中东欧经济转型的成就与挑战

文章对中东欧经济转型进行了回顾,指出了中东欧经济转型的特点。在此基础上,文章分析了中东欧经济转型的成就,强调中东欧国家在建立市场经济体制和经济发展上取得了重大进展。与此同时,目前遭受全球金融危机冲击的中东欧国家也面临着许多挑战,需要推动许多领域,特别是社会领域的改革。     

转型国家公共行政改革:中国与俄罗斯的比较研究

转型国家在经济体制改革的推动下,公共行政面临着政府功能需要转变、以公民为中心的治理系统亟待完善等共性问题。社会政治生态、经济生态、文化生态的进步挑战着公共行政的民主质量,对公共行政体系构建和公共管理方式转变提出来更高的要求,同时培养了包容性领导并促使公共服务趋向高效、透明与责任。中国与俄罗斯地缘政治的相似性决定了改革过程中的内容、影响因素、特点等诸多方面存在相似性,通过两者比较研究,对我国进一步推动行公共行政改革提供借鉴。     

跨国公司在转型国家的社会责任

经济全球化背景下,跨国公司在市场经济成为世界主要经济制度的前提下,在高新技术的支持下,在国际经济政策和规则的协调下,进行全球扩张。跨国公司大量进入发展中国家,特别是一些转型国家,由此所引发的社会责任问题值得我们深入探究。     

跨国公司在转型国家的社会责任

经济全球化背景下,跨国公司在市场经济成为世界主要经济制度的前提下,在高新技术的支持下,在国际经济政策和规则的协调下,进行全球扩张.跨国公司大量进入发展中国家,特别是一些转型国家,由此所引发的社会责任问题值得我们深入探究.     

转型危机与国家治理:中国的经验

文章以转型危机与国家治理的互动关系为理论视角,探讨了中国三十年来政治经济体制改革的发展轨迹和实践经验。通过对转型危机和国家治理危机两个概念的理论界定和区分,文章认为中国目前面临的社会危机是一种转型的危机,即在经济—社会转型中由于各种利益冲突和治理能力滞后所产生的危机,是在特定历史背景下结构性转型的必然现象。在现实中,市场化和民主化与经济—社会转型互为因果,经济—社会转型不可避免地会引发国家治理层面不同程度的危机,进而推动了国家治理体制的改革和转型。中国国家治理体制的改革和转型是对经济—社会转型的一种渐进式的、结构性的适应过程。中国并未陷入局部改革的陷阱,而是更有可能在危机—体制改革—适应的推进模式中渐进地实现国家治理体制的转型和发展。     

国家的艺术——当代中国社会法治的失范与转型

中国的法治发展是与社会结构转型、体制转轨和大国崛起等进程复杂交织在一起的社会总体发展战略的一部分,法治的实现既需要国家权力施行善法,也需要法律约束国家权力。本文着眼于当今社会法治发展存在的内在悖论与难题,界定了法治的边界,重申了法治的价值,分析了法治失范的历史原因与现实原因,提出可以通过发掘传统文化中的善治思想、明确宪法地位以加强权力控制、发展市场经济来达到市场整合的方法促进法治的进一步转型,以期对法治社会的构建有所帮助。     

转型国家经济的理论反思与实践比较——“转型国家经济:发展与比较”学术研讨会综述

20世纪80年代末、90年代初以来,转型国家这个群体开始出现并活跃在国际政治经济舞台上。25年来,转型国家在政治、经济和社会等方面的改革与发展已受到社会各界的高度关注。"转型国家经济:发展与比较"学术研讨会于2014年8月28日在复旦大学经济学院举行。研讨会围绕四个方面问题展开讨论,它们是:转型国家经济发展模式的比较、转型国家外部环境的变化与经济发展、转型国家经济开放与合作,以及丝绸之路经济带与我国对外开放。     

中国社会的转型路径与转型风险——兼论“中国模式”

自经济体制改革为始,中国开始了大规模的制度变迁,表现为"法治国家、市场经济和公民社会"的全面社会转型期。转型国家存在着程度不同的制度与治理危机,而以"华盛顿共识"为核心的转型"药方"存在着诸多制度缺陷,并不适合中国发展的模式。本文对比了中国改革前后的主要社会变化,分析了"华盛顿共识"的施行效果和中国发展模式独特的转型途径与制度设计,最后在探讨中国社会转型期存在的转型风险的基础上,提出了相应的应对思路。     

没有一种疗法适用于所有的国家——波兰驻华大使谈转型之路

波兰驻华大使克日什托夫·舒姆斯基(KrzysztofSzumski)1971年开始就一直在波兰外交部或驻外使馆工作,曾任波兰驻菲律宾、泰国、印度尼西亚等国大使,外交部亚非澳洲司、亚澳拉美司司长。十几年来,波兰的经济转型吸引了太多的眼球,作为驻外大使,舒姆斯基近年来在采访中不断地被问及与波兰经济转型相关的问题。大使拥有经济学硕士的学历,对于波兰经济的经济转型过程也非常熟悉。在接受《经济》记者的专访时,舒姆斯基大使称,加入国际经济组织,经济开放,积极参与国际竞争是波兰经济能够成功转型的重要经验。《经济》:波兰经济现在的发展情况如何…     

国际金融危机与转轨国家的应对——以俄罗斯和中东欧国家为研究视角

肇始于2008年9月的全球金融海啸,是自20世纪30年代大萧条以来全球最严重的金融危机并导致严重的经济衰退.面对日益加剧的国际金融危机,国内外学者不断展开全方位的较为深入的研究,但总体上看,对作为"特殊群体"的经济转轨国家应对国际金融危机的研究仍不够深入.鉴于此,本文以俄罗斯和中东欧国家为研究视角,全面分析国际金融危机对转轨国家所造成的影响及这些国家所采取的应对金融危机的措施;同时,剖析转轨国家深受本次国际金融危机之害而成为重灾区的深刻原因.     

Seigniorage Wealth and Redistribution in Central and Eastern European Countries

The analysis presented in this article focuses on seigniorage revenues in five Central and Eastern European Countries: Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Romania. A comprehensive discrete period accounting framework for measuring the sources and uses of seigniorage in the 1990s is presented. The framework is based upon the gross concept of seigniorage that defines seigniorage in the broadest possible sense as the sum of revenues resulting from the monopoly power to issue money. Legal, institutional and operational details which are relevant for the creation of base money in a country are taken into account. The article reveals similarities and differences in seigniorage wealth between the countries under scrutiny, evaluates the magnitude of seigniorage and shows that accession to the European Monetary Union will create significant once-and-for-all gains of seigniorage wealth for the countries resulting from redistributing seigniorage wealth.     

Economic Integration between the European Union and the Transition Economies of Central European Initiative Countries

In this article we examine the main factors influencing trade and FDI flows between the transition countries of the Central European Initiative (CEI) and the EU member states. We distinguish three groups of CEI countries, according to the degree of trade and FDI integration with the EU: the 'fast mover' countries, the 'next tier' countries and the 'slow movers'. By estimating a number of trade and FDI equations we were able to locate the significance of alternative variables which affect the flows of trade between the CEI countries and the EU. According to our results, the low volume of trade and FDI between the 'next tier' and 'slow movers' of the CEI region, on one hand, and the EU, on the other, is a reflection of the fact that these particular countries have not yet achieved adequate institutional and economic reform while, at the same time, privatisation has not progressed as much.     

Business Cycle Synchronization between Euro Area and Central and Eastern European Countries

We analyze the degree of co‐movements in real macroeconomic aggregates across selected euro area and Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries applying a multi‐factor model. Our results suggest that the evolution of the global European factor matches well the narrative of main economic events between 1995 and 2011, capturing among others the recession during the recent global financial and economic crisis. This factor plays a central role in explaining real output growth variability in euro area and is negligible in CEE countries. Furthermore, using Markov switching models and concordance indices, we shed light on an increase in business cycle synchronization, with the degree of concordance between country‐specific and European business cycles being high.     

Foreign bank entry,bank efficiency and market power in Central and Eastern European Countries1

This article analyses the implications of the recently observed sharp expansion of foreign banks in the Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) as measured by equity ownership. We show that the mode of foreign entry has a pivotal impact on the post‐entry performance of banks in CEECs. Foreign greenfield banks are characterized by superior cost efficiency, compared with domestic and foreign‐acquired banks. The efficiency of foreign‐acquired banks deteriorates in the initial year of acquisition, but improves thereafter. Banks acquired by foreigners have less market power relative to domestic and foreign greenfield banks. Overall, the CEEC banking sectors have benefited from the increased foreign bank participation, both in terms of higher efficiency and more competition.     

A Nested logit approach to modelling the location of foreign direct investment in the Central and Eastern European Countries

This paper applies the Nested logit model to a three-level dataset in order to examine the factors explaining foreign investment location decisions into 13 Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) over an eleven-year period between 1997 and 2007. The three-level dataset allows firm, industry and country factors to simultaneously determine the firm-level investment location decisions. The Nested logit model partially relaxes the assumption of the independence from irrelevant alternatives and tests if national boundaries affect the choice of investment location of multinational enterprises in the CEECs. In addition, the Heteroskedastic Extreme Value model is used to help identify an appropriate nesting structure. Empirical results show that the responsiveness of the firms' decision regarding where to locate capital in the CEECs to country-level variables differs both across sectors and across firms of different sizes and profitability.     

后危机时代转轨国家经济发展模式的转变——以俄罗斯及中东欧国家为例

本文在分析了转轨国家面临的被西欧外资银行所控制的金融系统、外资银行为主导的银行信贷模式和个人房贷为主体的信贷结构,以及高负债、高投资的经济模式和依赖资源或能源出口的经济模式等主要问题基础上,总结了俄罗斯及中东欧转轨国家经济发展模式向自主创新、内外需结合型经济转变,出口商品向多元化销售渠道、多样化商品结构以及高技术含量转变的主要动向,提出了转轨国家经济结构调整方向的政策建议。     

European financial crisis and bank productivity: evidence from Eastern European Countries

The paper examines the productivity levels of the largest banks operating in the Eastern European countries over the period of the ongoing European financial crisis. Specifically, the analysis covers the periods of U.S. subprime crisis, the global financial crisis and the sovereign debt crisis. By adopting a fully nonparametric framework, it provides a probabilistic version of a directional input-oriented Malmquist productivity index alongside with its main decomposition. The results from the analysis suggest that banks have faced a deterioration of their productivity levels between the examined periods. It is evident that during the initiation of European sovereign debt crisis, the banks have weakened their ability to utilize efficiently their inputs of production and their ability to realize scale economies.     

Real convergence in some Central and Eastern European countries

This article examines the real convergence hypothesis in some Central and East European countries (both towards the German and the US economies) by means of using time series techniques during the period 1950 to 2003. No evidence is found of real convergence for the whole period. However, when one allows for structural breaks, evidence is found of a catch-up process during the 1990s to 2003 period for Poland, the Czech Republic and Hungary towards Germany and only for Poland towards the US economy.     

Formal and Informal Labour Markets: Challenges and Policy in the Central and Eastern European New EU Members and Candidate Countries

The paper aims at comparing the formal and informal labour marketsin the Central and Eastern European new EU Member States andcandidate countries of the European Union. First, the currentsituation of the labour market is described, focusing on therecent developments since the breaking up of the East. Thenthe policy design of these labour markets is depicted and itseffects on formal and informal labour markets. The most importantchallenges for employment policy as well as the effects of enlargementon the labour markets are analysed. The paper ends with a shortsummary. (JEL J21, J23, H26, H11, O17, O57)