论提升我国税制的国际竞争力:基于对外贸易的视角

税制竞争力是对税收竞争研究的延续、拓展和提升。然而,货物贸易的出口退税不彻底、政策频繁调整、服务贸易不能出口退税、税制的国际协调能力亟待加强等原因,严重制约了我国对外贸易税制的竞争力。因此,应以提高税制竞争力为目标,促进我国对外贸易税制的科学发展,从统一营业税与增值税、完善出口退税制度和加强税制的国际协调能力三个方面着手进行改革。     

我国房地产税制优化研究

近年来,随着房地产行业的快速发展,我国现行的房地产税制存在着许多亟须解决的问题,严重阻碍房地产行业的健康发展,本文从我国房地产税制现状分析入手,引入税制优化理论,提出我国现行房地产税制存在的问题,借鉴国际经验,优化和选择适合的房地产税制。     

优化地方税制结构的设想

本文在分析当前我国地方税制结构及地方税收规模的基础上,论述了优化地方税制结构的必要性与迫切性,并根据我国国情,借鉴国际经验,具体阐述了优化我国地方税制的几点构想。     

我国个人所得税税制模式改革研究

在我国新一轮税制改革方案中,已经将个人所得税的改革方向定位于＂实行综合和分类相结合的个人所得税制＂。本文从个人所得税税制模式的问题现状入手,借鉴国际经验,结合我国的具体情况,对我国个人所得税税制模式的改革方向以及方案进行了一系列探讨。     

房地产税制国际比较研究

本文针对中国房地产税制的现状和存在的主要问题,通过从房地产税所占比重、税制类型、税制要素以及税种选择四个角度简要进行国际比较,提出我国房地产税制可以借鉴的五条国际经验：即征收统一的房地产税、建立基于价值的不动产评估体系、不断提升税收征管的科技含量、将房地产税制设计纳入整个税收体系改革以及按照＂宽税基、低税率、严征管＂的原则推动房地产税制改革,进而对我国房地产税制改革提出相应的建议。     

刍议我国证券税制的改革

本文研究分析了当前我国证券税制的现状和不足,在借鉴国际经验的基础上提出了适合我国国情的证券税制的改革方案,并对当前一些有关证券税制改革的观点提出了笔者的看法。     

加入WTO后我国面临国际税收竞争的挑战与对策

国际税收竞争既可能推动经济的发展，也可能阻碍经济的发展。我国加入WTO后，国际税收竞争对我国税收主权的完整、现行税制的效用以及税款的征收提出了挑战。为此，我国应积极参入国际税收协调、推进税制改革以及加速反避税工作。     

银行业税制研究

本文通过深入分析目前我国银行税负的状况,在对我国银行业与其他行业、外资银行以及国际金融业税负比较的基础上,归纳出我国银行税制目前存在的主要问题并据此提出改革我国银行税制的具体设想。     

中国金融税制现代化之法律思考

从中国金融税制的历史发展着手,通过对金融税制国际经验与特点进行考察和比较,充分借鉴国内外已有的研究基础与立法经验,结合我国金融税制的现状,分析其存在的问题,以促进金融业和国民经济的发展、保证国家财政收入、符合国际惯例为基本原则,提出我国金融税制的改革和立法完善的建议,以实现金融税制的现代化。     

浅析我国航运保险

改革开放30余年来,我国的经济发展取得举世瞩目的成就,30年来高速增长的经济和外贸为我国的航运业发展创造了绝佳的机遇。航运保险作为航运业的重要支撑,连续多年保持稳步上升态势。但是,我国航运保险的发展状况与巨大的航运需求及国际航运业相比,发展空间还很大,可以说,目前我国的航运保险发展的机遇与挑战并存。本文将阐述我国航运保险发展现状及特点,分析制约航运保险发展的主要因素,并具体探讨了发展我国航运保险的对策。     

Debt and Taxes and Uncertainty

With a graduated personal tax schedule, Miller showed that there could be an equilibrium debt supply for the corporate sector as a whole. In the presence of uncertainty there is also a unique debt/equity ratio for each individual firm, and this ratio is related to the firm's operational risk characteristics. However, if firms merge and spin off in response to tax incentives, the identity of firms is ambiguous and only the corporate sector is a meaningful construct. These arguments are developed in both discrete and continuous models that employ extensions of the arbitrage-free pricing theory.     

教育与资本怎样的前景怎样的现实

来自政府的声音: "动员各种社会资源,发展教育" 此次论坛上财政部长助理张少春的发言是最受关注的发言之一.他的演讲传达出的信息有这样几方面:第一,谈到现实,他认为全社会对教育的巨大需求与我国公共投入不足已成为我国教育事业发展的突出矛盾.近年来,以公共部门投入为主,多渠道筹措教育经费的教育投入机制成为解决这一问题的重要途径,也使得公共部门与私营部门在教育领域的合作日益密切.第二,谈到前景,他认为,1.中国经济持续、快速的增长对高技能人才产生巨大的需求,这为私营部门的参与提供了广阔空间.2.随着公共财政职能的不断完善,财政资金将在各项教育事业中重新进行分配,进一步优化财政支出结构,提高资金的使用效率.在"十一五"期间,我国将把公共支出的重点转移到农村.我们将逐步把全体农村适龄儿童的义务教育全部纳入公共财政体制.     

Director gender and mergers and acquisitions

Does director gender influence CEO empire building? Does it affect the bid premium paid for target firms? Less overconfident female directors less overestimate merger gains. As a result, firms with female directors are less likely to make acquisitions and if they do, pay lower bid premia. Using acquisition bids by S&P 1500 companies during 1997–2009 we find that each additional female director is associated with 7.6% fewer bids, and each additional female director on a bidder board reduces the bid premium paid by 15.4%. Our findings support the notion that female directors help create shareholder value through their influence on acquisition decisions. We also discuss other possible interpretations of our findings.     

Political corruption and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between political corruption and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that local corruption increases firm acquisitiveness but decreases firm targetiveness. The levels of corruption in acquirer areas relate positively to the bid premiums and negatively to the likelihood of deal completion. Corruption motivates acquiring firms to use excess cash for payment, which mitigates the negative effect of corruption on acquirer shareholder value. The evidence indicates that acquisitions help acquiring firms convert cash into hard-to-extract assets and relocate assets from the high to low corruption areas, thereby shielding their liquid assets from expropriation by local officials.     

Trust and cross-border mergers and acquisitions

A number of studies suggest that social trust matters for investment. Using different measures of trust from World Values Survey, we show that countries where people display higher levels of trust engage in more cross-border M&A activities. When they do, these acquirers pay lower premiums. To the extent that these acquirers also tend to engage in larger acquisitions as well, our findings suggest that a larger selection pool of potential targets and higher value targets enable these acquirers to negotiate for lower premiums. We do not find evidence of the significant effect for target country trust levels. Hence, trust may benefit those acquiring firms in cross-border transactions.     

Tournament-based incentives and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between tournament-based incentives, which are proxied by the difference between a firm's CEO pay and the median pay of the senior managers, and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that tournament-based incentives are positively related to firm acquisitiveness and acquiring firms' stock and operating performance. Further analysis indicates that positive acquisition performance increases the likelihood of the CEO being promoted from inside the acquiring firm. Our evidence is consistent with the view that tournament-based incentives motivate acquiring firms' managers to make greater efforts and take more risk that result in superior acquisition performance.     

Corporate Innovations and Mergers and Acquisitions

Using a large and unique patent‐merger data set over the period 1984 to 2006, we show that companies with large patent portfolios and low R&D expenses are acquirers, while companies with high R&D expenses and slow growth in patent output are targets. Further, technological overlap between firm pairs has a positive effect on transaction incidence, and this effect is reduced for firm pairs that overlap in product markets. We also show that acquirers with prior technological linkage to their target firms produce more patents afterwards. We conclude that synergies obtained from combining innovation capabilities are important drivers of acquisitions.     

East and west and north and south : A preliminary model

The Brandt report and other proposals for a new North-South world order continue to be the focus of lively debate, yet it is often argued that little concrete has emerged from their recommendations. A major reason for this, the author argues, is that the East-West conflict component is not sufficiently taken into consideration-East-West tensions are a severe constraint on and a determining factor of North-South relations. Using influence diagrams, the author develops a flexible framework for discussion and assessment of N/S-E/W relations.