The effect of collective forestland tenure reform in China: Does land parcelization reduce forest management intensity?

China implemented a new round of collective forestland tenure reform during 2003–2013. In this reform, forestland owned by villages or township collective organizations were divided into a great number of small plots and allocated to member households of the collectives. A widespread concern about the reform is that parcelization of forestland might limit farmers’ incentives to invest in forest management. This paper examines the factors affecting farmers’ investment in forest management using household data collected in four provinces in 2010. The results show that the intensity of a household's investment in forest management is negatively affected by its nonfarm income and the average size of forest plots, but positively affected by the easiness in obtaining loan and the technical assistance the household receives. We argue that the counterintuitive effect of nonfarm income on investment intensity is due to the increasing marginal cost of own labor input. The effects of forest plot size and easiness in obtaining loan suggest that households have limited amount of capital to invest in forest management. Because of this constraint, parcelization of forestland resulted from the recent reform has not yet caused any reduction of the intensity of investment in forest management.     

Capitalisation of the SPS into Agricultural Land Rental Prices under Harmonisation of Payments

As the 2013 Reform of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) calls for the harmonisation of Single Payment Scheme (SPS) payments, we estimate the implications of this mandate on agricultural land rental rates over time as Germany began harmonising payments in 2010. Using Bavarian farm‐level panel data we find strong capitalisation effects that increase substantially in the years following 2009. On average, the marginal effect on rental rates of an additional SPS euro is 37 cents, growing over time to 53 cents as harmonisation develops.     

制度能力对农户合作供给农田灌溉系统的影响分析——基于黄河灌溉区6省份的调查数据

本文基于黄河灌溉区农户微观调查数据和制度能力三层次分析框架,利用双栏模型分析了知识性资源、关系性资源和动员能力三层次制度能力因素对农户合作供给农田灌溉系统行为的影响。研究表明,黄河灌溉区农户以投资方式合作供给农田灌溉系统的支付意愿水平为每年每户77. 6～232. 4元,以投工方式合作供给农田灌溉系统的支付意愿水平为每年每户1. 8～4. 6天;知识性资源、关系性资源和动员能力三层次因素对黄河灌溉区农户合作供给农田灌溉系统的意愿具有显著影响,其中,村庄的灌溉规则执行情况、村委会或水利协会对农户使用灌溉设备的支持力度、对农户参与灌溉系统供给的尊重程度和组织农户学习有关灌溉技术的强度因素显著影响农户投资灌溉系统的合作意愿程度;村庄灌溉设施供给规则、村委会或水利协会对农户使用灌溉设备的支持力度、联户促进灌溉有关的集体行动能力、为灌溉系统供给争取财政补贴的能力、组织农户学习有关农田灌溉技术的强度和农户获取灌溉信息的容易程度因素显著影响农户投工农田灌溉系统的合作意愿程度。     

劳动力禀赋、耕地破碎化与农户生态耕种决策行为

[目的]为清晰识别影响农户生态耕种决策行为的影响因素,为我国农业可持续发展,加快耕地数量、质量和生态“三位一体”保护目标的实现提供参考。[方法]文章利用江西省11市47县（区）共1 488份农户的调研数据,从农户劳动力禀赋结构转变和小农生产造成耕地破碎的两大社会现象切入,采用双栏模型将农户生态耕种决策行为分为采纳意愿和采纳程度两个阶段进行实证分析研究。[结果]（1）以中位数为划分依据,有生态耕种采纳意愿的农户数占样本总数的67.20%,有采纳意愿的农户对10项具体生态耕种行为的平均采纳数为5.323项;（2）家庭总人口对农户生态耕种采纳意愿与采纳程度均呈负相关、劳动力人数均呈正相关,兼业程度对农户生态耕种采纳程度呈正相关,耕地破碎化对农户生态耕种采纳意愿呈负相关;（3）农户生态耕种决策行为还受到受教育程度、农业收入占比、是否加入合作社、是否享受农业补贴等因素影响。[结论]政府及相关管理部门一方面应注重农户临时务工平台搭建,拓展相关信息视野以提升生态耕种采纳度;另一方面应规范和推动土地流转与土地整治,促进土地规模化经营,降低破碎度。     

Multi-scale assessment and spatial modelling of agricultural land abandonment in a European peripheral region: Galicia (Spain), 1956-2004

The environmental, cultural and economic consequences of land use change, including abandonment of agricultural use, have been recognized for a long time. It has often been assumed that the transformations of the agricultural systems in developed countries (and particularly in Europe) took place, for the main part, in the immediate years after the Second World War. In this paper we present a review of different statistical and cartographic sources available for a peripheral region in Europe (Galicia, Spain) characterized by small-scale farming and a very fragmented property system, that suggests otherwise: modernization of agriculture apparently took place without major changes in agricultural area until the country gained access to the European Economic Community, and the effect of Common Agricultural Policy reforms during the decade of 1990 is suggested as a major driver for the net decrease of agricultural area in the region between 1956 and 2004. On the other hand, this paper emphasizes the spatial complexity of agricultural abandonment with a case study, showing a large degree of variability at municipal scale and thus the need of future EU-level projects to work at least at municipal (Local Administrative Units 2, LAU 2) level. Finally, a multinomial logistic model for observed changes is included that shows how biophysical limitations were the main drivers behind abandonment of agriculture at parcel scale, while structural qualities related to property structure were strongly associated to the incorporation of former shrublands to agricultural use. Besides, Farm Structure Surveys were revealed as an unreliable source for the assessment of changes in total agricultural area in the studied region.     

土地制度综合配套改革对城乡收入差距的影响

研究目的：考察土地制度综合配套改革对缩小城乡收入差距的政策效果,为实现更加公平合理的土地收益分配提出政策建议。研究方法：理论建模、固定效应模型。研究结果：（1）土地制度综合配套改革对缩小城乡收入差距具有显著影响,土地制度综合改革的政策配套度越高,越有利于城乡收入差距的缩小。（2）土地制度综合配套改革主要包括政策主体配套以及政策工具配套两种形式,这两种形式的配套度提高,都能显著缩小城乡收入差距。（3）土地制度综合配套改革的政策效应具有区域异质性,对东、中部地区城乡收入差距的缩小效应比西部地区更大。研究结论：进一步完善政策主体配套以及政策工具配套,整合土地、劳动力、社保以及资金等要素配套,有助于促进土地增值收益的全民共享,缩小城乡收入分配差距。