The Euro and Internal Economic Policy Coordination

This paper reviews, mainly from an institutional angle, the objectives, forms, scope, levels, implementation and challenges involved for internal economic policy coordination after the introduction of the euro on 1 January 1999. In particular, it identifies six different aspects of coordination (procedures, exchange of information, analytical framework, monitoring, policy interactions and joint determination of policies) and analyses the rationale for coordination in eight different policy areas. After presenting some of the challenges lying ahead, the paper concludes that although an appropriate institutional framework seems in place, it still has to undergo its baptism of fire.     

中国经济的体制困境与波动形成:一个理论框架及其检验

本文挖掘中国经济波动的体制困境,试图为中国的经济波动勾勒出一个理论框架。目前的经济体制是波动形成的来源,经济体制中信贷—投资—增长—通胀四个互相契合的作用机制使得经济发展陷入体制困境当中,呈现出活—乱—收—死的形态。利用1978—2007年经济增长率、固定资产投资增长率、年末贷款余额增长率和消费者价格指数的年度数据,通过设置单位根检验、协整检验和格兰杰因果关系检验,本文验证了这一理论。我们的理论表明,中国的经济波动内生于其特殊的经济运作体制,因而也就面临两难处境。摆脱这一困境的出路在于体制变革和经济增长方式的转变。     

Institutional Approaches to Economic Development: The Current Status of the Debate

The recent publication of "Institutions and Economic Development: Theory, Policy and History" (Chang 2011a) has stimulated a thought-provoking debate, and has brought forth a wide-ranging demonstration of the theoretical arsenal of the new institutional economics. The debate proves that, as of yet, no satisfactory theory of institutions has been articulated, nor is there an agreement on the relationship between institutional change and the politics of development. It also demonstrates the presence of two distinct lines of research: ideological and political, both of which rely on different theoretical legacies, and embody distinct economic worldviews. This scenario allows a summary of the argument in the most recent literature to be made on the relationship between institutions and development, as well as to relate the debate to the concept of development as a process of expansion of capacities.     

长江经济带土地出让与城镇化质量耦合协调研究

土地出让与城镇化质量作为城镇化的主要依托和核心追求,二者的关系影响到城市的可持续发展。以长江经济带为例,构建土地出让与城镇化质量综合评价指标体系,利用熵值法和耦合协调模型对二者耦合协调的时空差异做出实证研究,并利用ArcGIS将其空间显化。结果表明：研究期内长江经济带土地出让与城镇化质量的协调度呈现先增后减再增趋势;二者的协调度自西向东逐步增加,耦合度无明显分布规律,总体呈高水平耦合状态;土地出让与城镇化质量的协调度在城市群间的差异显著,但城市群内部的差异逐步减小。从土地出让与城镇化质量的耦合协调发展的视角,为实现城市健康可持续的发展提出政策建议。     

黄河流域高质量发展:人地协调与空间协调

从经济地理学视角提出黄河流域高质量发展的两大关键问题:从人地关系视角研判人类活动与资源环境持续作用形成的共处关系;从空间异质视角审视流域不同区域的联系及其相应的空间协调状况。在黄河流域水资源短缺和生态先天脆弱的前提下,对地市级人类活动施压、资源环境承压及两者关系相对分级评价结果表明:新世纪以来黄河流域多数地区的人地关系类型保持不变,近1/5的地区趋于紧张;2017年高度紧张、轻度紧张的区域占21.18%,基本协调的区域占38.82%。从人地关系调控的客观条件看,黄河流域受到生态先天脆弱性与经济发展迫切需求的双重压力。经济发展的资源瓶颈与路径依赖问题对人地关系基本协调甚至相对宽松的地区形成挑战,居民生活水平提高诉求的实现将会进一步加重人类活动施压强度,使人地关系趋于紧张。研究建议,应深入把握不同类型地区的人地关系,进行针对性处理。黄河流域的城市空间联系特征映射了流域社会经济发展不平衡和流域空间结构的特殊性,应着力加强流域内部联系,迈向更高质量的区域合作。建议采用以大城市为中心面向周边的放射状开发开放新模式,以此驱动流域空间结构重塑与助推空间协调发展。     

A Theoretical Basis for the Consideration of Spending Thresholds in the Analysis of Fiscal Referendums

This paper concerns the political economy of budget balances and focuses on fiscal referendums. It specifically suggests – on the basis of theoretical arguments –that any analysis of fiscal referendums must take their spending thresholds into account. Thus, it claims that mandatory fiscal referendums can impose greater constraints than optional fiscal referendums. In conclusion, various recommendations based on this observation are proposed.JEL classification: D70, H72.     

长江经济带绿色发展平衡的阻碍：水平差距还是协调低效

从绿色发展水平和绿色发展协调度两个维度界定长江经济带绿色发展不平衡,利用动态TOPSIS和Theil Index首次对长江经济带绿色发展不平衡程度进行测算,发现在考察期内,长江经济带绿色发展不平衡程度整体上呈现出波动中微降并具有显著阶段性特征。在此基础上,系统考察长江经济带绿色发展不平衡的影响因素及传导机制并进行实证检验,结果发现：绿色发展水平和绿色发展协调度提升均有助于降低绿色发展不平衡程度,而绿色发展协调低效是长江经济带绿色发展不平衡的主要来源。因此,应以流域思维处理“金山银山”和“绿水青山”的关系,提升各省市协调效率,基于绿色发展薄弱环节和短板制约,加快构建统筹管理和协同保护机制,重点做好长江经济带绿色发展不平衡趋势的动态监测,设计流域内各省市差异化绿色发展路径。     

对外经济政策的国内政治影响因素——国际政治经济学的视角

作为西方主流经济学的国际经济学,忽视了国内政治因素尤其是政治制度在对外经济政策中的重要作用。国际政治经济学作为一门新兴学科,将政治因素纳入了经济学的分析框架,从政治与经济相互结合的视角探讨影响对外经济政策的因素。在实行代议民主制的国家,作为政治制度主要行为体的利益集团和左右翼政党的政策偏好,以及不同的民主模式,对贸易政策、汇率政策和资本流动政策的选择都具有十分重要的影响。     

Trustworthiness as a Moral Determinant of Economic Activity: Lessons from the Classics

This paper reviews the way that social norms and ethical values in general, and trustworthiness in particular, is perceived to affect the behavior of economic agents in view of the work of Adam Smith, Nassau William Senior and John Stuart Mill. Classical Political economists held that economic actions are context-dependent and thus constantly under the influence of social norms and values. It is further suggested here that Classical Economists had established that trustworthiness acts as a general ethical precondition for the efficient behaviour of the markets and an important asset of the national social capital.     

An empirical analysis of remittance flows into West African Economic and Monetary Union: a panel time-series approach

The article empirically analyses the motivations and long-run economic outcomes of remittance inflows into the West African Economic and Monetary Union. Using Westerlund’s (2007) ECM for panel time series and data spanning 1975–2011, the results show that there is no evidence of a long-run impact of remittances on income per capita in the region. The inflows seem to be motivated by investment, but the money may be used to promote consumption instead. This phenomenon could be characterized by information asymmetry between migrants and the recipients.     

科技人才流动与经济高质量发展互动关系研究

通过对科技人才流动及经济高质量发展内涵的梳理和分析,构建两者互动关系。选取长江经济带11个省市1998-2015年的面板数据,建立二阶滞后PVAR模型,对经济高质量发展与科技人才流动关系进行实证分析。结果表明：经济高质量发展与科技人才流动存在非对称互动关系,即经济高质量发展会显著促进科技人才流动,而无效的科技人才流动则会影响地区经济发展水平。基于此,针对如何促进科技人才流动、实现科技资源有效配置提出相关建议。