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1.
刘国翰 《技术经济与管理研究》2014,(2):3-7
结构化多人博弈是一种把博弈方嵌入到具体的社会关系之中,在两两博弈的基础上求解整体博弈均衡状态的分析框架。和现有的合作博弈(Cooperative Game Theory)、网络博弈(Network Games)、进化图论(Evolutionary Graph Theory,EGT)、计算博弈论(Computational Game Theory)等多人博弈分析框架相比,结构化博弈既有和它们相似的地方,也有非常重要的差别。结构化博弈更适合用来分析政治问题和社会现象中的多人博弈局面。作为最简单的情况,本文先给出了一个三人结构化博弈的一般分析框架,然后根据这个分析框架对传统的联盟博弈进行了新的分析,发现经典的"三人分300元"博弈事实上有稳定的均衡解,即三人各分100元。作为一个简单的应用,文章分析了三个国家之间的"战争-同盟博弈",我们发现该博弈有两个稳定的均衡解,在这两个稳定的均衡解中,超级大国和小国总是选择结盟,而小国总是选择和地区大国进行战争。从这两个例子可以看出,结构化多人博弈在分析复杂的政治、经济、社会问题上具有传统博弈论方法所不具备的很多优势,其获得的均衡解也更符合社会实际。 相似文献
2.
Oishi Hidetsugu 《Economic Theory》2007,31(3):587-596
This study provides a new framework and a new equilibrium concept, which are able to describe the situation where people have
various images of the society and have various solution concepts for social outcomes, and where people accept the social outcomes.
In socially subjective equilibrium, people have a coherence of their own norms in two senses. One is the consistency of the norm itself. Imagined outcomes should
satisfy a certain (subjective) solution concept. The other is the consistency between the imagined outcomes and realized one.
These are the main features of our equilibrium concept.
This paper forms a part of my doctoral thesis, which is titled “On socially subjective equilibrium”. The first person I would
like to thank is my direct supervisor Professor Ken Urai (Osaka University). I obtained a basic idea of the main concept of
my doctoral thesis, that is, the solution concept scheme, from Professor Urai. I am grateful to Professor Hiroaki Nagatani
(Osaka University) and Professor Ken-Ichi Shimomura (Kobe University), who monitored my works and took efforts in providing
me with valuable comments on earlier versions of my thesis. I also obtained a fruitful advice from Professor Kenichi Amaya
(Kobe University). Lastly, I specially thank to Kozo Shiraishi (Osaka University). 相似文献
3.
在知识经济时代,知识是企业发展和创新的源泉与重要资源。研发团队沟通行为是影响高新技术企业自主创新绩效的重要因素,探究其对自主创新绩效的影响机制具有重要意义。以社会认同、知识共享等理论为基础,以知识吸收能力为中介变量,分析高新技术企业研发团队沟通行为与自主创新绩效的关系,运用逐步回归分析法对288份有效样本进行实证分析。研究发现:研发团队合作性沟通对团队产品创新绩效和工艺创新绩效有正向影响;研发团队竞争性沟通和回避性沟通对团队产品创新绩效和工艺创新绩效有负向影响;知识吸收能力在研发团队合作性沟通、竞争性沟通与自主创新绩效的影响中起显著中介作用,但是在研发团队回避性沟通对自主创新绩效影响的中介作用不显著。结论为提升高新技术企业研发团队自主创新绩效提供了新的方法与路径,对企业提高知识共享与创新能力,开展创新活动具有重要启示。 相似文献
4.
CPA与客户之间的合作关系因法律风险进而影响到审计质量,基于法律风险损失的视角,对CPA与客户之间的合作博弈进行重复博弈分析。结果表明:在法律风险损失足够大的情况下,CPA与客户各自理性的选择应是相互再合作,即CPA履行职责,客户提供真实的信息,从而提高审计质量。因此,规避法律风险损失对提高审计质量有积极作用,对我国相关法律政策也具有一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献
5.
本文建立了国际油气合作中的资源国与消费国之间的合作博弈模型,分析了不同的油气合同模式对资源消费国效用水平的影响.研究表明,合同模式在油气合作博弈中扮演着重要角色.从投资者的角度看,为获得效用最大化,投资者不但应注意投资区块的选择,还要对资源国的合同模式进行深入分析和利弊权衡.通过对几种石油合同模式的比较,发现在总收益相同的条件下,从风险大小的角度考虑,纯服务合同带来的效用大于产品分成合同和矿税制合同;从收益的角度考虑,产品分成合同和矿税制合同使资源消费国保留了油价上涨时获取高额利润的权利,带来的效用大于技术服务合同. 相似文献
6.
In the framework of (set-valued or single-valued) solutions for coalitional games with transferable utility, the three notions of consistency, bilateral consistency, and converse consistency are frequently used to provide axiomatic characterizations of a particular solution (like the core, prekernel, prenucleolus, Shapley value). Our main equivalence theorem claims that a solution satisfies consistency (with respect to an arbitrary reduced game) if and only if the solution satisfies both bilateral consistency and converse consistency (with respect to the same reduced game). The equivalence theorem presumes transitivity of the reduced game technique as well as difference independence on payoff vectors for two-person reduced games. 相似文献
7.
在KTV中收取音乐版权费可以激发音乐人的创作热情,推动我国文化产业蓬勃发展。然而这涉及到唱片公司、音乐著作人、KTV场所经营者等多方面的利益,将版权费在多个主体间进行合理分配成为当务之急。本文基于合作博弈论中的Shapley模型,对当前我国KTV音乐版权费用的征收方式进行了分析。结合当前存在的问题提出了"版权费与经营收益挂钩,版权费按Shapley模型分配"的解决方式,既保证了KTV经营者、消费者的利益,又能将版权费用在音乐著作权人之间进行合理分配。为解决Shapley模型的缺陷,本文基于具体问题,提出了"贡献因子"、"渴望函数"、"意愿因子"等概念,对原始Shapley模型进行加权改进,并结合具体案例对模型进行了解释与验证。最后对模型的应用进行了评价,并提出进一步的研究方向。 相似文献
8.
Following a recommendation by Transparency International, we conduct a laboratory experiment to gauge the impact of a specific type of grassroots participation on petty corruption. Participants play a one-shot, three-person sequential bribery game that, depending on the treatment, either gives or does not give passive third parties suffering from corruption the opportunity to send a publicly visible message to potential bribers and bribees. We find that messaging opportunities deter bribe offers (i.e., the extensive margin of bribe), but affect neither the size of the offered bribe (i.e., the intensive margin) nor bribe acceptances. We conjecture that the different impact of the treatment on bribe-givers and bribe-takers may be due to the order of play. 相似文献
9.
Tetsuo Yamamori Kazuhiko Kato Toshiji Kawagoe Akihiko Matsui 《Experimental Economics》2008,11(4):336-343
We conducted a laboratory experiment to study the effects of communication in a dictator game, while maintaining subjects’
anonymity. In the experiment, the recipient has an opportunity to state a payoff-irrelevant request for his/her share before
the dictator dictates his/her offer. We found that the independence hypothesis that voice does not matter is rejected. In
particular, if the request is for less than half of the pie, the dictator’s offer increases as the recipient’s request increases.
Additionally, there is no dictator who is other-regarding and, at the same time, does not react to the recipient’s request.
Electronic Supplementary Material The online version of this article () contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
Electronic Supplementary Material The online version of this article () contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
10.
A vector of balanced weights infers an inequality that games with a nonempty core obey. This paper gives a generalization of the notion ‘vector of balanced weights.’ Herewith, it provides necessary and sufficient conditions to determine whether a TU-game has a population monotonic allocation scheme or not. Furthermore, it shows that every four-person integer valued game with a population monotonic allocation scheme has an integer valued population monotonic allocation scheme and it gives an example of a seven-person integer valued game that has only noninteger valued population monotonic allocation schemes. 相似文献
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12.
The analysis of single-valued solution concepts, providing payoffs to players for the grand coalition only, has a long tradition. Opposed to most of this literature we analyze allocation scheme rules, which assign payoffs to all players in all coalitions. We introduce several closely related allocation scheme rules, each resulting in a population monotonic allocation scheme (PMAS) whenever the underlying coalitional game with transferable utilities has a PMAS. Monotonicities, which measure the payoff difference for a player between two nested coalitions, are the driving force. These monotonicities can best be compared with the excesses in the definition of the (pre-)nucleolus. Variants are obtained by considering different domains and/or different collections of monotonicities. We deal with nonemptiness, uniqueness, and continuity, followed by an analysis of conditions for (some of) the rules to coincide. We then focus on characterizing the rules in terms of subbalanced weights. Finally, we deal with computational issues. 相似文献
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14.
赵志泉 《技术经济与管理研究》2012,(7):80-83
战略联盟是企业间以价值链为纽带,以核心能力为基础展开的同盟搏弈.国内外学者对战略联盟的解释多借助于价值链理论、交易费用理论、博弈论和网络战略理论.尽管学界对战略联盟的生命周期少有论及,但作为“市场化组织”,战略联盟与其他生物体一样,具有自己的生命周期.论文根据战略联盟演绎进程和阶段性工作重点的差异,将其分为酝酿与组建期、震荡与磨合期、规范运作与联盟任务执行期以及联盟的解散与“升华”四个阶段,各阶段工作中心不同,风险存在差异.战略联盟具有“竞合”性质,联盟成员间合作博弈和非合作博弈共存.联盟成员的机会主义和欺诈悖德行为贯穿联盟始终,危及联盟存续,所以要提高联盟绩效,就必须加强联盟生命周期不同阶段的风险管理. 相似文献
15.
层级结构合作博弈、帕累托改善悖论和中国经济制度变迁 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以影响控制经济各个因素的作用的次序判断,1978年之前中国的经济制度为行政组织-法律道德因素-市场组织的层级结构,1984年为行政组织-市场组织-法律道德因素,2004年为市场组织-行政组织-法律道德因素,目前正向市场组织-法律道德因素-行政组织的层级结构变迁,且变迁的前两阶段为帕累托改善.但是经济制度变迁的层级结构合作博弈模型揭示:此利益结构变化平稳的变迁的难度将逐渐增大,并可能受到各种人为因素的扭曲、干扰和阻挠,陷入帕累托改善悖论. 相似文献
16.
循环产业集群是低碳经济背景下最佳产业组织模式,对实现国民经济的可持续发展具有重要意义。文章分析了循环产业集群的内涵及功能特征,指出循环产业集群模式是当前中国产业经济与生态环境和谐发展的现实选择。作为一种高级的产业组织模式,循环产业集群的构成是极为复杂的,实际的运行存在着很多变数,这其中由于联盟利益分配不均的原因而导致循环产业集群供应链运作低效率,甚至解体的实际风险尤为突出,利润分配机制是循环产业集群高效率运作和持久存在的关键。针对这一问题,本文运用多人合作对策博弈论构建循环产业集群联盟利益分配模型,并进行相应的数理分析。结果表明,由于合作对策模型体现了各联盟企业之间的相互影响(竞争与合作),分配结果较传统方法更为合理,可以较好地平衡循环产业集群内各企业的利益关系,增强循环产业集群共生联盟的稳定性。 相似文献
17.
The initiating points of the current paper are the axiomatic characterizations, in terms of consistency, of the equal allocation of nonseparable cost value (by Moulin), the Shapley value (by Hart and Mas-Colell), and the prenucleolus (by Orshan). The basic axioms are the same, but three different reduced games can be used to distinguish these three solutions. The main purpose of the paper is to illustrate that besides the definitions of reduced games are different, the axiom converse consistency also plays an important role to distinguish these three solutions. 相似文献
18.
既有大型公建节能改造中的进化博弈论分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
运用进化稳定策略为核心的进化博弈方法,对目前我国既有大型公共建筑节能改造工作进行研究,分析得出政府与产权方之间在节能改造问题中的进化博弈解。 相似文献
19.
从交易费用看农村信用社的制度选择--为合作制正名 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
从交易费用的角度看,合作制对于降低农村信贷市场交易费用具有明显的优势,是一种适合我国当前农村经济实际的金融产权制度.而我国农信社之所以问题严重,是在于目前的合作制是一种变异的合作制,以及建立在这种变异合作制之上的不合理的治理结构,导致了运行中较高的交易费用.文章提出,真正落实合作制才是农信社改革的方向,只有这样才能为农户提供一个融资便利的机制,使农信社服务于\"三农\",促进农村经济的发展. 相似文献
20.
产业集群是技术创新的有效载体,二者之间存在互动关系。基于装备制造业产业集群中以核心制造企业为主体的集群特征,构建了集群企业研发合作网络\"三层次五要素\"模型,并从网络链接和资源组织角度,分析了集群企业各类研发合作模式的特点及效应,探讨了辽宁促进装备制造产业集群企业研发合作的对策建议。 相似文献