonging to a religious denomination, believing certain religious propositions, bonding to religious practices, and behaving in a religious manner. An empirical analysis of data from 30 OECD countries with multiple data points per country covering the period 1984–2010 suggests a positive relationship between religion and business ownership based on those dimensions that reflect the internal aspects of religiosity (i.e., believing and behaving). We do not observe a significant association for those dimensions that reflect more external aspects of religion (i.e., belonging and bonding). These results suggest that the social capital perspective prevails the value perspective, at least when internal aspects of religiosity are concerned. More generally, our study demonstrates the importance of distinguishing between different dimensions of religion when investigating the link between religion and entrepreneurship.     

Factor Intensity Reversal in a Three-Factor,Three-Commodity Model*

The extension of the notion of factor intensity reversal is extended to three dimensions and it becomes clear that a single phenomenon in two dimensions becomes two distinct phenomena in three. It is shown that one interpretation, the degeneration of A, the coefficient matrix, is the phenomenon which causes problems in trade theory, and this case is easily extended to higher dimensions. Another interpretation uses the Minkowski and Metzler definitions of intensities, and here it is shown that while ‘reversals’ are possible they cause no difficulties unless they are also associated with a degeneration of A. Thus the heart of ‘factor intensity reversal’, i.e. degeneration of A, is easily generalized.     

责任型领导概念结构与量表

在分析现有文献的基础上,通过开放式问卷调研收集了当前社会背景下人们对责任型领导认知的资料,并通过扎根分析探索、归纳了责任型领导的行为特征和构成维度,明确了责任型领导的概念结构——包括利益平衡和自我提升两个维度以及包容接纳、知人善任和社会责任等11个要素。基于这一概念结构模型,编制了责任型领导量表。修正后的最终量表在信度和效度上都通过了检验,能够可靠、有效、稳定地测量责任型领导构念。