创新网络知识转移对企业创新绩效的影响

创新网络知识转移对企业开展合作创新、提升创新绩效具有重要推动作用,探索式创新、利用式创新是企业成功变革和维持现有优势的保障,有利于提高企业创新绩效。基于资源依赖理论,构建了以双元创新(探索式创新、利用式创新)为中介变量的知识转移对企业创新绩效影响的概念模型,并基于526份中国企业样本数据进行了实证检验。研究结果表明：①创新网络知识转移对探索式创新和利用式创新均具有显著正向影响;②创新网络知识转移对企业创新绩效有显著正向影响;③探索式创新、利用式创新对企业创新绩效都有显著正向影响,且二者之间的匹配更有助于提升企业创新绩效;④探索式创新、利用式创新在知识转移和企业创新绩效之间发挥部分中介作用。     

跨国并购中的知识治理模式选择：双元创新视角

就创新资源寻求型跨国并购而言,知识治理在激励目标方知识员工中发挥重要作用,促成其自愿留任、服务于企业创新战略,但理论研究尚缺乏对如何进行知识治理的解释。基于知识治理研究框架,选择4个具有代表性的成功案例,对跨国并购中双元创新和知识治理过程进行总结、提炼。研究发现,双元创新方式影响知识治理模式选择,企业在并购整合中采取开发性和探索性创新并重以及侧重二者其一的3种双元创新方式,并形成对应的混合型、威权型和合作型3种知识治理模式。双元创新方式对知识治理模式的影响路径为双元创新方式决定知识治理目标,而治理目标决定治理机制组合;影响机理为正式、非正式治理机制分别与开发性和探索性创新特征更为匹配,因此并重或侧重型双元创新须选择与之对应的机制组合。     

Technology capabilities,marketing capabilities and innovation ambidexterity

Linking the literature of resource-based view (RBV) with ambidexterity, we construct an integrative framework of technology capabilities, marketing capabilities, innovation ambidexterity, and organisational performance. Using data from a sample of 190 Chinese hospitals, we find that both technology capabilities and marketing capabilities have an inverse U-shape relationship with innovation ambidexterity. And they can complementarily improve innovation ambidexterity, which further enhances organisational performance. This study deepens our understanding of RBV and ambidexterity by investigating the antecedent roles of technological and marketing capabilities on innovation ambidexterity. We also investigate their interactive role on improving innovation ambidexterity.     

The impact of exploration and exploitation learning on organisational innovativeness among hospitals: an open innovation view

This study tries to explore the impact of exploration and exploitation learning on organisational innovativeness among health service organisations from an open innovation view. We developed several constructs including realised absorptive capacity (RACAP), breadth and depth of external knowledge acquisition and tried to explore the roles of these constructs in the influence process of organisational learning on organisational innovativeness. The mail survey was used to collect research data from top hospital managers in Taiwan. The overall valid response rate was 44.23%. We applied a structural equation model to test the research hypothesis. Results indicated the breadth and depth of external knowledge acquisition would affect organisational innovativeness through RACAP. Exploration learning had a directly positive influence on RACAP and also had an indirect impact through the mediation of breadth and depth of external knowledge acquisition among health service organisations.     

Exploration or exploitation of knowledge from universities: does it make a difference?

In the first step, based on the existing theoretical and empirical literature, we develop a series of hypotheses with respect to the relative importance of possible determinants of exploration and exploitation of knowledge in collaboration with universities and test them on Swiss firm data. In the second step, we investigate the impact on innovation performance of knowledge exploration versus knowledge exploitation. We obtain a clear pattern of the differences between firms that are engaged both in exploitative and explorative activities (‘exploration’-oriented firms) and purely ‘exploitation’-oriented firms. We find that exploration-oriented firms have a greater knowledge absorptive capacity, are technologically more diverse and are strongly exposed to intensive non-price competition compared with exploitation-oriented firms. We further find a positive effect on innovation performance for exploitation-oriented firms but not for those that were exploration oriented.     

In search of parents’ knowledge for joint venture’s innovation

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the concept of dynamic capabilities from the knowledge-based perspective, including knowledge relatedness and knowledge learning, and to investigate the dynamic capabilities on innovation performance in joint venture. Negative binomial regression is used to test the hypotheses in a panel data of 183 joint venture cases. Significant relationships are found between dynamic capabilities and innovation performance. Moreover, the moderating roles of parent patents granted before, parent knowledge diversity and joint venture knowledge diversity are recognised and are hypothesised as positively moderating the effect of knowledge relatedness on innovation performance, but parent patents granted before and joint venture knowledge diversity are hypothesised as negatively tending to moderate the effect of knowledge learning on innovation performance. The findings support our prediction and policy implications are discussed.     

吸收能力、知识整合对组织知识与技术转移绩效的影响——以珠三角地区为实证

在科技、经济全球化与知识经济的背景下,技术转移已成为推动技术创新和技术进步的重要手段。本文基于组织学习理论,认为培育一定程度的吸收能力,并将所获得的知识进行整合,有助于组织知识与技术转移绩效的提升。本文以珠三角地区102家高科技企业作为研究对象,以问卷调查统计分析方法探讨吸收能力、知识整合对组织知识与转移绩效的影响。研究结果表明,吸收能力对知识整合有显著的直接正相关关系,吸收能力与知识整合对技术转移绩效有一定的影响。但是,企业若能对引进的技术进行消化吸收,将外部技术转化为企业组织自身的知识(技术),将能更好地提升技术转移绩效。     

Research into ambidextrous R&D in product development – new product development at a precision device maker: a case study

Through research into new product development processes at a precision device maker, this paper discusses the skilful management of knowledge boundaries that lie between various organisations, and between specialised human skills and functions that make up a project organisation, and presents the ways in which new organisational capabilities are brought about for the development of new products as exploratory activities that dynamically merge and integrated the various knowledge within a company. This paper describes some of the implications derived from analysis and observations of the new organisational forms of the company's ambidextrous R&D management which the company uses to engage in both ‘uncertainty management (exploration)’ and ‘existing product management (exploitation)’, through the partnering of its existing formal organisations and dynamic structuring of diverse multifunctional teams formed as projects spanning different specialisations and capabilities.     

Boundaries innovation through knowledge convergence-developing triad strategic communities

This paper discusses the process of implementing a micro innovation strategy for the development of the company’s mainstay business at present (incremental innovation) and a future growth strategy (radical innovation) in an age when there are dramatic changes in the environment and the future is hard to predict from the perspective of boundaries innovation that the company should implement based on the creation of boundaries knowledge and convergence knowledge. To implement knowledge convergence processes, outstanding companies dynamically establish various project teams and diverse mixed teams, which are strategic communities, as well as network organisations that integrate these teams and continually generate new boundaries innovation. The paper presents a theoretical framework, a detailed case study, and new insights regarding combination of exploration and exploitation through triadic strategic community formations for boundaries innovation strategies where dynamic strategic communities that overcome and transcend various boundaries create boundaries knowledge from various different types of knowledge and dynamically converge these different types of knowledge to create new convergence knowledge (such as the development of new products and services and the development of new business models, etc.).     

Energy,knowledge and economic growth

It is argued that the explosive growth experienced in much of the World since the middle of the 19th Century is due to the exploitation and use of fossil fuels which, in turn, was made possible by capital good innovations that enabled this source of energy to be used effectively. Economic growth is viewed as the outcome autocatalytic co-evolution of energy use and the application of new knowledge associated with energy use. It is argued that models of economic growth should be built from innovation diffusion processes, unfolding in history, rather than from a timeless aggregate production function. A simple ‘evolutionary macroeconomic’ model of economic growth is developed and tested using almost two centuries of British data. The empirical findings strongly support the hypothesis that growth has been due to the presence of a ‘super-radical innovation diffusion process’ following the industrial deployment of fossil fuels on a large scale in the 19th Century. Also, the evidence suggests that large and sustained movements in energy prices have had a very significant long term role to play.     

Developing exploitative and exploratory capabilities through capitalising on alliance orientation

ABSTRACT

Researchers suggest that firms should acquire resources from external environments by adopting alliances to enhance their abilities in developing their core value-creating capabilities. However, the question of how to manage alliances effectively through organisational development in exploitation and exploration capabilities has not yet been examined in detail. Using primary data obtained from 159 R&D managers in Taiwan's electronics industry, this study focuses on the specific mechanisms of alliance orientation (AO) and examines its impact on the development of exploitative and exploratory capabilities. We find that AO enables firms to improve their exploitative and exploratory capabilities. Furthermore, unabsorbed slack resources strengthen the positive effects of AO on exploratory capabilities, while market uncertainty weakens the benefits of AO in both exploitative and exploratory capabilities. The positive effects of AO on exploratory capabilities are also weakened by technological uncertainty. These findings provide strategic insight into strategic alliances and the capability development of firms.     

The mediating roles of governance mechanisms and knowledge transfer on the relationship between specific investments and cooperative innovation performance

This study seeks to understand the influence of specific investments (SIs) to cooperative innovation performance (CIP) by examining the mediating roles of knowledge transfer (KT) and governance mechanisms (GMs), including formal contracts (FCs) and relational trust (RT). A sample of 238 projects is used to test the proposed model through structural equation modelling. The results show SIs act indirectly through RT to influence CIP. KT plays a mediating role between the two GMs and CIP. Moreover, the results suggest that the mediating effect of KT between FCs and performance is full; however its effect between RT and performance is only partial, and the mediating effect of RT between SIs and performance is also partial.     

Transfer sciences: management of distributed knowledge production

This paper is concerned to develop the notion of transfer science to take account of what is perceived to be the emergence of a new mode of knowledge production. The new mode which is characterised by the production of knowledge in the context of application, by transdisciplinarity, by homogeneity and organisational diversity, by enhanced social accountability and reflexivity, and by new forms of quality control. The thrust of the new mode of knowledge production is to call into question conventional notions of knowledge transfer and focuses instead on the organisational and managerial implications of the emergence of a socially distributed knowledge production system. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the policy implications of the emergence of the new mode of production. Needed in the new mode are science and technology policies which promote institutional permeability and policies which enable governments, acting through their civil service to act as brokers in the new knowledge production process. Such brokerage is necessary to enhance permeability between institutions within a particular country but also to increase co-operation and collaboration between institutions across countries.     

关系质量对企业知识创造绩效的作用机理：一个被调节的中介模型

基于嵌入性视角，分别引入知识转移、合作模式作为中介变量和调节变量，深入探究关系质量影响企业知识创造绩效的内在机理。利用277份来自全国多地的制造业及高新技术企业调查问卷，采用多元回归方法进行实证研究。结果表明：经济型和社会型关系质量均正向影响企业知识创造绩效；社会型关系质量通过元素知识和架构知识转移正向影响企业知识创造绩效。在契约治理模式下，经济型关系质量更倾向于通过元素知识转移正向影响企业知识创造绩效；在股权治理模式下，社会型关系质量更倾向于通过架构知识转移正向影响企业知识创造绩效。     

惯例复制和环境宽容性中介调节下的人力资本与知识转移

基于知识基础观理论，实证检验了环境容忍度影响下，专才和通才两种角色特性、惯例复制与知识转移之间的内在联系。对246家知识密集型企业样本数据进行分析，结果表明：专才型人力资本与通才型人力资本均对知识转移绩效具有显著正向影响，并且惯例复制在这一过程中发挥部分中介作用；环境宽容性负向调节惯例复制在专才型人力资本与知识转移之间的中介作用，存在被调节的中介效应；环境宽容性负向调节惯例复制在通才型人力资本与知识转移之间的中介作用，存在被调节的中介效应。     

Beyond product innovation: deciphering process-oriented innovators,complementarities and performance effects

Relatively little attention has been paid to the understanding of process innovation, compared to the well-researched product innovation. This paper contributes to improve our understanding of process innovation and its specific process capabilities and performance by exploring, across many industries, 4,608 process-oriented innovators. Process innovation is defined as adoption of technologically new or significantly improved production methods, including changes in equipment, organisation or methods of product delivery. Process-oriented innovators or process seekers are those firms which usually only introduce process innovation, and no product innovation. These have received less attention by scholars. Results show that process innovation without also organisational innovation complements constrains innovative performance. Complex process-based innovation complementarities result from the simultaneous development and integration of new machinery and organisational innovations.     

高校课堂教学中知识转移影响因素及过程分析

知识转移是近年来企业创新研究的方向之一,课堂教学也是一种知识转移的过程,运用知识转移相关理论对高校课堂教学提高教学效果具有参考意义,教师、学生、转移的知识、教师与学生的距离对提高知识转移的效果、促进教学相长具有重要影响。     

What turns knowledge into innovative products? The role of entrepreneurship and knowledge spillovers

The knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship seeks to explain the fundamentals and consequences of entrepreneurship with respect to economic performance. This paper uses the knowledge spillover theory to explain different innovation outcomes. We hypothesize that a high rate of entrepreneurship facilitates the process of turning knowledge into new-to-the-market innovation but has no effect on the relationship between knowledge and new-to-the-firm innovation. Our results using European country-level and pooled OLS, fixed- and random-effects regressions show that a high rate of entrepreneurship increases the chances that knowledge will become new-to-the-market innovation. The findings highlight the importance of Schumpeterian entrepreneurship in the process of the commercialization of knowledge. We discuss the implications for entrepreneurship and innovation policy.     

高绩效工作系统、知识共享 与员工创造力关系的实证研究

如今，中国企业越来越难以依赖规模化和低成本立足于竞争市场，需要更多地借助于创新这一利器以获取持续的竞争优势。员工创造力是企业创新能力的核心构成部分，是企业不断发展壮大的源泉。本文运用战略性人力资源管理理论、创造力成分理论以及组织学习理论，探究高绩效工作系统、知识共享及员工创造力三者间的关系。实证研究结论表明，我国企业的高绩效工作系统对员工创造力有显著的正向作用，知识共享在两者的关系中发挥了中介作用。     

Knowledge diffusion and knowledge transfer revisited: two sides of the medal

Understanding the way in which knowledge is interpersonally transferred and how it diffuses over time is of exceptional importance for the economic performance of a society. Although this insight is not new, the link between knowledge transfer and knowledge diffusion so far has not been picked out as a central theme in the relevant research field but instead it seems that it has been treated as a theme on the fringes yet. This paper mainly argues, first, that the speed of knowledge diffusion as well as the shape of the cumulative knowledge diffusion function is governed in most instances by knowledge transfer mechanisms. Second, these knowledge transfer mechanisms differ within and between heterophilic groups who participate in the knowledge transfer process. By perfectly disentangling between and within knowledge transfer mechanisms, the paper in general tries to uncover the link between knowledge diffusion and knowledge transfer within a dynamic model which is embedded in a stochastic environment. The model is able to replicate both, symmetric as well as asymmetric cumulative knowledge diffusion patterns. This is certainly an appealing attribute of the model, because from an empirical point of view there is no clear evidence for the existence of purely symmetric cumulative knowledge diffusion curves. Further, the model can be used directly for empirical investigations.