Roadmapping for prioritisation of smartphone feature requirements based on user experiences

Since the life cycle of smartphones is becoming shorter, users are demanding new and improved smartphone features for updated smartphones, but it is difficult to know which features are the most important to users. In Internet user communities, users increasingly review smartphone functions and share information about their experiences such as complaints, problems, and satisfaction, and these user experiences have been fruitful sources for manufacturers that lead to smartphone improvements. Focusing on these user experiences, this paper proposes a systematic roadmapping process including prioritisation of smartphone feature requirements. By prioritising smartphone feature requirements, new and improved versions of smartphones that reflect user needs can be planned based on a product–market roadmap. The systematic approach consists of three parts: user-driven quality function deployment (QFD), a frequent pattern (FP)-tree algorithm, and a product–market roadmap. First, we collected data extracted from text mining in Internet user communities to construct a user-driven QFD. Second, using user experiences related to smartphone features, we applied the FP-tree algorithm to algorithmically derive a priority list of smartphone feature requirements. Finally, based on the result of the FP-tree of smartphones, we proposed guidelines to construct a product–market roadmap. It is expected that a versioning strategy can be formulated through this prioritised product–market roadmap. Furthermore, covering each step from data collection to roadmapping, this study suggests a systematic process for prioritisation of smartphone feature requirements based on user experiences.     

开放式创新社区中用户参与创新对企业社区创新绩效的影响——社会网络视角

互联网技术能够促进开放式创新社区发展,但部分社区未给予企业相应回报。基于社会网络视角,构建开放式创新社区下社会网络、用户参与创新与企业创新绩效关系模型,探讨社区网络内部各维度间的联系及其对用户创新参与行为的影响,以及用户创新参与行为对企业社区创新绩效的影响,并以小米MIUI社区为例进行实证分析。结果表明,开放式创新社区中社会网络三维度相互影响,关系维度对用户创新参与行为有促进作用,认知维度对行为深度具有正向影响,对行为广度具有消极影响。此外,行为深度对企业社区创新绩效有促进作用,但行为广度与企业社区创新绩效无关。     

用户参与企业产品创新的系统管理机制

用户参与是技术创新理论中一个非常重要的研究领域,在新产品开发过程中,用户作为价值创造者的作用已经受到学者和企业家的重视.用户参与产品创新,可以拓展企业创新源、为企业赢得持续竞争优势和提高新产品开发效率.如何有效地获取用户资源,将这一资源充分整合在新产品的开发过程中,且能够成功将产品推向市场,这是用户参与产品创新的关键.本文研究了如何系统管理用户参与新产品开发的过程,认为企业需要进行相应的组织安排和制度设计;需要构建用户参与产品创新的支持系统;需要控制用户参与新产品开发的过程.     

Analysis of open innovation communities from the perspective of social network analysis

Open innovation is an emergent paradigm by which organisations make use of their internal and external resources to perform their innovation processes. The growth of information and communication technologies has facilitated the spread of online open innovation communities, where users can share ideas as well as comment on and evaluate ideas posted by other community members. In this work, the behaviour of community members is analysed from the perspective of social network analysis. The final aim is twofold: first, to measure to what extent the different forms of participation are correlated to each other; and, second, how the collective intelligence evaluation schemes can be useful to identify those users posting ideas which are potentially applicable for the organisation. Obtained results can help community managers and organisations to improve the efficiency of the evaluation process when hundreds or thousands of ideas are shared through the online community.     

产品创新中用户参与的动力机制研究

用户参与是企业创新理论中一个非常重要的研究领域,在产品创新过程中,用户作为价值创造者的作用已经受到学者和企业家的重视。用户参与产品创新,可以为企业带来更多的收益和市场机会。分析了用户参与企业产品创新的外部和内部动力。体验经济时代的到来、互联网技术的兴起和市场竞争的不断加剧是企业吸纳用户参与产品创新的外部动力,提高企业产品创新的绩效和获取企业产品创新的市场竞争优势是企业吸纳用户参与的产品创新的外部动力,内外部动力的相互作用,使企业迫切需要引入用户资源。拓展了对于理解用户在产品创新中的作用的视野,为企业有效利用用户资源提供了参考。     

企业开放式创新社区在线用户贡献度研究

企业开放式创新社区是一种基于Internet的虚拟创新平台,能为企业创新提供丰富的用户生成内容UGC。为了帮助企业有效管理社区用户及其UGC,首先基于开放式创新理论,以星巴克的开放式创新社区为例,通过4个用户行为衡量指标（Ideas_submitted、Ideas_points、Comments_submitted和Comments_received）对用户样本进行聚类分析。然后,从用户对企业创新的贡献度和对社区互动的贡献度两个维度分析具有不同行为特征的在线用户对企业的贡献,进而得出6种不同类型的用户角色,以期在丰富理论研究的同时指导企业开放式创新社区的用户管理实践。     

用户价值共创过程中的创造力形成机制

基于社会认知理论,将"创造性自我效能感"和"积极情绪体验"作为中介变量,从用户心理的角度,深入分析了用户在线参与服务创新推动自身创造力提升的内在驱动机制,并构建了创新氛围、创造性自我效能感、积极情绪对用户创造力影响的概念模型。利用对307位有过或经常参与企业虚拟社区在线创新活动的用户进行问卷调查的数据进行实证研究。结果显示:用户在线参与企业虚拟社区服务创新过程中,宽松、自由、互动和充分授权的创新氛围对激发用户的"创造性自我效能感"、获得参与的"积极情绪体验"有显著的正向影响;"创造性自我效能感"对用户创造力的提升有显著的正向影响。     

Customer preferences versus managerial decision-making in open innovation communities: the case of Starbucks

Customers can participate in open innovation communities posting innovation ideas, which in turn can receive comments and votes from the rest of the community, highlighting user preferences. However, the final decision about implementing innovations corresponds to the company. This paper is focused on the customers' activity in open innovation communities. The aim is to identify the main topics of customers' interests in order to compare these topics with managerial decision-making. The results obtained reveal first that both votes and comments can be used to predict user preferences; and second, that customers tend to promote those innovations by reporting more comfort and benefits. In contrast, managerial decisions are more focused on the distinctive features associated with the brand image.     

数字化情境下用户参与产品创新组态效应研究——基于TOE框架的fsQCA分析

在颇具挑战性的数字化时代,用户成为企业获取持续创新优势的重要源泉,如何激发用户参与产品创新成为企业创新管理亟待解决的重要问题。基于TOE框架,采用fsQCA方法,分析数字技术应用、产品技术创新、组织职能协调、用户创新能力、同侪竞争效应和用户参与产品创新的组态效应及相互关系。通过对93家用户参与产品创新企业数据的分析,结果表明：存在市场驱动型、驱动市场型和数字驱动型3种高用户参与产品创新条件组态,具有多重并发性,遵循殊途同归原则;在企业开展用户参与产品创新过程中,用户创新能力、数字技术应用两个前因条件相对重要;高用户参与产品创新的条件组态与非高用户参与产品创新的条件组态存在因果非对称性。     

Systems of innovation and innovation ecosystems: a literature review in search of complementarities

This paper aims to clarify to what extent the emerging theory of innovation ecosystems (IE) and the theory of systems of innovation (SI) are complementary and then identify how its communities could benefit from cross-fertilization. We performed a critical literature review of both topics using meta-synthesis as method to identify, analyze and compare the two theories. Using a framework, this paper explores the elements belonging to each theory’s domain, in order to identify the key factors necessary to compare the two theories. The results of this analysis show that both theories involve the assessment of three key aspects: the understanding of innovation activities, the role of the agents involved, and the interaction and resulting networks among them. A similarity was found showing that these two different theories are applications of System Thinking approach. Another finding, which has not been mentioned in previous research on the topic, is that the construction of the initial concepts of the IE theory was originally rooted in several SI elements. Finally, we found key factors that may be the cross-fertilization link between the two communities that represent each theory.     

Learning pathways for energy supply technologies: Bridging between innovation studies and learning rates

Understanding and supporting learning for different emerging low carbon energy supply technology fields is a key issue for policymakers, investors and researchers. A range of contrasting analytical approaches are available: energy system modelling using learning rates provides abstracted, quantitative and output oriented accounts, while innovation studies research offers contextualised, qualitative and process oriented accounts. Drawing on research literature and expert consultation on learning for several different emerging energy supply technologies, this paper introduces a ‘learning pathways’ matrix to help bridge between the rich contextualisation of innovation studies and the systematic comparability of learning rates. The learning pathways matrix characterises technology fields by their relative orientation to radical or incremental innovation, and to concentrated or distributed organisation. A number of archetypal learning pathways are outlined to help learning rates analyses draw on innovation studies research, so as to better acknowledge the different niche origins and learning dynamics of emerging energy supply technologies. Finally, a future research agenda is outlined, based on socio-technical learning scenarios for accelerated energy innovation.     

社会资本视角下开放式创新平台用户行为研究

近年来，随着用户创新的不断发展，开放式创新平台越来越多地被企业用于收集用户创意。但目前，国内开放式创新平台实施状况并不理想，相关领域研究也存在空白。以美创平台为例，借助社会资本理论，采用社交网络分析方法对美创平台现有数据进行分析，挖掘平台认知性资本和结构性资本，并根据不同用户在交互过程中展现的特征（发布的创意数、对其他用户的评论数以及收到的评论数）对其进行分类。根据研究结果，将美创平台所有用户分成6类，并对美创平台提出相关建议，包括用户激励措施及管理策略。最后，对未来用户互动动机方面的研究进行了展望。     

“协同”抑或“侵蚀”：内外在激励对用户创新行为的影响研究

开放式创新社区日益成为企业获取创意的重要外部来源，因此激励用户参与社区内容创作的机理研究显得愈发重要。以“刺激-机体-反应”理论框架为基础，构建内、外在激励通过基本心理需要与和谐型激情影响用户创新行为的链式中介模型，探讨外在激励的边界作用。利用Bootstrap法与层次回归法对数据进行分析，研究表明：内、外在激励之间存在“侵蚀”效应，即外在激励负向调节内在激励对用户基本心理需要满足与和谐型激情的影响，自主需要、胜任需要与和谐型激情在内、外在激励与用户创新行为的间接影响中均起到简单中介作用，且胜任需要、关系需要与和谐型激情能够链式中介内、外在激励对用户创新行为的间接影响。本文进一步厘清了内、外在激励对用户创新行为影响的作用机制，对指导社区激励机制建设提供了参考意义。     

Commercializing Cleaner New Technologies: The Case of Microturbine Generators

Based on a study of the emerging microturbine industry, this paper argues that recent trends towards preventive and product-oriented industrial environmental management are problematic from the technology suppliers’ perspective. This is especially evident in the suppliers’ initial efforts to define markets and applications during early stages of commercialization. The distinction between product innovation driven by explicit or perceived user needs and innovation in environmental technology driven by regulatory demands has become blurred. This means that suppliers have had to interact simultaneously with both users and regulators in order to articulate the demand and acceptance for the new technology.     

Anticipating intended users: prospective sensemaking in technology development

How do developers and designers of a new technology make sense of intended users? The critical groundwork for user-centred technology development begins not by involving actual users’ exposure to the technological artefact but much earlier, with designers’ and developers’ vision of future users. Thus, anticipating intended users is critical to technology uptake. We conceptualise the anticipation of intended users as a form of prospective sensemaking in technology development. Employing a narrative analytical approach and drawing on four key communities in the development of Grid computing, we reconstruct how each community anticipated the intended Grid user. Based on our findings, we conceptualise user anticipation in terms of two key dimensions, namely the intended possibility to inscribe user needs into the technological artefact as well as the intended scope of the application domain. In turn, these dimensions allow us to develop an initial typology of intended user concepts that in turn might provide a key building bloc towards a generic typology of intended users.     

Electronic word-of-mouth communities from the perspective of social network analysis

This paper is focused on the identification of influencers that can have an important impact over the decision-making of other users. For this purpose, a popular electronic word-of-mouth community like Ciao.com has been modelled as a social network. Using social network analysis techniques, the existence of influencers is justified by the power law distribution of user participation, and then they are identified using their topological features within the social network. The obtained results reveal that influencers are not determined by the number of performed reviews, but by the variety or scope of their performed reviews and their central position in the consumer network. The main contribution of this research is the identification of influencers based on the participation features of community users. As a difference to other studies, results are not based on surveys or opinions, but on the trace users leave when they post opinions, comments or scores.     

Commercializing Cleaner New Technologies: The Case of Microturbine Generators

Based on a study of the emerging microturbine industry, this paper argues that recent trends towards preventive and product-oriented industrial environmental management are problematic from the technology suppliers' perspective. This is especially evident in the suppliers' initial efforts to define markets and applications during early stages of commercialization. The distinction between product innovation driven by explicit or perceived user needs and innovation in environmental technology driven by regulatory demands has become blurred. This means that suppliers have had to interact simultaneously with both users and regulators in order to articulate the demand and acceptance for the new technology.     

创新生态系统如何驱动企业微创新——一个组态视角的fsQCA分析

近年来,微创新是创新研究领域的热点,如何驱动企业微创新是相关研究亟需回答的问题。整合创新生态系统3个层面六大要素,运用模糊集定性比较分析（fsQCA）方法,以18个微创新案例为样本,探讨创新生态系统驱动企业微创新的复杂因果机制。结果发现：第一,单个创新生态系统要素并不构成企业高微创新的必要条件。第二,存在3条高微创新驱动路径,即机会识别主导下的用户驱动型、机会识别主导下的环境与用户参与驱动型,以及机会识别主导下的环境、组织学习与领先用户驱动型。此外,非高微创新驱动路径仅有一条,且与高微创新驱动路径存在非对称关系。第三,机会识别能力作为核心条件出现在高微创新的3个组态及非高微创新一个组态中,说明机会识别能力对企业微创新具有重要作用。     

虚拟社区中顾客参与对新产品开发绩效的影响——虚拟社会资本的调节作用

基于顾客参与、社会资本等理论,结合虚拟社区特性,研究虚拟社区中社会资本的3个维度对顾客参与和新产品开发绩效的调节作用。结果表明,虚拟社会资本中的结构资本正向调节交互式信息提供和新颖性之间的关系,认知资本负向调节在线参与创造和新颖性之间的关系,关系资本正向调节在线参与创造和上市速度之间的关系,其它则不具备显著调节作用。从理论上丰富了顾客参与对新产品开发绩效的影响机制研究,实践上可为企业通过虚拟社区实现交互式产品创新提供指导。     

Product classification to support approximate life-cycle assessment of design concepts

Many companies are beginning to change the way they develop products due to increasing awareness of sustainable development. Designers, who play a key role in product development, are being asked to incorporate environmental criteria into the design process. The need for analytically based conceptual design methods for integrated life-cycle assessment (LCA) has motivated the development of an approximate life-cycle assessment concept based upon learning algorithms. Although preliminary tests on general approximate models showed promise, it was observed that grouping products to create specialized learning surrogate LCA models for different classes of products might further improve results. This paper presents work to develop an automated classification system to support the specialization of surrogate LCA models for different groups of products. Hierarchical clustering is used to guide a systematic identification of product groups based upon environmental categories. These groupings are then used to create automated classification schemes using the C4.5 decision tree algorithm. Although further data are needed to induce good generalization performance, resulting product classification systems are considered to be a viable approach to support specialized learning surrogate LCA models for different classes of products.