科技型中小企业创新影响实证研究——以河北省为研究对象

本文旨在评估1999年实施科技型中小企业创新基金以来,受到过基金支持并成功通过验收的河北省科技型中小企业创新影响因素和创新绩效的关系。数据来自河北省的174家科技型中小企业,调查不同属性及创新因素影响下创新绩效的差异,探讨提高科技型中小企业创新绩效的因素组合,为政府制定更有针对性的扶持企业发展的创新政策提供决策参考。事实证明,科技型中小企业的创新活动局限于国内范围,主要目的在于改进质量、提高产量和技术水平。研究发现,河北省科技型中小企业技术主要从外部购买;自主研发技术(以下简称自有技术)企业的创新绩效并不好于购买技术的;创新战略与企业所处的竞争环境相适应的企业,总体而言绩效更好,它们具有更好的对环境判断和适应的能力,能够自主研发和创新,从而适应了新的市场经济。     

Direct and configurational paths of open innovation and organisational agility to business model innovation in SMEs

ABSTRACT

Discussions on opportunities and enablers have remained lacking despite the continued growth of business model innovation (BMI) research. In order to investigate the formation mechanism of BMI in small-medium enterprises (SMEs), we proposed an integrated model, which included factors derived from organisational internal resources and capabilities via the resource-based view (RBV) and dynamic capabilities view (DCV). Structural equation model (SEM) and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) were utilised to test the survey data collected from 245 SMEs in China. SEM results support the hypotheses, except that on the impact of outbound open innovation on market capitalising agility and on BMI. The fsQCA analysis revealed that four configurations of open innovations and organisational agilities can sufficiently explain high levels of BMI, and two configurations of these factors lead to low BMI. The theoretical and practical implications of such findings were also provided.     

Next generation entrepreneur: innovation strategy through Web 2.0 technologies in SMEs

This essay studies the diffusion/adoption of Web 2.0 technologies in small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs)’ innovation strategies and particularly in research, development, design and other innovation activities. It looks at the effects of these technologies on the evolution and the dynamics of firm's innovation capabilities and the implications of entrepreneurial turnover on the adoption of said technologies. The study is based on original fieldwork with some 130 SMEs. The author finds that a consistent share of SMEs is actively trying to fill the knowledge gap and integrate Web 2.0 technologies in their innovation strategies. SMEs are managing this integration by progressively adjusting their behaviour in reaction to the opportunities offered by the technology and balancing the dependence of the business from the web. Barriers to the adoption of such technologies are also discussed.     

中小企业创新问题研究——以江苏省为例

本文首先回顾了中小企业创新的相关文献,认为中小企业产权清晰,利润动机明确,具有强烈的创新动力,创新机制灵活,创新速度快、效益高。然后归纳了目前江苏省中小企业创新的现状,提出目前所面临的主要问题,包括创新资金投入不足,融资渠道不健全,创新设备、人才投入不足,创新动力机制不足,创新管理不完善,与外部的协作不够,宏观经济、产业环境有待进一步优化等。文章最后提出了相关的政策建议,以促进江苏省中小企业创新的发展,包括提高创新意识,建立中小企业自主创新的激励机制;建立健全创新支持服务体系,改变中小企业融资难状况;保护与激励自主知识产权,优化中小企业的创新环境;完善创新合作机制,实施有效的产学研合作等。     

中小企业商业模式创新的现实意义与实现途径

商业模式创新是中小企业转型升级的有效途径。商业模式诠释了公司价值的来源,是企业的主动选择,具有系统性、逻辑性、具体性、形象性和创新性等特色。中小企业商业模式以完善型和改变型为主,通过可分收入式模式、专业化模式、协作式模式创新以及有机融合,实现重新定义客户、重新定义服务、重新定义沟通、重新定义供应链构架等模式创新。商业模式创新的成功取决于创新途径的正确选择。要坚持能使企业发挥自身优势的细分市场来进行专业化经营,促进企业持久发展;培育中小企业商业模式创新的动力机制,营造良好的外部环境;促进中小企业电子商务向国际化、专业化与纵深化方向发展。     

Which factors hinder the adoption of open innovation in SMEs?

The literature on open innovation (OI) is characterised by studies based both on large companies and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Among all, one of the less explored issues in SMEs is what impedes them to adopt OI. Thus, this paper has the threefold objective to identify which factors hinder the adoption of OI in SMEs, to investigate if different behaviours exist among SMEs in relation to these factors, and to understand if the same factors effectively influence the level of adoption of OI. Based on a survey on 157 Italian SMEs, we identified four main barriers (namely, ‘knowledge’, ‘collaboration’, ‘organisational’, and ‘financial and strategic’) and three profiles of firms, different in terms of innovativeness of the industries they belong to (knowledge intensive, medium-innovative, and less innovative) and hampering factors perceived (‘knowledge’, ‘financial and strategic’, and ‘collaboration’ and ‘organisational’ barriers). Moreover, we found that some of these factors effectively impede the adoption of the paradigm.     

培育类产业政策对中小企业技术创新的影响

通过手工收集地方政府培育类政策并与2007—2019年中国中小板和创业板上市企业数据进行匹配，利用多期DID模型检验其对中小企业创新的影响。结果表明，培育类政策对中小企业创新起长期显著促进作用，但政府认定次数增加并不能推动中小企业创新由量转质的飞跃。进一步地，培育类政策可通过激发创新意愿、加速人才聚集、提升市场关注度促进中小企业创新。异质性分析表明，该类政策对国有中小企业创新促进作用更为显著，且仅对低集中度行业企业起到促进作用，知识产权保护水平较低地区政策激励与创新补偿效应更强。结论可丰富产业政策对中小企业创新影响的经验证据，为完善扶持中小企业创新政策提供决策参考。     

Can open innovation improve firm performance? An investigation of financial information in the biopharmaceutical industry

Over the past decade, open innovation has seemingly become the dominant approach for revitalising a company’s innovation process. Can open innovation improve firm performance? This study optimises the measures for open innovation based on existing literature and by considering the actual situation in China. We draw conclusions from an analysis of 516 annual reports and data from Wind of 172 biopharmaceutical companies from 2013 to 2015. Result indicates that open innovation strategies have different effects at different times: (1) Inbound open innovation has a negative impact on short-term (1–2 years) firm performance, but an inverted U-shaped curvilinear relationship will develop after about 3 years. (2) Outbound open innovation has a negative impact on short-term firm performance, but leaves a positive effect in the long run. Therefore, enterprises should maintain a moderate inbound open innovation level and improve the degree of outbound open innovation to improve long-term performance.     

Entrepreneur’s creativity and firm-level innovation performance: bricolage as a mediator

Prior literature focuses on the direct influence of entrepreneur’s creativity on firm-level innovation performance, but it ignores the intermediate mechanism of how. This study examines the role of bricolage in mediating the relationship between entrepreneur’s creativity and innovation performance. We propose that in SMEs, entrepreneur’s creativity can facilitate bricolage, which in turn influences innovation performance. Furthermore, the extent to which entrepreneur’s creativity can influence bricolage depends on firm age. Survey data from 249 SMEs indicate that bricolage functions as a mediator in the relationship between entrepreneur’s creativity and innovation performance. Entrepreneur’s creativity has a stronger effect on bricolage for young firms than for old firms.     

How external partnering enhances innovation: evidence from Chinese technology-based SMEs

If China is to make the leap from being a manufacturer of goods, often for others, to being a world-class innovator, then Chinese small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) have an important role to play in achieving this future goal. Much recent debate has focused on innovation activities of multinational corporations in China, with little attention paid to the role of indigenous SMEs and how they attempt to become more innovation oriented. This paper presents findings from 10 case studies of SME firms based in the Zhejiang Province of China to try and establish to what extent external partnerships have helped them become more innovative and competitive. The most common forms of partnering used by these firms is collaboration with universities, with customers and key suppliers, which has implications for how learning and absorptive capacity affects the firm's innovation strategy.     

Linking technology innovation strategy,intellectual capital and technology innovation performance in manufacturing SMEs

The research interest on Intellectual Capital (IC) has been increasing, adopting different definitions and developing diverse measurement tools. Nonetheless, little research focuses on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and the relation between IC and innovation management. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of technology innovation strategy on the IC development and then on innovation performance in manufacturing SMEs. After conducting a survey, measures of IC for SMEs have been performed and an integrated structural equation model has been created. Results demonstrate that technology innovation strategy affects all IC components, the internal structural capital supports the relational and human capital, and the latter two influence firm technology innovation performance. This study contributes to developing an IC measurement system in SMEs and to emphasise the importance of single IC components in improving technology innovation performance.     

Enhancing innovation through learning: the roles of market orientation and interorganisational knowledge stores

Drawing on the organisational learning theory, this study regards market orientation as a market-based learning and seeks to advance insight into how market orientation and interorganisational knowledge stores together affect different types of innovation. Our findings from a sample of 246 manufacturing firms provide supporting evidence for the positive effect of market orientation on both explorative and exploitative innovation. The effect of market orientation on innovation gets amplified when firms possess large amount of interorganisational knowledge, demonstrating the synergistic effect produced by different types of learning which is less known. This study, therefore, sheds light on the under-researched area of literature surrounding the interaction between different learning activities and the roles of knowledge from different sources on firm innovation.     

区域中小企业技术创新能力评价指标体系的理论构造与实证检验

根据区域中小企业技术创新系统的运行模式,初步构造了区域中小企业技术创新能力的理论评价模型;利用我国长三角地区16个地级以上城市的中小企业技术创新能力的有关数据,运用隶属度分析、相关性分析和鉴别力分析三种定量方法对该理论模型进行实证检验,进而根据检验结果对该理论模型进行必要的修改与完善,最终形成具有较高信度和效度的区域中小企业技术创新能力评价指标体系。     

国际化路径、技术创新与区域中小企业成长——基于省际面板数据的实证检验

利用2011-2015年中国省域层面的中小企业相关数据,构建了静态面板数据模型和动态面板数据模型,研究了中国区域中小企业的两条国际化路径(对外贸易和对外直接投资)对中小企业成长的影响,并探析了中小企业技术创新在对外贸易和对外直接投资影响中小企业成长过程中的中介作用。实证结果显示:中小企业对外贸易对中小企业成长具有显著的正向影响;中小企业对外直接投资对中小企业成长具有显著的负向影响;中小企业技术创新在中小企业国际化路径影响企业成长的过程中起中介作用。     

Exploring a theoretical framework to structure the public policy implications of open innovation

Open innovation is increasingly popular among practitioners and scholars, but its implications for public policy making have not yet been analysed in detail. This paper explores a theoretical framework to structure the debate about public policy making that facilitates open innovation. We first define open innovation in terms of firms’ open innovation practices and external conditions that encourage enterprises to practice open innovation. We show that policies for open innovation are legitimate as traditional arguments like market and system failures continue to apply. Next, we identify several guidelines for policymaking. Rather than just offering R&D and interaction-oriented policies, we conclude that open innovation warrants attention in a broader range of policy areas, including entrepreneurship, education, science, labour markets and competition. Developing truly horizontal policies is a major challenge to facilitate open innovation in developed economies.     

An investigation over inbound open innovation in SMEs: insights from an Italian manufacturing sample

ABSTRACT

Building on the Open Innovation (OI) framework, the purpose of this paper is to examine the R&D inbound model of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Specifically, we focus on the impact of different horizontal R&D collaborations on product innovation and innovation performance. Hypotheses are tested using a Probit/Tobit regression on an Italian sample of 2591 manufacturing SMEs. Our analysis shows that collaborating with different horizontal R&D partners brings to different innovation outcomes. In particular, R&D collaboration with universities has a positive impact on product innovation, but not on innovation performance. Whereas, R&D collaboration with research centres and other private companies has a positive impact on both product innovation and innovation performance. Our findings provide implications for SMEs managers and entrepreneurs who have to decide between R&D partners for their innovation strategy. Avenues for future research are discussed.     

Impact of different patent cooperation network models on innovation performance of technology-based SMEs

ABSTRACT

Patent cooperation network, an important way for technology-based SMEs to enhance innovation performance, has become a research hotspot in recent years. Different types of patent cooperation network models and different degree of SMEs embedding them will lead to different effects on enterprise innovation performance improvement. This research selected the ICT industry and the pharmaceutical industry technology-based SMEs with rich patent output as research objects. Based on binary structure perspective of network breadth and depth, the patent cooperation networks are divided into four types: ‘strong exploration’, ‘weak exploration’, ‘strong utilisation’ and ‘weak utilisation’. Through the multi-selection model and the negative binomial regression model, the general factors in the selection of patent cooperation network models and the impact of different models on enterprise innovation performance are analysed. This research provides path breakthroughs and development proposals for technology-based SMEs to access innovative resources and enhance their innovation capabilities on patent cooperation networks.     

瑞士中小型企业创新发展模式

瑞士联邦政府为促进中小型企业创新活动,专门设立了一个国家级创新基金资助独立法人机构——国家技术创新委员会(KTI)。该机构用自建的"科学技术转移支撑系统",为中小型企业提供包括"丰富创新方案、提升创新目标、帮助寻找合作伙伴直至合作项目形成并提供资助"的全程服务。瑞士中小型企业创新发展模式是:自主创新体现在企业创新想法的形成和自身经费的投入上,创新活动的开展依托在科研机构的参与上,创新成功建立在政府支持形成的有效的产学研结合上。     

Marketing and persistent innovation success

Despite their critical roles in innovation success, marketing activities are overlooked when the sources of innovation persistence are considered. Using three waves of the French Community innovation survey covering the period 2002–2008, this paper investigates the influence of marketing activities on innovation success and in particular on persistent innovation success in high-tech industries. Our results confirm that innovation success depends on past innovation success. Innovation marketing does not positively influence persistent innovation success in low-tech industries. The dynamic of innovation marketing is found to be more complex in high-tech industries: innovation marketing positively influences persistent innovation success for incremental innovation but negatively influences it for radical innovation. We therefore provide support to the existing literature on ambidextrous organizations which, for the most part, associate incremental innovation success with marketing and radical innovation success with R&D resources. Innovation marketing also impacts innovation success over the short term. However, there is no evidence of a positive carry-over effect from innovation marketing activities over time (short or long term). The results regarding the short-term effects of innovation marketing activities mainly hold for low-tech industries.