论财产权利的两面性

财产权利具有两面性,一方面它是反对专制特权、增进个人自由以及促进市场经济效率的有效手段;另一方面在没有任何制度制约的情况下,财产权利的垄断极易导致对劳动者权利的侵犯。因此,我们应当在社会公正和平等目标的指导下,通过增强政府、工会组织以及工人自身力量的权力制衡方法规范财产权利的作用方式,遏制其消极作用的发挥。     

市场交易:资源产权改革的出路

在中国,虽然通过承包制等改革手段划分了资源产权的权属,但因未明确赋予产权行使者对所承包资源实施市场交易的权利,影响了产权功能的发挥和资源的可持续开发与有效利用.本文在分析产权与市场交易关系的基础上,提出市场交易是产权的一项根本内涵,是产权的资源配置功能得以实现的重要条件,并结合牧场等资源产权改革的问题与困境,提出实现市场交易是资源产权改革的最终出路.     

农村中老年人口与边缘性流动研究

农村人口流动可以划分为主体性人口流动和边缘性人口流动,边缘性人口流动是对主体性流动的补充和完善,其产生的原因是大流动环境的影响,农闲、农忙时间农村劳动力的缺乏。边缘性人口流动的主体是年龄在45～64岁的中老年人口。农村人口边缘性流动的主要功能:农村人力资源的进一步解放和开发;大流动后区域性劳动力的一种平衡;与外部大流动环境的一种适应和对接;改变农村中老年人口的生活方式。     

论私有产权的限制

私有产权的限制可从两个层次看:一是立宪层次上的限制,它是私有财产所有者被动接受的限制,包括禁止侵害他物权的限制和保护公共利益与实现政治需求的限制;二是法律上的私有产权界定后,私有产权所有者主动选择的限制,包括行使权利成本的限制和设立他物权的限制.保护公共利益与实现政治需求的限制抑制了私有产权、市场交换作为调节资源稀缺性与人类欲望无限性矛盾手段的力量;其他限制则是发挥市场机制配置资源,实现产值最大化的要求,为不是限制的限制.     

产权改革社会化趋势的理论分析

经济体制转型国家的产权制度改革往往与经济市场化密切相关,在这一过程中,社会生产方式从封闭走向开放化、社会化,一切生产要素都要通过市场为全社会所用。产权的社会化,实现了资本的社会运营,形成了财产权利的社会分解、经济利益的社会分享和风险责任的社会分担,这是现代市场经济发展的必然要求。     

论我国知识产权战略中的政府角色定位

提高知识产权的利用、保护与管理能力,已成为维护国家利益和经济安全的战略性武器。知识产权制度的非理性扩张,使得政府作用的介入成为一种必然。当前我国正处于紧锣密鼓的知识产权战略制定过程中,政府的角色定位宜比拟为孵化器,通过培育私权精神和促进经济效益,从国内、国际两个层面作出合理选择和战略安排,才能更好地促进我国知识产权战略的运用。     

基于产权分离的生态产权制度优化研究

文章在梳理产权与生态产权的主要文献以及分析归纳中国生态产权制度运行低效的深层次原因的基础上,提出以“非开发性所有权”为核心概念的生态产权制度优化的理论依据和可能的实践路径,并基于博弈理论采用嵌入激励机制的多阶段双边拍卖模型论证了“非开发性所有权”贝叶斯均衡价格的存在性。研究表明：(1)生态领域的根本利益冲突,既是生态产品极强的正外部性且无法内部化或市场化所引致的,也是产权制度失效的根本成因;(2)基于产权的可分离性原理,可以构建涵盖“非开发性所有权”和“开发性所有权”等权利相兼容的生态产权制度;(3)建立以“非开发性所有权”为交易品的市场,可以作为生态产权制度的优化路径,同时也是生态产品正外部性得以内部化的有效路径;(4)政府生态购买,是生态产权制度优化路径的有效实现形式。当引入激励机制时,基于不完全信息的多阶段双边拍卖机制能够实现贝叶斯均衡的理论购买价格。上述分析内容可以作为生态产权制度改革的政策工具。     

The Coevolution of Finance and Property Rights: Evidence from Transition Economies

The transition from communism to capitalism was necessarily accompanied by a sudden and abrupt increase in the financialization of society. This increase occurred in an environment that, even now, still has little experience with or expertise in financialization. Given that financialization occurred simultaneously with the growth and evolution of other political and economic institutions, the question arises: What was the effect on these other nascent institutions like property rights? This article empirically analyzes the relationship between financialization and property rights in transition countries. Using a unique monthly database of twenty transition countries over a period from 1989 to 2012, this article finds that the influence of financialization depends on which definition of “financialization” is used. In particular, increases in basic financial intermediation improved property rights. However, higher-order “financialization,” proxied here by the size of capital markets and the wages in the financial sector, appeared to have a negative impact on the development of broad-based property rights in transition.     

从潜产权到产权:一种产权起源假说

现实中,常常有这样的现象:一个事物在完全成为该事物即确定为该事物之前,有一个模糊状态,这种状态还不是该事物,但是正在成为或可能成为该事物。笔者称这种状态为某种事物的潜状态。那么产权形成前是否存在潜状态即潜产权呢?笔者认为是存在的。     

Game of Property Rights and System Change

Governments＇ protection and support are very important for rural enterprises during their birth and development. But, in fact, governments own the rights to control the operation of rural enterprises to a large extent. Govemments encourage and lead the reform of property rights of rural enterprises. Why governments are willing to give up vested interests, and actively promote the reform of property rights of rural enterprises？ This seems to be the key to explain the reform of property rights of rural enterprises. This paper puts forward the hypothesis, uses mathematical models and statistical analyses, and adopts relevant data to verify the needs of governments for fiscal targets, and the rationality of their behavior actively encourages and promotes reconstruction during the reform for maximizing their interests.     

Organizing Economic Experiments: Property Rights and Firm Organization

Many economists, notably Austrian economists, have argued that the market process is essentially an experimental process. We briefly try to clarify this conceptualization, and then argue that we may understand the firm in much the same light. A basic view of the firm as an experimental entity is derived, drawing on property rights insights.     

我国海洋资源性资产流失与产权管理问题探讨

海洋资源性资产的流失是海洋资源开发利用过程中存在的重要问题之一。本文在分析海洋资源性资产流失的特点、渠道和类型的基础上,对我国海洋资源性资产的产权调整、产权体系及产权管理策略等进行了探讨。     

中国农村土地产权机制分析及对策

中国农村的土地制度是农村经济制度的基础和核心,这一制度安排的成功与否,关乎农村生产力的发展和国家稳定,其意义不言而喻。当前的家庭承包责任制带来了极大的绩效,但始终存在缺陷。对于人口众多的中国土地产权制度的变迁不仅涉及土地的绩效问题、意识形态问题,也牵涉到制度变迁的路径问题,需谨慎入手改革。     

小产权房现状及政策研究——基于制度经济学的分析

小产权房是特定时期的特定产物,在客观上形成了两个截然不同的房地产市场,其负面作用要大于其正面影响。解决小产权房问题要分两步走:第一步,在现有制度框架内,通过调整优化现行政策来使存量小产权房合法化;第二步,政府必须进行正式的制度创新,改革我国农村集体土地制度,内化现有制度下小产权房的负外部性,在新的制度安排上彻底消除滋生小产权房的土壤。     

我国旅游资源产权安排:一个新的分析框架

随着旅游产业的发展,旅游资源的外延逐渐扩大,旅游资源产权问题越发复杂.如果依然笼统地实行僵化的旅游资源管理模式,不但会使资源的利用效率降低,而且会对资源本身造成极大的危害.本文基于产权的角度,在对旅游资源重新进行分类的基础上,构建新的旅游资源产权体系,进而根据不同产权的有效性条件,提出了调整旅游资源的具体管理、运行制度的思路.     

土地股份合作制的产权分析

要解决好中国的农民问题 ,应重新构建中国的农地制度。土地股份制应是完善农地制度的一项创新 ,是解决土地流转的有效方法 ,很可能成为中国农地制度改革的主导模式。     

Classroom Games: The Allocation of Renewable Resources Under Different Property Rights and Regulation Schemes

The authors describe a renewable resource allocation game designed to stimulate students' interest in and understanding of market failure associated with open-access types of resource use. They also use the game to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various property rights and regulation schemes. Because this exercise demonstrates the power of unregulated and regulated economic incentives, many types of students may benefit from this game, including undergraduates enrolled in the standard introductory and in more advanced microeconomics classes, as well as courses in environmental economics and natural resource economics. This game was specifically designed so that noneconomics majors in natural resource management and environmental courses could also benefit.     

Property Regimes as Information Regimes: Efficiency and Economies of Joint Production

The paper argues that it is useful to view property regimes asinformation regimes. A conceptual model and numerical example are usedto show that, under some reasonable assumptions, a common propertyregime is preferable to a private property regime when property regimesare viewed as information regimes. The paper considers a case ofidiosyncratic risk in a dynamic grazing context where the marginality ofthe resource is such that insurance markets are thin or non-existent.Agents are thought to be risk averse and exogenous enforcement of a risksharing scheme is not feasible. The policy implication is that theestablishment and maintenance of a common property regime is shown to bea (possibly) reasonable institutional response in the face of difficultand particular circumstances when property regimes are viewed asinformation regimes.     

对知识产权会计确认与计量的探讨

本文从知识产权会计学定义出发．阐述了知识产权会计确认与计量应遵循的会计假设和原则,着重论述知识产权会计确认、计量的理论与实务,分析了现行会计惯例对知识产权会计确认与计量存在的弊端,并提出了改进的建议。     

企业家人力资本产权的内涵、结构与功能

企业家是经济生活中最为稀缺的人力资本资源。企业家人力资本既不同于非人力资本资源,也不同于一般的人力资本资源,在经济增长和社会进步的过程中扮演着不可替代的角色,发挥着举足轻重的作用。借助于西方人力资本理论和产权经济学理论,较为系统地分析了企业家人力资本产权的内涵、结构与功能,得出关于企业家人力资本产权的3个重要结论。