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货币时间价值在投资决策中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
货币时间价值的客观存在不仅在理论界得到了公认,而且其产生的作用时刻影响着人们的日常经济生活。不管是企业的项目投资,还是个人的理财投资,都不可忽视货币时间价值。在进行方案抉择的时候,要优先选用包含货币时间价值的动态指标(净现值、获利指数和内涵报酬率)进行评价,选择最优方案,做出科学的投资决策。企业和个人要牢固树立货币时间价值观念,利用它为企业和个人决策服务,促进企业和个人合理利用有限资金,创造更高的效益。 相似文献
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This article takes a fresh look at reswitching. When two production techniques are compared, reswitching occurs when one technique is more viable than the other at a high interest rate, switches to being less viable at a lower rate, and reswitches to being more viable again at even lower rates. For some, reswitching undermines the foundations of neoclassical economics because it belies the idea of a monotonic relationship between relative capital values and factor price. The reswitching equation is an nth degree polynomial having n roots, implying the existence of n interest rates. Conventional analysis uses one interest rate but ignores the others. We argue that the others should not be ignored because all rates are determined simultaneously, and when one rate shifts, all rates shift. We demonstrate that the Samuelson reswitching model possesses a ‘dual’ expression containing every interest rate, the rates being compressed into a composite, interest-rate variable, thereby establishing a role for interest rates previously thought lacking in use and meaning. The relationship between this composite interest rate and capital value does not exhibit reswitching. The notion of a composite interest rate has implications for economics beyond reswitching. 相似文献
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本文推导了资本回报率的计算公式,从资本深化和技术进步的视角对资本回报率的变动进行了分解,发现影响资本回报率变动的主要因素有:乘数大小、资本深化和技术进步。利用1980—2009年数据计算了中国的资本回报率,估算了资本的边际产出弹性,并对资本回报率的变动进行了分解。实证研究发现,中国的资本回报率并没有随投资的增长而降低,资本深化虽然导致了资本回报率的降低,且乘数放大了这种效应,但技术进步却提高了资本的边际产出,从而使得中国的资本回报率处于一个稳定水平。 相似文献
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The purpose of this paper is to report estimates of capital input index classified by industries in China from 1981 to 2000. We estimate capital stock based on the perpetual inventory method, and then estimate the flow of capital service and capital service price consistently with the capital compensation in input-output table. In our study, we discuss various assumptions and adjustments made on the data and estimation implementation. 相似文献
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《China Economic Journal》2013,6(2):155-164
The rate of return on venture capital investment of venture capital (VC) firms in China has been attracting increasing attention. We use robust multinomial regression models to analyze 56 exit projects of venture capital investment from 1999 to 2003 in China. The results show that the returns of state-owned VC firms are lower than those of non state-owned VC firms. Furthermore, the returns of the VC firms located in Shanghai and Shenzhen are higher than those in other regions. The capital scale of VC firms is negatively correlated with the rate of return. In addition, some variables, such as business duration, investment scale, investment duration and exit vehicle, are probably unrelated to rate of return on venture capital investment in China. 相似文献
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This paper examines rates of return to schooling in Kazakhstan using OLS (Ordinary Least Squares) and instrumental variable (IV) methodologies. We use spouse's education and smoking as instruments. We find that spouse's education is a valid instrument and that conventional OLS estimates that assume the exogenous nature of schooling, and hence do not control for endogeneity bias, may underestimate the true rates of return. The results indicate that the returns to schooling in Kazakhstan have increased with transition. This may reflect the relative scarcities of highly educated people in Kazakhstan with human capital that employers require and, following the market reforms, reward accordingly. 相似文献
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The focus of this paper is on the evolution of the major macroeconomic variables of classical political economy and the contrast with their orthodox counterparts in the quest to identify the causes of the current crisis in the Greek economy. Our analysis shows that declining profitability past a certain point leads to a stagnant mass of real net profits that discourage investment and increase unemployment. More specifically, for the period 1970–2007 for which we have detailed data, we identify the so-called silent depression of the 1970s and early 1980s, the new golden age of accumulation during which the capitalization of the production process led to a rapidly growing productivity and with stagnant or slowly rising real wages increased the rate of surplus value to new heights. As a consequence, the rate of profit from the mid-1980s onwards displayed a mildly rising trend and remained at a much lower level than that of the early 1970s. The rate of profit starts to fall after 2007, the year of the onset of the (world) economic crisis, and this continues up to 2014. Our econometric analysis based on an ARDL model further shows that the incremental rate of return, a variable derived from, and therefore strictly related to the average rate of profit, constitutes a by far more concrete measure of profitability and, in combination with the real interest rate, shapes the process of capital accumulation. 相似文献
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This paper builds an externality-based model with physical and R&D capital, proves the linearity of technology functions, and derives two measures of spillovers from the relative differences between social and private rates of return. China’s regional empiric studies exhibit a reverse direction of spillovers between foreign invested firms and local economy and provide an estimation of the spillover measures of between 13% and 18%. 相似文献
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内部资本市场有效性与其边界息息相关。内部资本市场的边界确定则主要取决于内部资本市场带来的边际收益和边际成本增加之间的权衡。产业外部竞争压力和收益波动性、企业内部管理水平、法律规定及企业契约的约束、外部资本市场的完善等因素也会影响内部资本市场边界的确定。我国转轨时期企业内部资本市场运作的边际收益和边际成本都远远高于发达市场经济国家,积极完善企业集团内部治理机制和外部制度环境对于合理科学的确定我国企业内部资本市场边界具有更加重要的意义。 相似文献
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现代经济中,人才资本决定着经济增长的速度和资本的利润率,人才在社会经济发展中的作用日益重要,人才资本的定价问题也越来越受人关注,人才资本定价的扭曲,制约了我国现代企业制度的建立和知识经济的发展。合理的人才资本定价需要一个能够在现代经济条件下正确评价人才资本贡献的理论指导。本文从人才资本的价值和使用价值的角度来思考人才资本的定价问题。 相似文献
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Between domestic financial institutions and foreign or joint venture ones in China, which ones do Chinese people give better assessment to? And what factors affect those comparative assessments? With a household survey in nine cities in China in 2006, we find that China’s domestic financial institutions are considered better than foreign or joint venture ones in terms of financial products, communication with investors, security and prudence, operation standardization and service attitudes. When taken into account the endogeneity of people’s trust on government regulation agencies, empirical results show that people’s more attention to returns or the more trust on government regulation agencies leads to their better assessments on domestic financial institutions than foreign or joint venture ones. The policy implications are: Chinese governments have to take measures to improve residents’ trust in governmental regulation and create a fair competition environment for domestic and foreign financial institutions in China. Domestic and foreign financial institutions make efforts to develop a higher rate-of-return and attractive financial products to service more customers. 相似文献
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赵英杰 《新疆财经学院学报》2014,(4):17-20
劳动生产率和劳动者工资被看作是导致1970年以后美国劳动收入在增加值中占比下降的主要因素。但现有研究缺乏对此的进一步分析。以马克思对资本积累过程中可变资本在预付总资本中所占比重变化的相关分析为基础的理论拓展,有利于建立起一个统一的分析框架以说明劳动收入占比的变化。本文实证研究的结论基本支持理论分析的逻辑,剩余价值率和资本有机构成是劳动收入占比变化的最主要解释变量。 相似文献
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全球气候变暖推动了世界各国谋求经济发展与生态环境之间的平衡,将追求单一经济增长目标转变为经济生态协调发展的多目标体系.通过对生态资本价值的合理补偿,实现"无价格"的生态资本转变为"有价格"的生产要素.碳交易市场是通过市场化途径解决外部性问题的典型模式.二氧化碳排放的外部性通过碳交易市场机制不断得以内部化,实现了生态资本的价值.文章通过将生态资本以要素形式引入经济增长模型,分析生态资本变化量的动态性与资本量的动态性,得到的结论是:生态资本对资本量的变化随着新知识的规模报酬的不同出现不同的情形.只有新知识的规模报酬与生态资本的规模报酬之间满足了一定的条件才能实现生态经济的平衡增长.最后结合碳市场,从新技术转移的规模报酬角度分析了碳资本市场的发展. 相似文献
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中国劳动力市场户籍分割与企业人力资本投资的作用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
我们运用2004年中国9省(市)企业员工培训和继续学习调查数据,验证中国劳动力市场存在户籍分割,并分析企业人力资本投资,即在职培训对处于不同层次劳动力市场的员工收入增长、职业发展的影响。得出以下结论:(1)中国存在由户籍制度造成的劳动力市场分割特征,农民工主要处于次要劳动力市场。(2)户籍对于员工参与企业在职培训以及培训的收益率都有显著影响;在其他条件相同情况下,城镇户籍员工比农民工的在职培训参与率和收益率都显著更高。(3)在职培训对于提高农民工收入具有显著的正的影响。(4)此前培训(进入本单位前接受的培训)对于农民工进入主要劳动力市场具有显著作用。 相似文献
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我们从劳动、自然、资本生产三要素之间通约的角度,沿着经济思想史的脉络,将马克思经济学与西方经济学价值理论进行比较,分析两大经济学范式之间的区别与联系。排除自然对价值体系的影响,集中分析了劳动与资本的关系。我们认为不同程度的复杂劳动是劳动的一般形态,复杂劳动之间的通约系数应该考虑它在再生产中的地位,按照它在下一生产周期生产的产量来进行近似折算。人力资本和复杂劳动之间有互相通融的地方,它们都含有时间和技术的因素。衡量价值的量纲应是时间与技术的复合单位。在技术变化的条件下,不能单纯用劳动时间计量价值。 相似文献
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笔者通过拓广的蒙代尔-弗莱明模型,并突破了传统的"三元冲突"汇率制度安排理论的研究路径,考虑引入资本流动性相对强度系数的概念,又在固定汇率制下引入"冲销"干预政策因素,提出了一个在固定和浮动汇率及不同资本流动性制度安排下财政-货币政策有效性指数曲线的新假说,对汇率-资本流动性制度安排对于宏观经济政策(财政-货币政策)综合有效性的影响问题做了一些较为深入的探讨.笔者认为,我国作为一个经济大国应尽可能地拥有宏观经济政策的自主权,考虑到我国当前金融市场体系尚不够完善,货币政策传导机制还存在严重障碍,所以在近期财政政策的权重应大于货币政策,从而在我国汇率制度改革过程中,为保留宏观经济政策的自主权,在加快放宽人民币汇率弹性的同时必须加强相应的资本管制. 相似文献
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赵旭 《技术经济与管理研究》2009,(5):54-56
对同一项目进行评价时,时间型评价指标、价值型评价指标以及效率型评价指标,它所反映的是项目不同侧面的经济效果,对于资金有限型企业而言,仅以NPV法作为绝对衡量指标是不切合实际的。基于主成分分析法的企业投资决策方法,在考虑净现值评价指标的同时,综合考虑动态投资回收期、内部收益率、净现值率指标,全面、客观地对项目进行综合评价,为企业投资决策提供科学依据。 相似文献