农户生活垃圾分类处理行为影响因素研究——基于卢因行为模型

垃圾分类处理是农村生活垃圾治理的源头,也是改善农村人居环境、建设美丽乡村的关键。论文基于陕、甘、冀三省598份农户调查数据,依托卢因行为模型并采用结构方程模型分析影响农户生活垃圾分类处理行为的主要因素。结果表明:环境认知、环境技能、经济激励对农户生活垃圾分类处理行为的影响程度最为强烈,行为便利性的影响程度较小。据此提出:地方政府应加大垃圾分类处理的宣传力度,提升农户生活垃圾分类处理方面的环境认知及技能,并有效利用激励政策鼓励农户积极参与生活垃圾的分类处理。相关政府部门要加强垃圾分类设施配备,为农户实施分类处理行为提供便利,进而推进中国农村生活垃圾分类处理的有效实施。     

浅谈农村固体废弃物处理现状及未来发展

随着我国经济的快速发展,固体废弃物的污染已日益严重,尤其在农村生活垃圾日益增加,因此,农村固体废弃物的处理问题已经亟待解决。本文根据农村固体废弃物特征及其形成原因,提出解决农村固废处理处理的对策与建议并展望了农村固体废弃物处理的未来发展,为有效解决农村固体废弃物污染问题提供依据。     

城市生活垃圾分类与处理的调查问卷分析

垃圾分类是生活垃圾减量化、资源化利用的基础。进行垃圾分类收集可以减少垃圾处理量和处理设备,降低处理成本,减少土地资源的消耗。但是,我国目前在生活垃圾处理的过程中,垃圾分类工作还主要停留在二次分拣阶段。文章以北京市为例,对部分居民进行了生活垃圾分类问题的问卷调查,重点调查关于居民对于垃圾分类的态度、自身在垃圾分类过程中的做法以及垃圾分类工作存在不足的主要原因。通过调查发现居民在垃圾分类处理的过程中存在一些问题,并根据具体情况提出了改进的政策建议。     

新思维

电子垃圾处理正道——建立便捷完善的回收体系和专业化分拆基地 电子产品已进入淘汰的高峰期,每年都有大量电子垃圾产生,其中绝大部分通过街头小贩流入旧货回收市场,转入农村或被随意拆解处理,电子垃圾污染隐患在日益增大。河北省环保局有关负责人认为：“电子垃圾缺乏监管、无序回收、污染严重已经成为一个现实问题，     

农村垃圾问题的公私治理

长期以来,我国在垃圾治理上,对农村的重视和投入远远落后于城市。落后的垃圾治理基础设施与不断膨胀的污染负荷之间的矛盾日益突出,直接导致了农村环境问题的严重恶化。因此,加快建立农村垃圾治理综合机制,提高环境质量,不仅是当前农业和农村可持续发展的基本要求,也是实现我国城乡社会经济协调发展,全面建设社会主义新农村的重要举措。一、我国农村垃圾问题的现状分析(一)农村垃圾污染的现状描述随着经济的发展,村民生活水平的提高,农村垃圾的数量开始迅速增长,导致农村生态环境日益恶化。大量的固体废弃物和垃圾包围着农村,直接影响村民生…     

我国城乡居民的生活垃圾分类处理意识与行为调研--以浙江省H市为例

近年来,随着人我国口数量的不断增长,城乡各类垃圾尤其是生活垃圾的年产生量也在不断增长。而解决生活垃圾问题的关键在于城乡居民垃圾分类处理意识的强弱和行为的能力。本文以我国浙江省H市部分城乡居民为调研对象,综合采用问卷调查法、访谈法和实地观察法,了解了该市城乡生活垃圾分类处理现状,探讨了其中存在的问题,最后有针对性的提出相应的解决建议,藉此为妥善解决生活垃圾分类处理问题、促进环境保护事业的发展提供借鉴和参考。     

不能忽视农村的节能减排问题

调研资料显示,农村的环境污染问题依然严峻,农村的能源节约及水资源利用存在严重问题,农村太阳能的使用还有很大空间。因此,农村的节能减排问题应该引起我们的重视,并采取相应对策:要通过政策支持,扶持联户沼气的发展;通过城乡垃圾一体化处理,构建农业生产废弃物分类回收激励机制;对合理处理、利用养殖业禽畜粪便的企业提供政策支持。     

村庄制度对农村居民生活垃圾分类治理行为的影响研究——基于计划行为理论的分析

农村生活垃圾有效治理是解决农村环境污染的关键,是实现乡村生态振兴的重点,充分发挥农村居民生活垃圾分类治理的主体作用,可以提高生活垃圾治理的效率与效果,从而改善农村生活环境,全面推动农村经济社会发展。以陕西省863名农村居民为研究对象,从村庄制度视角出发,基于计划行为理论构建农村居民生活垃圾分类行为的研究框架,进而运用结构方程模型进行实证检验。结果表明：村庄制度对农村居民的主观规范和治理态度均存在显著正向影响,并且进一步显著提升其生活垃圾分类治理的意愿及行为;主观规范、分类态度与知觉行为控制对农村居民生活垃圾分类意愿均存在显著正向影响;分类意愿显著提升农村居民生活垃圾分类行为。另外,农村居民的生活垃圾分类行为受到村庄制度与亲戚朋友等周围人行为的影响,生活垃圾治理的相关村庄制度越完善,周围人参与分类的积极性越高,农村居民的生活垃圾分类行为随之增强。     

农村居民对生活垃圾分类收集的认知度分析

随着农村城市化的进行,农村生活垃圾量飞速增长,给垃圾处理带来挑战。提高农民居民对垃圾进行分类收集的主动性是实现垃圾资源化、减量化的重要途径。本文通过对农村进行实地调查,分析生活垃圾分类收集在农村居民中的认知度,以及影响农村居民对垃圾进行分类的因素,并针对性地提出提高农村居民这一行为积极性的对策。     

我国城乡居民的生活垃圾分类处理意识与行为调研-——以浙江省H市为例

近年来，随着人我国口数量的不断增长，城乡各类垃圾尤其是生活垃圾的年产生量也在不断增长。而解决生活垃圾问题的关键在于城乡居民垃圾分类处理意识的强弱和行为的能力。本文以我国浙江省H市部分城乡居民为调研对象，综合采用问卷调查法、访谈法和实地观察法，了解了该市城乡生活垃圾分类处理现状，探讨了其中存在的问题，最后有针对性的提出相应的解决建议，藉此为妥善解决生活垃圾分类处理问题、促进环境保护事业的发展提供借鉴和参考。     

Study on the construction and operation for management system of municipal domestic wastes

In recent years, the quantity of our country＇s municipal damestic wustes increase rapidly, but the waste disposal still has problems, such as the simple way of processing, wasting the resources, the serious environmental pollution and so on. By holding waste minimization as the center, the developed countries have formed perfect waste management system, Based on analyzing the status quo and problems of processing in our country, on the principle of benefit, scale, waste minimization, reclamation and hazard-free treatment, according to the recycling model of processing, the article has constructed ant country＇s domestic wastes management system, proposed the meusures of promoting the operation of system. It has realized the traasformatian of waste management system from terminal disposal to source reduction. ewhieved the goals, including domestic wastes categorizing and reclaiming, industrialization and non-pollution processing, and finally brought sustainable development for resources, environment, economy and society.     

Wasting Time? Recycling Incentives in Urban Taiwan and Japan

What makes recycling work? We study the factors driving household waste disposal and recycling in 18 cities in Taiwan and Japan in order to understand the impact of alternative waste management incentives. We show that this depends on the effect of distinct policies on the relative costs of the main alternative disposal methods: recycling, disposal to landfill and illegal dumping. The willingness both to recycle and to dispose to landfill depends on the relative costs of the waste collection regime, and these are dominated by the time cost of alternative disposal methods. The higher the frequency of waste collection, the less recycling and the more disposal to landfill there will be. This is because frequent collection reduces the marginal time-cost of disposal to landfill. Curbside collection of recyclable material, and the frequency of that collection, has a similar effect on the recycling rate. Although direct incentives, such as unit pricing are important in the waste disposal decision, recycling depends primarily on management of the time-costs it involves.     

新农村规划建设中生态环境保护对策探索——以北京市延庆县刘斌堡村为例

本文通过在北京市延庆县刘斌堡村的具体实践，对新农村规划建设中的村庄生态环境问题进行了探讨，并针对这些问题提出了建设新农村过程中保护生态环境问题的对策方法。希冀在新农村建设过程中，在提高农民生活水平的同时，利用技术来改善和恢复农村特有的农田生态环境，保护农村自身的生态价值和地域特色，避免建设就是破坏，使农村变为不伦不类的城市的建设。     

Cutting-edge technologies

Low llevel radioactive wastes are generated from reactor sources as well as fsrom non-reactor sources. In recent years, about 50,000 m³ per year of such wastes have been generated in the USA and about 10,000 m³ per year in Canada. Direct disposal of these wasters in shallow ground has been a favoured method in both countries in the past. However, with recent advances in waste management. technologies are being applied to achieve optimum goals in terms of protection of human health and safety and the environment, as well as cost-effectiveness. These technologies must be applied from the generation sources through waste minimization and optimum segregation-followed by waste processing, conditioning, storage, and disposal. A number of technologies are available and can be applied as appropriate, given the physical, chemical, and radiological characteristics of the waste. Interim and retrievable storage can be accomplished in a wide variety of storage structures, and several types of engineered disposal facility designs are now available. By applying an integrated approach to radioactive waste management. potential advers impacts on human health and safety and the environment can be minimized.     

农民住房财产权抵押能否激发农村金融市场*——基于银行贷款数据的实证分析

扩展抵押品范围是缓解农村金融困境的重要途径。在这一思路下，农民住房财产权抵押被寄予厚望，成为近年来农村政策改革的重要方向。本文使用2010—2016年1 024家农信社和农商行的数据，利用2015年12月国务院在天津市蓟州区等59个试点县（市、区）开展为期两年的农民住房财产权抵押贷款试点这一“准自然实验”，对农民住房财产权抵押对涉农贷款供给的影响进行了检验。本文认为，现阶段农民住房面临着价值评估难、抵押物处置难的问题，抵押效果不佳。实证结果显示，农民住房财产权抵押没有显著增加涉农贷款供给，对农村金融的供给作用有限。本文在考虑了农民住房财产权抵押对其他担保方式的替代作用、农地经营权抵押和“三块地”改革的影响之后，上述结果依然稳健。本文的政策启示是，政府应着力做好农房抵押贷款改革的配套措施，推动宅基地制度改革，探索扩大农民住房财产权的受让范围，充分挖掘住房财产权的价值潜力，缓解抵押物处置难问题。     

农民住房财产权抵押能否激发农村金融市场*——基于银行贷款数据的实证分析

扩展抵押品范围是缓解农村金融困境的重要途径。在这一思路下，农民住房财产权抵押被寄予厚望，成为近年来农村政策改革的重要方向。本文使用2010—2016年1 024家农信社和农商行的数据，利用2015年12月国务院在天津市蓟州区等59个试点县（市、区）开展为期两年的农民住房财产权抵押贷款试点这一“准自然实验”，对农民住房财产权抵押对涉农贷款供给的影响进行了检验。本文认为，现阶段农民住房面临着价值评估难、抵押物处置难的问题，抵押效果不佳。实证结果显示，农民住房财产权抵押没有显著增加涉农贷款供给，对农村金融的供给作用有限。本文在考虑了农民住房财产权抵押对其他担保方式的替代作用、农地经营权抵押和“三块地”改革的影响之后，上述结果依然稳健。本文的政策启示是，政府应着力做好农房抵押贷款改革的配套措施，推动宅基地制度改革，探索扩大农民住房财产权的受让范围，充分挖掘住房财产权的价值潜力，缓解抵押物处置难问题。     

Cutting-edge technologies

Low llevel radioactive wastes are generated from reactor sources as well as fsrom non-reactor sources. In recent years, about 50,000 m³ per year of such wastes have been generated in the USA and about 10,000 m³ per year in Canada. Direct disposal of these wasters in shallow ground has been a favoured method in both countries in the past. However, with recent advances in waste management. technologies are being applied to achieve optimum goals in terms of protection of human health and safety and the environment, as well as cost-effectiveness. These technologies must be applied from the generation sources through waste minimization and optimum segregation-followed by waste processing, conditioning, storage, and disposal. A number of technologies are available and can be applied as appropriate, given the physical, chemical, and radiological characteristics of the waste. Interim and retrievable storage can be accomplished in a wide variety of storage structures, and several types of engineered disposal facility designs are now available. By applying an integrated approach to radioactive waste management. potential advers impacts on human health and safety and the environment can be minimized.     

稻田低密度生态养鱼及其实现产业化的前景

稻田低密度养鱼是一种新型的、具有较强的自我修复能力的农田生态系统模式,它集农产品消费安全、农民快速增收、稻田地力培肥、农副废弃物资源化于一体,且有三省(省工、省肥、省药)、两低(降低生产成本,降低劳动强度)的特点,体现了我国生态农业的特色和精华,即巧妙借用自然力(如养鱼、养鸭等)以实现轻轻松松地种田,既有助于农业的可持续发展,又促进了农村经济的发展和农村工业化、城镇化进程。     

A mechanism for computing an efficient system of wastes emission quotas

Presented is a mechanism that coordinates producers' wastes disposal decisions and consumers' demands for a clean environment. The mechanism imposes emissions' quotas on firms and levies taxes or subsidies on both firms and consumers. It is shown that a competitive equilibrium relative to the mechanism is Pareto optimal, and that the mechanism provides an incentive for each agent to communicate true marginal information in equilibrium.     

A Simple Multi-Regional Input–Output Account for Waste Analysis

The present paper provides a simple multiregional input–output model for waste analysis with which to estimate intraregional and interregional effects of industrial wastes embodied in regional final consumptions. The empirical analyses using 1995 nine-regions input–output tables reveals the regional properties of the interregional linkage effects. The Kanto and Kinki regions remarkably control the industrial waste emissions and waste landfills within their own regions by importing waste-intensive intermediate goods and services from the other regions. The Chugoku and Shikoku regions greatly contributed to the production of the waste-intensive goods and services for the other regions, considering the waste emissions and waste landfills relative to the commodity production levels. We also find that the household consumption behaviour in other regions indirectly plays a more important role in waste emissions than the municipal waste disposal behaviour in the region in question at least in 1995.